Aikace-aikacen Tsari na Cyanidation da Bincike don Kayan Zinare Masu Haɓaka Copper

Gabatarwa

A fannin hakar gwal, da cyanidation tsari ya dade yana zama ginshiƙi saboda zaɓensa da yuwuwar sa. Duk da haka, lokacin da ake hulɗa da ma'adinan zinari masu ɗauke da tagulla, ƙayyadaddun ilimin ma'adinai yana ba da ƙalubale na musamman. Kamar yadda makin jan ƙarfe, azurfa, da zinare ke ci gaba da raguwa a duk duniya, kuma ma'adinan da ke kewaye da su ke ƙara samun ɗimbin yawa, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka tsarin siyanidation na waɗannan hadaddun ma'adanai. Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana shiga cikin aikace-aikace da bincike na cyanidation don nau'in zinari mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, da nufin samar da haske game da ingantattun hanyoyin magani.

Kalubale a cikin Cyanidating Copper-Bearing Gold Ores

Ma'adinai Complexity

Ma'adinan zinari masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe galibi suna ɗauke da ma'adanai iri-iri, gami da ma'adinan sulfide na ƙarfe kamar pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, da sphalerite. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya samun ions kamar Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, S²⁻, da Fe³⁺ a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. A lokacin aikin leaching na cyanidation, waɗannan abubuwan haɗin zasu iya cinye adadi mai yawa cyanide da narkar da oxygen. Misali, kasancewar Cu²⁺ na iya amsawa tare da cyanide, yana samar da barga, don haka rage cyanide kyauta da ke akwai don rushewar gwal. Wannan ba kawai yana ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide ba amma har ma yana rage ingancin leaching na zinariya.

Amfanin Cyanide

Babban abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin ma'adinai yana haifar da wuce gona da iri amfani da cyanide. Tagulla mai narkewa a cikin leach barasa yana amsawa da cyanide, yana haifar da tsadar aiki mara karɓuwa. A wasu lokuta, makin tagulla a cikin abincin na iya canzawa cikin lokaci, kamar yadda aka gani a ma'adinan Geda Bek na Anglo Asia Mining a Azerbaijan. Bayan da aka fara samar da leach da resin - in - ɓangaren litattafan almara na sarrafa tama na gwal, makin jan ƙarfe fiye da yadda ake tsammani ya haifar da ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide, duk da ikon shukar na sarrafa yawan tagulla a cikin barasa ba tare da yin tasiri sosai ga samar da gwal ba.

Aikace-aikacen Tsarin Cyanidation don Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Zinariya

Ammonia - Taimakawa Cyanide Leaching

Hanya ɗaya don magance ƙalubalen da ake samu a cikin sayan tagulla masu ɗauke da takin zinari shine amfani da ammonia - taimakon leaching cyanide. A cikin ma'adinan Geda Bek, an shigar da ammonia a cikin da'irar leaching don rage yawan amfani da cyanide. An gano cewa wannan hanya tana da tasiri wajen rage yawan hako tagulla, wanda hakan zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfani da cyanide a cikin cikakken tsarin leaching. Amfani da ammonia a cikin tagulla - tsarin leach cyanide na zinari yana da dogon tarihi, tun daga 1902 lokacin da Hunt ya ba da izinin amfani da shi don rage yawan amfani da cyanide a lokacin leken zinari daga jan ƙarfe - nau'in ƙarfe. An yi amfani da tsarin ammonia-cyanide ta kasuwanci don magance wutsiya daga Comstock Lode a Nevada da kuma gwal mai cin abinci a Dale, California.

Maganin Maganin Ciwon Kaya

Gyaran ɓangarorin tama wani muhimmin mataki ne a cikin tsarin siyandiation na takin zinari masu ɗauke da tagulla. Pretreatment na alkaline na iya rage yawan amfani da cyanide kuma inganta ƙimar leaching cyanide na zinari. Lokacin da ɓangaren litattafan almara ba a riga an shirya shi ba, CN⁻ kyauta a ciki shine mafi ƙanƙanta, yana nuna cewa Fe²⁺, Zn²⁻, S²⁻, S²⁻ da sauran ions suna cinyewa, da abun ciki na Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ ions kuma shine mafi ƙasƙanci. Bayan pretreatment, da free CN⁻ a cikin takin ɓangaren litattafan almara ne in mun gwada da high, da kuma Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺ ions sun fi wadanda ba tare da pretreatment, wanda ke nufin cewa amfani da free CN⁻ bayan pretreatment an rage, da kuma cutarwa ions ba a cinye ta CN⁻. Don haka, pretreatment alkaline kafin leaching cyanide zai iya zama da amfani.

Hanyar Bincike da Ingantawa

Haɓaka Sabbin Reagents da Tsari

Masu bincike a koyaushe suna bincika sabbin abubuwan sakewa da matakai don haɓaka tsarin cyanidation don ma'adinan gwal mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Misali, yin amfani da oxidants na taimako shine yanki na mayar da hankali. Ƙara oxidants (kamar oxygen mai tsabta ko wasu oxides) yayin aikin leaching na iya ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin "oxygen mai aiki mai mahimmanci" a cikin ɓangaren ma'adinai, inganta yanayin leaching na cyanidation, haɓaka saurin leaching, rage lokacin leaching, da rage yawan amfani da cyanide. An haɓaka amfani da oxidants masu ƙarfi a ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin ingantacciyar fasaha don inganta tsarin cyanidation. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka sabbin abubuwan leaching, irin su thiosulfate, wanda ya nuna yuwuwar fitar da gwal daga zinare masu ɗauke da tagulla tare da ingantaccen aiki, shima muhimmin alkiblar bincike ne.

Haɗin Tsari da Ingantawa

Haɗa matakai daban-daban kuma na iya haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Misali, hade shukar leach mai tayar da hankali tare da ayyukan heap leach/ADR/SART, kamar yadda ake yi a ma'adinan Geda Bek, na iya sa tsarin gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa. Tsarin resin -in - ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara, inda aka samo zinare daga ɓangaren litattafan almara ta hanyar tuntuɓar gwal - takamaiman guduro musanya ion, shine babban ɓangaren wannan haɗin gwiwa. Ta hanyar haɓaka haɗakar waɗannan matakai da kayan aiki, ana iya haɓaka aikin gabaɗayan aikin cyanidation don ma'adinan gwal mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe.

Kammalawa

Tsarin cyanidation na ma'adinan gwal mai ɗauke da tagulla ya kasance hanya mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai duk da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da shi. Ta hanyar dabaru irin su ammonia - taimakon cyanide leaching, pretreatment na tama, da ci gaba da bincike da haɓaka sabbin sabbin abubuwa da haɗin gwiwar tsari, za a iya inganta inganci da ƙarfin tattalin arziƙin tsarin cyanidation. Yayin da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ke ci gaba da fuskantar kalubale na raguwar ma'adinan ma'adinai da hadaddun ma'adanai, ci gaba da yin sabbin abubuwa a cikin tsarin sinadarai na ma'adinan gwal mai ɗauke da tagulla zai zama mahimmanci don tabbatar da samar da gwal mai ɗorewa.