Matsayin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Sinadaran sarrafa Ma'adinai

Gabatarwa

sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani muhimmin sinadari ne a fagen sarrafa ma'adinai, duk da yanayinsa mai guba sosai. Abubuwan sinadarai na musamman suna ba shi damar taka rawar gani a matakai daban-daban, musamman wajen fitar da karafa masu daraja. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin takamaiman ayyuka da aikace-aikace na sodium cyanide a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai.

Abubuwan Sinadarai na Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide fari ne, lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u, mai kamshin almond mai daci. Yana da narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa kuma yana da hygroscopic, ma'ana yana ɗaukar danshi daga iska. A cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, yana rarraba cikin ions sodium (Na⁺) da cyanide ions (CN⁻). Cyanide ion shine nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in) da ke da alhakin sake kunnawa a sarrafa ma'adinai. Yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi ga wasu ions ƙarfe, waɗanda ke zama tushen aikace-aikacen sa.

Matsayi a cikin Haƙar Zinare da Azurfa

Hakar Zinariya

Daya daga cikin mafi sanannun aikace-aikace na sodium Cyanide a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai yana cikin hakar gwal. Tsarin yana dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa zinari na iya samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da ions cyanide a gaban iskar oxygen. Za a iya wakilta ra'ayin gaba ɗaya kamar haka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

A cikin wannan halayen, zinare yana da iskar oxygen sannan ya samar da hadaddun mai narkewa, sodium aurocyanide (Na [Au (CN)₂]). Ana iya raba wannan hadaddun daga matrix na ma'adinai, yawanci ta hanyar tallatawa akan carbon da aka kunna ko ta amfani da ƙurar zinc don siminti don haɓaka zinare.

Yin amfani da Sodium cyanide a cikin hakar zinare yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa. Yana da ƙarancin tsada idan aka kwatanta da wasu madadin hanyoyin. Hakanan tsarin yana da inganci sosai, yana iya dawo da gwal daga ƙananan ma'adinai. Misali, a cikin manyan ayyukan hakar zinare irin na Afirka ta Kudu da Ostiraliya, ana amfani da leaching na cyanide sosai. Duk da haka, yin amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin hakar gwal kuma yana haifar da matsalolin muhalli da aminci saboda yawan guba.

Cire Azurfa

Hakazalika da zinariya, ana iya fitar da azurfa ta amfani da sodium cyanide. Azurfa tana samar da hadadden hadadden mai narkewa tare da ions cyanide, kamar Na[Ag(CN)₂]. Tsarin hakar azurfa yana kama da na zinari, wanda ya haɗa da leaching na tama tare da cyanide - mai ɗauke da bayani. Wannan hanyar tana da tasiri don fitar da azurfa daga nau'ikan azurfa daban-daban - ma'adanai masu ɗaukar nauyi, gami da argentite (Ag₂S) da azurfar ƙaho (AgCl).

Matsayi a cikin Rarraba Karfe da Tsarkakewa

Rushewar Zaɓaɓɓen

Ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don zaɓin narkar da wasu karafa daga cakuda ma'adanai. Misali, a cikin hadadden tama mai dauke da jan karfe, zinc, da sauran karafa tare da karafa masu daraja, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don fi son narkar da zinare da azurfa yayin barin sauran karafa a baya. Wannan zaɓin ya dogara ne akan kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfe - cyanide complexes kafa. Kwancen kwanciyar hankali na karfe - ɗakunan cyanide sun bambanta, tare da zinariya da azurfa suna samar da barga sosai, yayin da wasu ƙananan ƙarfe suna samar da ƙananan barga a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.

Misali, a cikin tagulla - tama na zinari, ana iya fara cire tagulla ta wasu hanyoyi kamar su tudun ruwa ko leaching acid. Sa'an nan, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide don leach sauran zinariya. Wannan narkar da zaɓaɓɓen yana ba da damar ingantaccen rabuwa da tsarkakewa na karafa masu mahimmanci daga hadaddun ma'adanai.

Hadawa don Tsarkakewa

Da zarar karfe - cyanide complexes an kafa, za a iya kara sarrafa su don tsarkakewa. Misali, wajen hakar zinare, bayan samuwar Na[Au(CN)₂], za a iya raba hadaddun da kazanta a cikin maganin. Za'a iya bi da hadadden cyanide tare da wakili mai ragewa don zurfafa zinari. A wasu lokuta, karfe - cyanide hadaddun za a iya amfani da electroplating matakai. A electroplating, karfe - cyanide hadaddun hidima a matsayin tushen karfe ions. Cyanide ions a cikin hadaddun yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa adadin adadin ƙarfe a kan ma'auni, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin nau'i mai kama da karfe.

La'akarin Muhalli da Tsaro

Duk da amfaninsa wajen sarrafa ma'adinai, sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai. Ko da ƙananan adadin kuɗi na iya yin kisa idan an sha, an shaka, ko kuma a shanye ta cikin fata. A cikin mahalli, idan aka saki sodium cyanide, zai iya haifar da mummunar barazana ga rayuwar ruwa da kwayoyin halitta. Cyanide zai iya amsawa da ruwa don samar da hydrogen cyanide (HCN), gas mai saurin canzawa kuma mai guba.

Don rage waɗannan haɗari, ƙaƙƙarfan aminci da ƙa'idodin muhalli suna sarrafa amfani, ajiya, da jigilar sodium cyanide a cikin masana'antar sarrafa ma'adinai. Dole ne wuraren hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa su aiwatar da tsarin tsare-tsare masu dacewa da tsarin kulawa don hana sakin cyanide mai ɗauke da sharar gida. Misali, hanyoyin magani kamar alkaline chlorination, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, da sulfur dioxide - iskar oxygen ana amfani da su don karya cyanide a cikin ruwan datti kafin a fitar da shi.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa ma'adinai, musamman wajen fitar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinari da azurfa da kuma hanyoyin rabuwa da karfe da tsarkakewa. Ƙarfinsa don samar da barga masu rikitarwa tare da wasu ions na ƙarfe yana sa ya zama mai tasiri mai mahimmanci. Duk da haka, matsananciyar gubarsa tana buƙatar tsauraran aminci da kula da muhalli. Yayin da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ke ci gaba da haɓakawa, ana ƙara buƙatar haɓaka wasu hanyoyin da za su iya cimma sakamako iri ɗaya ba tare da haɗarin da ke tattare da amfani da sodium cyanide ba. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, sodium cyanide ya kasance wani muhimmin sinadari a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa ma'adinai, tare da aikace-aikacensa a hankali daidai da bukatun aminci da kare muhalli.