Haɓaka Cyanidation don Haƙar Zinare daga Refractory Ores

A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, fitar da zinare daga ma'adinan ma'adinai na haifar da gagarumin kalubale. Nau'o'in refractory, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin dawo da gwal a ƙarƙashin gargajiya cyanide yanayin leaching, ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tushen albarkatun zinare yayin da adadin ma'adanai da aka sarrafa cikin sauƙi ya ragu. Zinariya a cikin irin wannan ma'adinai galibi yana cikin yanayi mai kyau na tarwatsewa a cikin ma'adinan sulfide, galibi pyrite da arsenopyrite, yana mai da wahalar samun damar samun mafita na cyanide.

Fahimtar Kalubalen Refractory Ores

Juriya na waɗannan ma'adanai don kai tsaye Cyanidation ya fi girma saboda tarar zinare a cikin tsari mai yawa na ma'adanai sulfide. Wannan ɓoye na jiki yana hana cyanide yin tasiri sosai tare da zinare, yana haifar da ƙarancin dawowa. Sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar hanyoyin sarrafawa na musamman don haɓaka haƙon zinare daga waɗannan ma'adanai masu jujjuyawa.

Fasahar Magani don Refractory Ores

Gasasshen Oxidative

Gasasshen Oxidative ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin gargajiya don sarrafa gwal na sulfide - mai ɗauke da hankali. A lokacin wannan tsari, zinari - masu ɗaukar sulfides suna oxidized zuwa cikin ɗimbin yawa na oxides, wanda ke ba da damar mafi kyawun shigar da mafita na cyanide. Duk da haka, wannan hanya yana da yawa drawbacks. Babu makawa yana haifar da gurbatar muhalli ta hanyar fitar da iskar gas na arsenic da sulfur. Bukatar zubar da sinadarin arsenic trioxide mai guba shi ma babban abin damuwa ne. Bugu da ƙari, samuwar ƙananan mahadi masu narkewa da kuma kawar da zinari cikin abubuwan arsenic a lokacin aikin gasa na iya rage gaba ɗaya. Hakar zinare inganci. Misali, a cikin wasu ayyukan gasa na gargajiya, gwargwadon hakar gwal daga ma'auni na iya haɓakawa kawai daga kusan 46.6% (cyanidation kai tsaye na mai da hankali kan flotation na farko) zuwa kusan 85% bayan gasa.

Bacterial Oxidation (Biox)

Bacterial oxidation shine mafi dacewa da yanayin muhalli. A cikin wannan tsari, ana amfani da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta don oxidize ma'adinan sulfide, suna rushe matrix da ke tattare da zinariya. Wannan yana sa zinare ya fi dacewa da cyanide. Fa'idodin wannan fasaha sun haɗa da rashin iskar gas mai guba. An cire Arsenic daga tsari a cikin nau'i na ƙananan arsenate mai guba na baƙin ƙarfe. Nazarin gwaji ya nuna cewa yin amfani da fasahar Biox na iya haɓaka hako zinare zuwa kashi 91.74% daga abubuwan da ke hana ruwa gudu, wanda hakan babban ci gaba ne idan aka kwatanta da cyanidation kai tsaye.

Autoclave Oxidation (Pox)

Autoclave hadawan abu da iskar shaka ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da ma'adinan tama zuwa babban - zazzabi da yanayin matsa lamba a gaban iskar oxygen. Wannan tsari yadda ya kamata oxidizes da sulfide ma'adanai. Na farko autoclave oxidative leaching na flotation maida hankali na iya samar da tsayayyen babban dawo da gwal tare da cyanidation na gaba, yawanci a matakin 94.9 - 96.5%. Wannan hanyar tana ba da ƙimar haɓaka mai yawa kuma muhimmin abu ne wajen haɓaka tsarin fasaha, haɓaka amincin masana'antu na kamfanonin sarrafa gwal, da haɓaka yanayin aiki na ma'aikatan samarwa.

Additives da Matsayinsu a Cyanidation

Cyanide - Rage Additives

Cyanide shine reagent na yau da kullun da ake amfani da shi wajen hakar gwal, amma yawan amfaninsa ba wai yana ƙara tsada kawai ba har ma yana haifar da haɗari ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Extractech, wani ci-gaba na biopolymer ƙari wanda aka samo daga algae, an haɓaka shi don magance wannan batu. Lokacin da aka ƙara zuwa tsarin cyanidation, zai iya aiki azaman super-oxidant. Yana karya ginshiƙan ma'adanai masu ƙarfi - oxidation - raguwa - yuwuwar (ORP) a cikin ma'adinan da ke da ƙarfi. Halin sinadarai yana faruwa tare da barbashi na gwal, yana barin gwal ɗin ya fi fallasa don amsawa da cyanide. A matsayin ƙari ga tsarin cyanidation na yanzu, Extractech na iya rage yawan amfani da cyanide har zuwa 20 - 30% yayin da yake haɓaka yawan zinari da 3 - 5%.

Sauran Additives

Ana iya amfani da wasu abubuwan da ake ƙara don haɓaka aikin cyanidation. Alal misali, wasu additives na iya ƙara yawan abin da ke cikin "oxygen mai aiki mai tasiri" a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda ke da amfani ga halayen cyanidation. Hakanan zasu iya samun ayyuka kamar tarwatsawa, suna taimakawa sosai don tarwatsa ɓangaren litattafan almara da haɓaka ingantaccen hulɗa tsakanin cyanide da zinariya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙila suna da ƙazanta - aikin cirewa, kawarwa ko raunata mummunan tasirin ƙazanta a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara akan zubar da zinari. Additives na chelating na iya ƙara narkar da zinariya da kuma kawar da abubuwa masu ƙazanta waɗanda ke shafar leaching na zinariya.

Haɓaka Tsari a cikin Cyanidation

Sarrafa pH

Cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana yin maganin hydrolysis, yana haifar da HCN, wani ɓangare na abin da ke canzawa daga maganin, yana haifar da asarar cyanide da gurɓataccen muhalli. A lokacin leaching cyanide, dole ne maganin ya kula da wani alkalinity don hana bazuwar cyanide. Duk da haka, idan alkalinity na maganin cyanide ya yi yawa, zai rage yawan rushewar zinariya. Saboda haka, daidaitaccen kulawar pH yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen cyanidation.

Lokacin Leaching

Yayin da lokacin leaching ya ƙaru, ƙimar leaching na zinare ya fara tashi. Koyaya, bayan wani lokaci, ƙara tsawaita lokacin leaching baya haɓaka ƙimar leaching na gwal. Don haka, ya zama dole don tabbatar da lokacin da ya dace don samun nasarar hakar zinare mai inganci ba tare da amfani da albarkatu da lokaci ba.

Tsarin Oxygen

Yin amfani da oxidants irin su oxygen mai tsabta ko wasu oxides a cikin tsarin leaching na iya inganta yanayin leaching. Alal misali, a cikin oxygen - resin leaching tsari, Bugu da kari na oxygen iya yadda ya kamata ƙara leaching kudi na zinariya da azurfa, hanzarta leaching gudun, rage leaching lokaci, da kuma rage cin cyanide da gubar nitrate.

Kammalawa

Haɓaka aikin cyanidation don hakar gwal daga refractory ores yana buƙatar haɗakar da fasahar riga-kafin da ta dace, amfani da ƙari mai inganci, da ingantaccen tsari. Hanyoyin magancewa kamar kwayoyin oxidation da autoclave oxidation suna ba da mafi kyawun yanayi da ingantattun hanyoyin idan aka kwatanta da gasasshen gargajiya. Additives na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage yawan amfani da cyanide da haɓaka dawo da zinariya. Ta hanyar sarrafa sigogin tsari a hankali kamar pH, lokacin leaching, da samar da iskar oxygen, masana'antar hakar gwal na iya haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ma'adinan ma'adinai, yin aikin hakar ya fi ɗorewa da tattalin arziki.