Haɓaka ƙimar Leaching na Zinariya da Azurfa a cikin Tsarin Cyanidation na Oxygen-Rich tare da Ammonia

Gabatarwa

Ana hakar zinari da azurfa daga ma'adinai wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. Cyanidation ya daɗe ya kasance babbar hanya don wannan dalili. Koyaya, ana ci gaba da ƙoƙari don inganta tsarin don inganta ƙimar leaching na karafa masu daraja da haɓaka haɓaka gabaɗaya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan hanyar da ta nuna alkawari ita ce amfani da ammoniya a cikin tsarin cyanidation mai arzikin oxygen. Wannan labarin ya yi bayani kan yadda ammoniya za ta iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙimar leaching na zinariya da azurfa.

Tushen Cyanidation

Cyanidation ya dogara ne akan ka'idar cewa raunin sodium ko potassium cyanide sami aikin narkar da fifiko akan ƙananan barbashi na zinariya da azurfa fiye da sauran kayan da aka samu a cikin ma'aunin zinariya. A cikin wannan tsari, lokacin da sabon saman zinari ya fallasa ga cyanide a cikin ruwa mai ruwa mai dauke da oxygen kyauta, wani sinadari yana faruwa wanda ya zama fili na cyanide na zinariya tare da hydroxide.

Tsarin yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali akan abubuwa da yawa. Misali, ƙarfin maganin cyanide yana da mahimmanci. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da ƙarfin bayani na kusan fam ɗaya na cyanide (KCN daidai) zuwa tan na bayani (ruwa), saboda an gano cewa yana da isasshen ƙarfi ga yawancin da'irar cyanide madaidaiciya. Ayyukan gwaji sun nuna cewa wannan ƙarfin yana ba da iyakar ƙarfin narkewa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan maganin cyanicides (ma'adinan ma'adinai waɗanda za su iya yin mummunar tasiri akan tsarin cyanidation), kuma haɗarin guba daga tururin da aka samu ta hanyar ƙaura a lokacin zafi yana raguwa.

Hakanan yanayin zafi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana yawan zafi da mafita zuwa kusan 70 °F don kiyaye ingantaccen aikin narkar da. Sama da wannan zafin jiki, asarar cyanide ta hanyar lalacewa ya zama damuwa mai mahimmanci. A ka'ida, zinari yana narkewa da sauri a cikin bayani a zafin jiki na 138 ° F.

Matsayin Ammoniya a cikin Oxygen - Tsarin Cyanidation Mai Arziki

Haɗuwa da Ƙarfe ions

Ammoniya na iya samar da hadaddun mahadi tare da ions ƙarfe daban-daban da ke cikin ma'adanin. Dangane da hakar zinari da azurfa, tana iya yin mu’amala da ions tagulla, waɗanda galibi ana samun su a cikin ma’adinan zinariya da yawa. Copper na iya cinye cyanide kuma yana tsoma baki tare da leaching na zinariya da azurfa. Ta hanyar samar da tagulla - rukunin ammonia, ammonia yana rage gasa don ions cyanide, yana samar da ƙarin cyanide don rushe zinare da azurfa. A sakamakon haka, kasancewar ammoniya yana taimakawa wajen kula da mafi girma na ions cyanide kyauta a cikin maganin, wanda ke da amfani ga leaching na zinariya da azurfa.

Tasiri kan Muhalli na Electrochemical

Ammoniya kuma na iya canza yanayin lantarki na tsarin leaching. Zai iya rinjayar yuwuwar redox na maganin, wanda hakan ke haifar da oxidation da rushewar zinari da azurfa. A cikin yanayi mai wadatar iskar oxygen, kasancewar ammonia na iya haɓaka kunna ƙwayoyin oxygen. Wannan ingantacciyar kunnawar iskar oxygen yana haɓaka oxidation na zinari da azurfa zuwa rukunin cyanide daban-daban. Misali, game da zinari, ana iya gyaggyara hanyar amsawa ta hanyar da zata sauƙaƙa samuwar hadadden cyanide na gwal mai dacewa da inganci.

Ingantawa a cikin Abubuwan Fannin Ma'adinai

Ammoniya na iya yin hulɗa tare da saman ma'adanai a cikin ma'adinai. Wasu ma'adanai waɗanda ke da wahalar yin leɗa kai tsaye suna iya samun abubuwan da suke da su na saman ammonia gyaggyarawa. Wannan gyare-gyare na iya sa saman ya zama mai ɗaukar hankali ga ions cyanide, don haka inganta ingantaccen leaching gabaɗaya. Misali, wasu ma'adanai masu ɗauke da azurfa na iya samun rufin saman da ke hana samun ions cyanide. Ammoniya na iya amsawa tare da wannan shafi ko adsorb a kan ma'adinan ma'adinai, canza cajin sa da kuma amsawar sinadarai, da barin ions cyanide don yin tasiri sosai tare da azurfa a cikin ma'adinai.

Nazarin Harka da Aikace-aikace Masu Aiki

A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen a zinare - ma'adinan azurfa, amfani da gefe - niƙa - yayin da - leaching da oxygen - tsarin cyanidation mai arziki ya haɗu tare da ƙari na ammonia. A karkashin yanayin cewa tsarin samar da asali ya kasance ba canzawa ba, an ƙara yawan adadin ammonia da ya dace a farkon matakin niƙa. Sakamakon ya kasance na ban mamaki. Idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki ba tare da ƙari ammonia ba, adadin leaching na zinari ya karu da kashi 0.47%, adadin leaching na azurfa ya karu da kashi 5.33%, kuma adadin leaching na jan karfe ya ragu da kashi 6.50%. Wannan ba kawai inganta dawo da daraja karafa amma kuma rage narkar da jan karfe, wanda shi ne sau da yawa wani maras so gefen - sakamako kamar yadda jan karfe iya cinye cyanide da complicate na gaba karfe dawo da matakai.

A cikin wani binciken akan takamaiman nau'in zinari - tama na azurfa, ƙari na ammonia a cikin iskar oxygen - tsarin cyanidation mai wadatar ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a cikin leaching kinetics. An rage lokacin da ake buƙata don isa babban matakin zinare da azurfa. Wannan ba wai kawai ya ƙara yawan aikin leaching ba amma har ma ya ceci makamashi da albarkatu a cikin dogon lokaci.

Ingantawa da Tunani

Duk da yake ammonia yana nuna babban yuwuwar haɓaka ƙimar zinare da azurfa a cikin iskar oxygen- wadataccen tsarin cyanidation, abubuwa da yawa suna buƙatar inganta su. Matsakaicin ammoniya da aka ƙara yana da mahimmanci. Kadan ammonia bazai sami tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hadaddun, muhallin lantarki, ko gyaran saman ma'adinai ba. A gefe guda, yawan adadin ammonia na iya haifar da ƙarin farashi, yuwuwar al'amurran muhalli, kuma yana iya lalata ma'aunin sinadari gabaɗaya na tsarin leaching.

Hakanan ana buƙatar sarrafa ƙimar pH na maganin leaching. Ammoniya tushe ne mai rauni, kuma ƙari na iya shafar pH na maganin. Tunda tsarin cyanidation yana kula da pH, kiyaye mafi kyawun kewayon pH (yawanci a kusa da 10 - 11) yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai kyau na ions cyanide da kuma gabaɗayan motsin motsi.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, dacewa da ammonia tare da sauran reagents da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsari, irin su lemun tsami (wanda ake ƙarawa sau da yawa don daidaita pH da hana samuwar iskar hydrogen cyanide), yana buƙatar la'akari. Tabbatar da cewa duk halayen sinadarai a cikin tsarin leaching suna aiki cikin jituwa yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙimar leaching na zinari da azurfa.

Kammalawa

Yin amfani da ammonia a cikin iskar oxygen - tsarin cyanidation mai arziki yana ba da hanya mai mahimmanci kuma mai tasiri don haɓaka ƙimar leaching na zinariya da azurfa. Ta hanyar hadaddun ions na ƙarfe, gyare-gyare na yanayin electrochemical, da haɓaka kayan ma'adinai, ammonia na iya inganta ingantaccen haɓakar ƙarfe mai daraja. Koyaya, a hankali inganta sigogi kamar ammoniya maida hankali, sarrafa pH, da daidaitawa tare da sauran reagents ya zama dole don fahimtar fa'idodin wannan hanyar. Yayin da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ke ci gaba da neman hanyoyin da suka dace da dorewa don fitar da karafa masu daraja, rawar da ammoniya ke takawa a cikin ayyukan cyanidation na iya samun ƙarin kulawa da ƙarin bincike.