Hatsari da Tsarin Jiyya na Cyanide - mai ɗauke da Ruwan Shara

Gabatarwa

Cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha yana da matukar damuwa ga muhalli saboda yanayinsa mai guba sosai. Guda uku da aka fi sani da guba sosai cyanides, wato Sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), da hydrocyanic acid (HCN), suna haifar da mummunar barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Ma'anar gama gari tsakanin waɗannan Cyanides shine ikon su na rabuwa da sauri da sakin ion cyanide (CN-).

Hatsarin Cyanide - dauke da Ruwan Shara

Tsarin Guba Ga Mutane

Kisa mai guba na cyanides ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa cyanide ion (CN-) yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi ga ions baƙin ƙarfe. Da zarar a cikin jikin mutum, CN- yana ɗaure sauƙi tare da ions baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin iskar oxygen - ɗaukar ƙarfin baƙin ƙarfe - yana ƙunshe da abubuwa. Wannan ƙarshe yana haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin ƙwayoyin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. A sakamakon haka, mutanen da suka kamu da cutar sukan mutu daga gurguwar numfashi ta tsakiya. Guba na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da hulɗar fata, shan baki, numfashi, allura, da mucosal lamba. Ko da ƙaramin adadin cyanide zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.

Tasirin Muhalli

Cyanide - yana dauke da ruwa mai datti, idan ba a kula da shi yadda ya kamata ba kuma a zubar da shi cikin ruwa, na iya yin mummunar tasiri ga rayuwar ruwa. Kwayoyin ruwa suna da matukar damuwa ga cyanide. Ko da a ƙananan ƙididdiga, cyanide na iya rushe ayyukan al'ada na kifaye, invertebrates, da sauran nau'in ruwa, wanda zai haifar da raguwar girma, matsalolin haihuwa, da mutuwa. Wannan, bi da bi, na iya tarwatsa duk yanayin yanayin ruwa, yana shafar sarkar abinci da nau'ikan halittu.

Hanyoyin Magani na Cyanide - dauke da Ruwan Shara

Babban - Cyanide mai girma - mai ɗauke da Maganin Ruwan Shara: Farfaɗo na Cyanide

Don high - maida hankali cyanide - dauke da ruwa mai datti, hanyar dawo da cyanide sau da yawa ana amfani da shi. Wannan tsarin yana da nufin cirewa da sake yin amfani da cyanide mai mahimmanci daga ruwan datti. Ɗayan dabarar gama gari ita ce hakar ƙarfi. A cikin hakar sauran ƙarfi, ana amfani da kaushi mai dacewa don cire mahaɗan cyanide a zaɓen daga lokacin sharar ruwa mai ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma za a iya ƙara sarrafa lokaci na cyanide mai ɗorewa don dawo da tsantsar cyanide. Wannan hanya tana da fa'idar ba wai kawai rage tasirin muhalli ba ta hanyar cire cyanide daga ruwan datti amma har ma da dawo da albarkatun sinadarai masu mahimmanci. Koyaya, yana buƙatar zaɓin tsayayyen ƙauye da tsauraran yanayin aiki don tabbatar da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakawa da rage asarar ƙarfi.

Ƙananan - Ƙarfafa Cyanide - mai ƙunshe da Maganin Ruwa: Rushewar Cyanide

Hanyoyin Oxidation

1.Chemical Oxidation

• {a'ida: Hanyoyin hada sinadarai suna amfani da sinadarai masu ƙarfi wajen canza ions na cyanide zuwa abubuwa marasa guba ko marasa guba. Misali, sinadarai masu dauke da chlorine kamar sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) na iya amsawa da ions na cyanide. Da farko amsawar ta canza cyanide (CN-) zuwa cyanate (CNO-), kuma ƙarin hadawa zai iya rushe cyanate zuwa Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), da sauran kayayyakin da ba su da lahani. Ana iya wakiltar martanin gaba ɗaya kamar haka:

• A mataki na farko: (CN^ -+OCl^ -\rightarrow CNO^ -+Cl^)

• A mataki na biyu: (2CNO^ -+3OCl^ -+H_2O\arrow 2CO_2 + N_2+3Cl^ -+2OH^ -)

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Sinadarin iskar shaka abu ne mai sauƙi don aiki kuma yana iya yin tasiri a cikin magance ƙananan ƙwayar cyanide - mai ɗauke da ruwan sha. Ana iya aiwatar da shi a cikin tsire-tsire masu kula da ruwan sha tare da wasu gyare-gyare ga tsarin jiyya.

• disadvantages: Yin amfani da ma'auni mai yawa na oxidizing na iya zama tsada. Bugu da ƙari, idan ba a sarrafa shi da kyau ba, amsawar na iya haifar da - samfurori waɗanda kuma zasu iya cutar da muhalli. Misali, yawan amfani da sinadarin chlorine na iya haifar da samuwar rigakafin ta - samfurori irin su trihalomethanes.

2.Electrolytic Oxidation

• {a'ida: A cikin oxidation na electrolytic, wutar lantarki tana wucewa ta cikin cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha a cikin kwayar halitta. Aanode na tantanin halitta yana aiki azaman wurin da oxidation ke faruwa. Cyanide ions suna oxidized a saman anode. A general dauki a anode za a iya rubuta a matsayin (2CN ^ -+4OH^ -\rightarrow 2CNO^ -+2H_2O + 2e^ -), da kuma kara hadawan abu da iskar shaka na cyanate iya faruwa don samar da carbon dioxide da nitrogen.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Hanya ce mai tsabta mai tsabta kamar yadda baya gabatar da ƙarin sinadarai banda na'urorin lantarki. Ana iya sarrafa shi da sarrafa shi daidai.

• disadvantages: Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka ambata, electrolytic hadawan abu da iskar shaka ne sosai makamashi - cinyewa. Bukatar ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki ya sa farashin magani ya yi yawa. Bugu da ƙari, na'urorin lantarki na iya fuskantar lalata na tsawon lokaci, wanda ke buƙatar kulawa akai-akai da sauyawa.

Maganin Halittu

1. {a'idaMaganin halitta na cyanide - yana ɗauke da ruwa mai datti ya dogara da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya daidaita cyanide a matsayin tushen carbon ko nitrogen. Wasu kwayoyin cuta da fungi suna da ikon rushe cyanide ta hanyar halayen enzymatic. Alal misali, wasu ƙwayoyin cyanide - masu lalata suna iya canza cyanide zuwa ammonia kuma su tsara ta hanyar matakai na enzymatic. Ana iya ƙara ammonia ta hanyar wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin jiyya.

2. Abũbuwan amfãni: Maganin halitta gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa da muhalli saboda bai ƙunshi amfani da sinadarai masu yawa ba. Yana iya zama tsada - mai tasiri don magance ƙananan - cyanide maida hankali - dauke da ruwa mai datti a cikin dogon lokaci, musamman a lokuta inda aka kafa haɗin gwiwar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

3. disadvantages: Duk da haka, maganin ilimin halitta yana da matukar damuwa ga canje-canje a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa, zazzabi, da pH. Canje-canje kwatsam a cikin waɗannan sigogi na iya hana haɓakawa da aiki na cyanide - ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalata, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ingantaccen magani. Hakanan yana buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokacin magani idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin sinadarai.

Hanyar farfadowa da farfadowa na Cyanide

1. {a'ida: Wannan hanyar tana kama da hanyar dawo da ruwa mai yawa - amma kuma ana iya amfani da shi zuwa wasu lokuta marasa ƙarfi. Yana mai da hankali kan sake haɓakawa da sake sarrafa cyanide daga ruwan datti. Hanya ɗaya ita ce amfani da ion - resins musayar. Za a iya haɗa ions cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar gida a saman resin. Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar amfani da eluent mai dacewa, za'a iya cire cyanide daga resin kuma a dawo da shi.

2. Abũbuwan amfãni: Yana iya rage yawan amfani da cyanide a cikin ayyukan masana'antu ta hanyar sake yin amfani da cyanide. Wannan ba wai kawai yana da fa'idodin tattalin arziki ba har ma yana rage tasirin muhalli da ke tattare da zubar da cyanide - mai ɗauke da ruwa mai datti.

3. disadvantages: The ion - resins musanya bukatar da za a a hankali zaba da kuma kiyaye. Tsarin farfadowa na iya buƙatar yin amfani da ƙarin sinadarai, kuma akwai haɗarin resin fouling, wanda zai iya rage girman tsarin farfadowa na cyanide.

Kammalawa

Cyanide - dauke da ruwa mai daskarewa babban haɗari ne na muhalli da lafiya. Fahimtar hanyoyin guba da aiwatar da hanyoyin jiyya masu dacewa suna da mahimmanci. Kowace hanyar magani, ko ta hanyar ruwa mai yawa - ko ƙananan - yana da nasa fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Zaɓin hanyar magani ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban kamar ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko, ingantaccen magani da ake buƙata, farashi - tasiri, da tasirin muhalli. A nan gaba, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike da haɓakawa don haɓaka hanyoyin jiyya da ake da su da haɓaka sabbin, inganci, da farashi - ingantattun hanyoyin magance cyanide - wanda ke ɗauke da ruwan sha don tabbatar da yanayi mai tsabta da aminci.