Hanyoyi da Tsarin Cire Cyanide akan Filayen Ma'adinan Sulfide

Gabatarwa

A cikin fa'ida da Murmushi hanyoyin da ba ferrous karfe sulfide ores, Cyanide ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don haɓaka ƙimar dawo da ƙarfe. Duk da haka, da cyanide sauran saman sulfide ores ba wai kawai yana da mummunan tasiri a kan tafiyar matakai na gaba ba amma yana haifar da matsalolin muhalli masu tsanani. Sabili da haka, haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da muhalli don cire cyanide a saman ƙorafin sulfide yana da mahimmanci a aikace.

Halin da ake ciki yanzu da Hatsari na Sauran Cyanide akan Filayen Ma'adinan Sulfide

Halin Yanzu

A cikin al'adun gargajiya na flotation na sulfide ores, cyanide ana amfani dashi sosai azaman mai hanawa. Yana iya zaɓin hana wasu ma'adinan da ba'a so a cikin ma'adinan sulfide, don haka cimma rabuwar ma'adinan da aka yi niyya daga ma'adinan gangue. Amma bayan yawo, babban adadin cyanide zai mamaye saman ma'aunin sulfide. Bisa ga binciken da ya dace, a cikin wasu masu tattarawa, abun cikin cyanide a saman saman taman sulfide yana maida hankali bayan yin iyo zai iya kaiwa milligrams ɗari da yawa a kowace kilogiram.

hadura

Daga hangen nesa na fasaha, ragowar cyanide zai tsoma baki tare da tsarin narkewa na gaba. Misali, a lokacin da ake narkar da sinadarin sulfide na jan karfe, cyanide zai samar da hadaddiyar giyar da tagulla, wanda zai rage aikin narkewar tagulla da kuma kara yawan kuzari. Daga mahallin muhalli, cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai. Lokacin da aka fitar da wutsiya da ruwa mai dauke da cyanide a cikin yanayin halitta, zai gurɓata ruwa da ƙasa, yana jefa halittun ruwa cikin haɗari da ciyayi da ke kewaye, har ma suna yin barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam ta hanyar tsarin abinci.

Hanyoyin Cire Cyanide akan Filayen Ma'adinan Sulfide

Hanyar Oxidation

1.Chemical Oxidation Hanyar

• Tsarin: Yi amfani da oxidants masu ƙarfi don oxidize cyanide zuwa cikin ƙasa da abubuwa masu guba ko marasa guba. Abubuwan oxidants na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), da sauransu. Ɗaukar hydrogen peroxide a matsayin misali, ƙimar amsawarsa shine: (2CN+5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑+4H2O).

• Tsarin Aiki: Na farko, sanya ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfide wanda ke dauke da cyanide a cikin tanki mai amsawa kuma daidaita ƙimar pH na ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa kewayon da ya dace (yawanci, don hydrogen peroxide oxidation, ƙimar pH ya fi dacewa tsakanin 9 - 11). Sa'an nan kuma, sannu a hankali ƙara hydrogen peroxide bayani yayin motsawa don sa oxidant cikakken lamba kuma amsa tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Lokacin amsawa yawanci yakan kasance daga sa'o'i 1 - 3, kuma takamaiman lokacin ya dogara da ƙaddamarwar cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara da kaddarorin ma'adinai.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Saurin amsawa yana da sauri sauri, kuma tasirin cirewar cyanide yana da kyau, wanda zai iya rage yawan ƙwayar cyanide zuwa ƙananan ƙananan.

• disadvantages: Oxidants irin su hydrogen peroxide suna da tsada sosai, kuma oxidants mai wuce kima na iya yin tasiri a kan fa'idodi na gaba ko hanyoyin narkewa.

Hanyar Adsorption

1.Hanyar Adsorption Carbon Mai Kunnawa

• {a'ida: An kunna Carbon yana da babban yanki na musamman da kuma tsarin ramuka masu yawa, wanda zai iya shanye cyanide a samansa ta hanyar shaƙar jiki da sinadarai.

• Tsarin Aiki: .Ara Carbon aiki A zuba sinadarin cyanide a cikin ɓawon ma'adinan sulfide sannan a gauraya sosai domin ya sa sinadarin cyanide ɗin ya yi hulɗa sosai da sinadarin cyanide ɗin da ke cikin ɓawon. Lokacin shawa gabaɗaya yana tsakanin mintuna 30 zuwa awanni 2. Bayan shawa, a raba sinadarin carbon da aka kunna daga ɓawon ta hanyar tacewa ko wasu hanyoyi.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Aikin yana da sauƙi, kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau na adsorption akan ƙananan ƙananan cyanide. Ana iya sake haifar da carbon da aka kunna kuma a sake amfani dashi.

• disadvantages: Don haɓakar cyanide mai girma, ƙarfin adsorption yana iyakance, kuma rashin dacewa da maganin carbon da aka kunna ba zai haifar da gurɓataccen abu ba.

2.Ion - Musanya Resin Adsorption Hanyar

• {a'idaIon - resins na musanya sun ƙunshi takamaiman ƙungiyoyin aiki waɗanda zasu iya musanya tare da ions a cikin cyanide, ta haka ne ke tallata cyanide akan guduro.

• Tsarin Aiki: Load da ion - musanya resin cikin ginshiƙin musayar kuma sanya ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfide mai ɗauke da cyanide ya wuce ta ginshiƙin musayar. Sarrafa yawan kwararar ɓangaren litattafan almara don tabbatar da cewa cyanide ya yi musanya gaba ɗaya tare da guduro. Lokacin da resin ya cika da adsorption, yi amfani da takamaiman eluent don haɓakawa da sake haɓaka guduro.

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Yana da babban zaɓi na adsorption don cyanide kuma zai iya cimma ci gaba da aiki.

• disadvantages: Kudin resin yana da yawa, tsarin haɓaka yana da ɗan rikitarwa, kuma ana iya samar da ruwa mai sharar fage mai ɗauke da cyanide.

Wasu Hanyoyi

1.Acid - Hanyar Neutralization Base

• {a'ida: A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, cyanide zai fuskanci halayen hydrolysis a cikin yanayin acidic ko alkaline don samar da ƙananan abubuwa masu guba ko marasa guba. Alal misali, a cikin yanayin acidic, cyanide zai amsa tare da hydrogen ions don samar da hydrocyanic acid (HCN), wanda za'a iya cire shi ta hanyar canzawa; a cikin yanayin alkaline, cyanide hydrolyzes don samar da cyanate da sauran abubuwa.

• Tsarin Aiki: Idan acidic hydrolysis aka soma, sannu a hankali ƙara acidic mafita kamar tsarma sulfuric acid zuwa sulfide ore ɓangaren litattafan almara dauke da cyanide, daidaita pH darajar zuwa 2 - 4. sa'an nan aerate zuwa volatilize samar hydrocyanic acid. Idan an karɓi hydrolysis alkaline, ƙara abubuwan alkaline kamar sodium hydroxide, daidaita ƙimar pH zuwa 10 - 12. kuma amsa ga wani lokaci (gaba ɗaya 2 - 4 hours).

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Farashin yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma aikin yana da sauƙi.

• disadvantages: Acid hydrocyanic da aka samar a lokacin acidic hydrolysis yana da guba sosai kuma yana buƙatar matakan kariya; saurin amsawar alkaline hydrolysis yana jinkirin, kuma har yanzu ana iya samun ƙaramin adadin cyanide bayan jiyya.

Tsara Tsara Tsara don Cire Cyanide akan Filayen Ma'adinan Sulfide

Matakin Magani

1. Gyaran ɓangaren litattafan almara: Daidaita taro na ɓangaren litattafan almara na sulfide bayan yin iyo. Gabaɗaya, ana sarrafa ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara tsakanin 20% - 40% don magani na gaba. A lokaci guda, gano ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara don samar da tushe don ƙayyade sigogi na gaba.

2. Cire Najasa: Cire manyan ƙazantattun ƙwayoyin cuta da wasu daskararrun da aka dakatar a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara ta hanyar tacewa, lalatawa, da dai sauransu, don hana su shiga tsakani tare da hanyoyin jiyya na gaba.

Matakin Cirewa

1. Zaɓin Hanyar: Zaɓi hanyar cirewa da ta dace bisa ga dalilai kamar haɓakar cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, kaddarorin ma'adinai, farashin magani, da buƙatun kare muhalli. Alal misali, don high - maida hankali cyanide da lokuta inda kudin ba damuwa, da sinadaran Hanyar oxidation za a iya ba da fifiko; don ƙananan - maida hankali cyanide da muhalli - lokatai masu hankali, hanyar oxidation na nazarin halittu ko hanyar adsorption na iya zama mafi dacewa.

2. Tsarin Sarrafa Tsarin: Shan hydrogen peroxide oxidation a cikin Chemical oxidation Hanyar a matsayin misali, tsananin sarrafa adadin hydrogen peroxide da aka kara (yawanci ƙididdigewa bisa ga ƙididdigar cyanide da lissafin amsawa), zafin jiki na amsawa (gaba ɗaya 20 - 30 ℃), ƙimar pH (9 - 11), da saurin motsawa (100 - 300 juyi a minti daya) da sauran sigogi don tabbatar da ingantaccen amsawa.

Matsayin jiyya - Post

1. M - Rabewar Ruwa: Rarraba ɓangaren litattafan almara bayan cirewar cyanide ta hanyar tacewa, centrifugation, da dai sauransu don samun tsaftataccen ma'adinan sulfide tama da ruwan datti mai dauke da karamin adadin cyanide.

2. Rashin Tsabtace ruwa: A ci gaba da kula da ruwan sharar da aka raba don cika ka'idojin fitarwa na ƙasa. Ana iya amfani da oxidation na biyu, adsorption, da sauran hanyoyin don cire cyanide zurfi a cikin ruwan datti don tabbatar da fitar da lafiya.

Kammalawa

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don cire cyanide akan saman ores sulfide, kuma kowace hanya tana da fa'idodi da rashin amfani. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da mahimmancin abubuwa kamar kaddarorin ma'adinai, maida hankali na cyanide, farashin magani, da buƙatun kare muhalli don zaɓar hanyoyin da suka dace da tafiyar matakai. Tare da ƙara tsauraran buƙatun kariyar muhalli da ci gaba da fasaha na fasaha, haɓaka mafi inganci, abokantaka da muhalli, da ƙarancin farashi don kawar da cyanide a saman ma'aunin sulfide zai zama jagorar bincike a nan gaba. Ta hanyar ci gaba da inganta tsari, ana sa ran cimma sifili - fitarwa na cyanide a cikin fa'ida da tsarin narkewa na sulfide ores da haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa na masana'antar ƙarfe mara ƙarfe.