Cyanide Bans Around the Globe: Buɗe Labari

Gabatarwa

Cyanide, wani rukuni na sinadarai masu wari daban-daban kuma galibi ana kwatanta shi da "mai ɗaci" na almond, ya shahara saboda tsananin gubarsa. A cikin nau'ikansa daban-daban, kamar hydrogen cyanide (HCN), Sodium cyanide (NaCN), da potassium cyanide (KCN), yana da yuwuwar haifar da mummunar illa ga halittu masu rai cikin sauri da tsanani.

Rashin guba na cyanide ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ikonsa na rushe aikin al'ada na sel a matakin asali. Da zarar cikin jiki, cyanide yana ɗaure da atom ɗin ƙarfe a cikin cytochrome c oxidase, wani enzyme wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarkar jigilar lantarki a cikin sel. Wannan ɗaure da kyau yana dakatar da tsarin numfashi na salula, yana hana sel daga yin amfani da iskar oxygen don samar da makamashi a cikin hanyar ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Sakamakon haka, sel suna fama da yunwar kuzari kuma sun fara aiki ba daidai ba, wanda ke haifar da ɗimbin alamun alamun da za su iya ci gaba da sauri zuwa gazawar gabbai da mutuwa.

Tasirin cyanide ya wuce nisa fiye da damuwar lafiyar mutum. A cikin mahalli, cyanide - dauke da sharar gida daga hanyoyin masana'antu, musamman daga ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Lokacin da aka saki cikin ruwa, ko da a cikin ƙananan ƙididdiga, cyanide na iya zama mai mutuwa ga rayuwar ruwa. Misali, kawai 0.04 - 0.1 mg/L na cyanide ions (CN⁻) a cikin ruwa ya isa ya kashe kifi. Wannan ba wai kawai ya rushe yanayin yanayin ruwa ba har ma yana da tasiri ga masana'antar kamun kifi da ma'aunin yanayin gaba daya.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, kasancewar cyanide a cikin ƙasa na iya gurɓata ƙasar noma, yana shafar ci gaban shuka da yiwuwar shiga cikin sarkar abinci. Idan tsire-tsire sun sha cyanide daga ƙasa, zai iya taruwa a cikin kyallen jikinsu, kuma idan mutane ko dabbobi suka cinye, yana iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya.

Idan aka yi la’akari da manyan haɗarin da ke tattare da cyanide, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ƙasashe da yawa a duniya sun ɗauki matakai don hana ko daidaita amfani da shi, adanawa, da sufuri. Wadannan haramcin martani ne ga bukatar kare lafiyar jama'a, kiyaye muhalli, da tabbatar da dorewar makoma. A cikin sassan da ke gaba, za mu bincika hani daban-daban akan cyanide a duk duniya, dalilan da ke tattare da su, da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da masana'antu da masu ruwa da tsaki.

Kasashe da Cyanide Bans

Amirka ta Arewa

Amurka

A Amurka, batun amfani da cyanide wajen hakar ma'adinan ya kasance wani batu mai tsanani da ake tafka mahawara da daukar matakan da suka dace. Montana, alal misali, ta ɗauki tsayuwar daka akan amfani da cyanide wajen haƙar zinare. A cikin 1998. An amince da yunƙurin 137 na Cibiyar Bayar da Muhalli ta Montana. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da haramta amfani da sinadari don hakar zinare da kuma tulin tsibin iska a cikin jihar. Kotun kolin Montana ta kara tabbatar da cewa wannan haramcin bai saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka ba. Wannan shawarar babbar nasara ce ga masana muhalli da waɗanda suka damu game da yuwuwar tasirin muhalli da lafiya na ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na cyanide.

Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki a Colorado ya fi rikitarwa. Wasu larduna a Colorado, kamar Costilla, Gunnison, Conejos, da Gilpin, sun haramta haƙar ma'adinan cyanide da farko. Amma Kotun Koli ta Colorado, a cikin hukuncin da Hukumar Korafe-korafen Ma'adanai ta Colorado Mining Association, ta bayyana cewa yanki, a matsayin reshe na jiha, ba zai iya hana sinadarai da aka yarda da su a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ma'adinan Ma'adinai na Colorado ba. Dokar tarayya, wacce ta karfafa bincike, hako ma'adinai, da kuma fitar da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci, an ƙudura don ɗaukar fifiko kan dokokin gundumomi. Wannan yaƙin shari'a yana nuna tashin hankali tsakanin ƙoƙarin gida don kare muhalli daga haɗarin hakar ma'adinan cyanide da kuma manyan manufofin tarayya waɗanda ke da nufin haɓaka hako ma'adinai don ci gaban tattalin arziki.

South America

Argentina

Argentina ta ga wani faci na ƙa'idodi game da hakar ma'adinan cyanide a matakin lardi. A lardin Chubute, tun daga watan Agusta 5. 2003. An haramta hakar ma'adinan cyanide, buɗaɗɗen ramin rami, da hakar karafa. An sanya wannan haramcin ne don kare yanayin gida, saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na cyanide na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga tushen ruwa da ingancin ƙasa. Alal misali, sharar fasinja na cyanide daga haƙar ma'adinai na iya shiga cikin ruwa na ƙasa, yana gurɓata ruwa ga al'ummomin yankin da kuma cutar da ayyukan noma.

Lardin Rio Negro ya dauki irin wannan mataki a ranar 21 ga Yuli 2005. lokacin da ya haramta amfani da cyanide a cikin hakar, haɓaka, da masana'antu na karafa. A lardin Tucuman, tun daga Afrilu 20. 2007. An dakatar da hakar ma'adinan cyanide, buɗaɗɗen ramin rami, da hakar ƙarfe. Mendoza ya bi sahun Yuni 20. 2007. haramta amfani da cyanide a gano karfe, bincike, ci gaba, da masana'antu. Lardin La Pampa, a ranar 16 ga Agusta 2007. An haramta buɗewa - hakar ma'adinan rami, hakar karfe, da amfani da cyanide don bincike, haɓakawa, hakar, da adana karafa. Lardin Cordoba, a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2008. Har ila yau, ya sanya takunkumi kan buda-bakin hako ma'adinai, hakar karfe, da kuma amfani da cyanide don ayyukan da ke da alaƙa.

Sai dai yanayin lardin Rioha ya dan bambanta. Da farko ta haramta amfani da cyanide don hako karafa a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2007. amma an dage wannan haramcin a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2008. Dalilan ɗagawa na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da la'akari da tattalin arziki, kamar yuwuwar haɓaka tattalin arzikin cikin gida daga ayyukan hakar karafa. Amma wannan sauyin ya kuma haifar da damuwa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin muhalli game da yuwuwar gurɓacewar muhalli da ka iya biyo bayan sake dawo da haƙar ma'adinan cyanide.

Costa Rica

A cikin 2002. Costa Rica ta yanke shawara mai mahimmanci don dakatar da buɗe ma'adinan cyanide leaching. Wannan matakin dai na daga cikin kokarin da kasar ke yi na kare muhallin da take da shi. An san Costa Rica da bambancin halittu, kuma hakar ma'adinai na cyanide, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da cyanide don hako zinari da sauran karafa daga tama, ana kallonsa a matsayin barazana ga wannan gada ta halitta. Dakatar da aka yi da nufin hana yuwuwar gurbatar ruwa, kamar yadda cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha daga ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na iya zama mai guba ga rayuwar ruwa. Har ila yau, da nufin kare lafiyar al'ummomin yankin, saboda kamuwa da cyanide na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiya.

Turai

Czech Republic

A shekara ta 2002. Majalisar Czech ta yanke shawara mai karfi don hana leaching cyanide na zinari. Wannan shawarar ta kasance martani ne ga karuwar damuwa game da haɗarin muhalli da lafiya da ke tattare da hakar zinari na tushen cyanide. Leaching cyanide na zinariya ya ƙunshi amfani da maganin cyanide don narkar da zinariya daga tama, kuma tsarin zai iya haifar da adadi mai yawa na sharar gida. Ta hanyar hana wannan hanyar, Jamhuriyar Czech ta yi niyya don kiyaye tushen ruwanta, ingancin ƙasa, da kuma kasancewar 'yan ƙasa. Wannan haramcin ya kuma aike da sako mai karfi game da jajircewar kasar wajen kare muhalli ta fuskar illolin da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ke yi.

Jamus

A cikin 2006. Jamus ta ɗauki mataki don rage tasirin muhalli na hakar ma'adinai ta hanyar rage yawan adadin cyanide a hankali a cikin haƙar ma'adinai. Wannan hanya ta kasance mafi auna idan aka kwatanta da haramtacciyar hanya. Wataƙila raguwar amfani da cyanide ya faru ne sakamakon daidaito tsakanin mahimmancin tattalin arziki na masana'antar hakar ma'adinai a Jamus da buƙatar kare muhalli. Ta hanyar rage yawan amfani da cyanide a hankali, gwamnatin Jamus ta yi niyyar baiwa masana'antar hakar ma'adinan lokaci don daidaitawa da nemo madadin hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai. Wannan na iya haɗawa da saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da haɓaka sabbin fasahohin da za su iya cimma sakamako iri ɗaya ba tare da amfani da babban adadin cyanide ba.

Hungary

A cikin Disamba 2009. Majalisar Hungarian, a cikin yakin da kungiyar Hungarian Cyanide - Free Association ta shirya, ta kada kuri'a don dakatar da hakar ma'adinan cyanide gaba daya. Wannan haramcin babbar nasara ce ga masu fafutukar kare muhalli da lafiya. Ma'adinan Cyanide ya kasance abin damuwa a Hungary saboda yuwuwar malalar cyanide, wanda ka iya yin illa ga magudanan ruwa da muhallin kasar. Baia Mare cyanide na shekarar 2000 ya malalo a makwabciyar kasar Romania, inda ruwan dattin cyanide ya malala cikin kogin Danube da Tisza, lamarin da ya haifar da barna mai yawa a cikin muhalli, mai yiwuwa ya zama farkawa ga Hungary. Zubewar ta yi nisa - mai kaiwa ga rayuwar ruwa, masana'antar kamun kifi, da kuma yanayin rayuwa gaba daya a yankunan da abin ya shafa. Haramcin da Hungary ta yi wani mataki ne na kariya don kaucewa irin wannan bala'i a cikin iyakokinta.

Tarayyar Turai

A shekara ta 2010. Majalisar Turai ta dauki matsaya kan hakar cyanide ta hanyar jefa kuri'a don neman Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta kafa dokar hana fitar da cyanide gaba daya. Sai dai hukumar ta ki ba da shawarar kafa doka. A cewar mutanen da ke da masaniya kan lamarin, babban dalilin da ya sa aka ki amincewa da hakan shi ne damuwa da cewa hana hakar gwal na cyanide a Turai zai yi mummunan tasiri ga ayyukan yi. Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, musamman a yankunan da ake yawan hakar zinari na cyanide, yana ba da damar yin aiki ga mutane da yawa. Dole ne hukumar ta auna fa'idodin muhalli na haramcin cyanide akan illar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na asarar ayyuka. Wannan shawarar ta haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin masu kula da muhalli, wadanda suka ga akwai bukatar a hana su kare muhalli, da wadanda ke cikin masana'antar da wasu masu tsara manufofin da suka fi damuwa da tasirin tattalin arziki.

Asia

Turkiya

A shekara ta 2007. Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya, bisa la'akari da sashi na 56 na kundin tsarin mulkin Turkiyya, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan "Kare 'yancin mutane na rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai kyau," ta yanke shawarar hana hakar ma'adinan cyanide. Wannan matakin dai wata alama ce da ke nuna aniyar Turkiyya na kare lafiyar 'yan kasarta da muhalli. Ana ganin hakar ma'adinan Cyanide, tare da yuwuwar sa na gurɓata maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ƙasa, ana kallonta a matsayin barazana kai tsaye ga lafiyayyen yanayi da tsarin mulki ke da nufin kiyayewa. Ta hanyar hana hakar ma'adinan cyanide, Turkiyya na da nufin hana lalata albarkatun kasa da kuma tabbatar da muhallin zaman lafiya ga al'ummomi masu zuwa.

Amurka ta tsakiya

El Salvador

A wani mataki na gaba-gaba, El Salvador, wata ƙasa ta Tsakiyar Amurka, ta haramta duk wani nau'in haƙar ƙarfe a yankinta. A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2017, majalisar dokokin El Salvador ta kaɗa ƙuri'a, kuma an amince da cikakken haramcin hakar ƙarfe tare da goyon bayan mambobi 70 na jam'iyyu daban-daban. Wannan haramcin na nufin cewa duk wani bincike na ƙarfe, tacewa, da sarrafawa, ko a ƙasa ko a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, an haramta shi. Tare da wannan, an kuma haramta sinadarai masu guba kamar cyanide da MERCURY . Haramcin martani ne ga matsalolin muhalli da zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da hakar ƙarfe. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a El Salvador na da yuwuwar haifar da sare dazuzzuka, gurɓatar ruwa, da tashin hankali na zamantakewa. Ta hanyar hana duk wani haƙar ƙarfe, El Salvador ta yi niyyar kare muhallinta na halitta, tushen ruwa, da haƙƙin al'ummomin yankin.

Dalilan Da Ke Bayan Bans

Damuwar muhalli

Cyanide yana haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli, kuma wannan shine dalili na farko na aiwatar da haramcin a kasashe da yawa. Daya daga cikin mafi gaggawa da bayyane tasirin cyanide shine akan jikunan ruwa. Lokacin da cyanide - wanda ya ƙunshi sharar gida aka saki cikin koguna, tafkuna, ko ruwan ƙasa, yana iya haifar da bala'i a kan halittun ruwa. Misali, a cikin shekarar 2000 na Baia Mare cyanide a Romania, gazawar dam din wutsiya a wata ma'adinan zinari ya fitar da ruwa mai yawa na cyanide - wanda aka lika a cikin kogin Tisza da Danube. Yawan adadin cyanide a cikin ruwa ya haifar da mutuwar kifaye masu yawa da sauran halittun ruwa. Zubewar ba wai kawai ta shafi masana'antar kamun kifi na cikin gida ba ne, har ma tana da sakamako na dogon lokaci ga nau'ikan koguna.

Baya ga gurbatar ruwa, cyanide kuma na iya gurɓata ƙasa. Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da ke amfani da cyanide sukan haifar da adadi mai yawa, wanda aka sani da wutsiya, wanda ya ƙunshi ragowar cyanide. Lokacin da ba a sarrafa waɗannan wutsiya da kyau ba, cyanide na iya shiga cikin ƙasa. Da zarar a cikin ƙasa, cyanide zai iya hana ci gaban shuke-shuke ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa. Hakanan za'a iya ɗauka da tsire-tsire, sannan su shiga cikin sarkar abinci. Wannan tarin cyanide a cikin sarkar abinci na iya samun sakamako mai nisa ga namun daji da na mutane. Misali, idan ciyawar ciyawa ta cinye tsire-tsire da suka gurɓace da cyanide, za su iya fama da matsalolin lafiya, sa'an nan kuma za a iya ba da cyanide ga namun daji masu cin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire.

Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya

Gubar cyanide ga lafiyar ɗan adam an rubuta shi sosai kuma shine babban abin da ke haifar da haramcin duniya. Cyanide mai ƙarfi ne mai hana numfashi ta salula. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, yana ɗaure zuwa cytochrome c oxidase, wani enzyme mai mahimmanci ga sarkar jigilar lantarki a cikin sel. Ta hanyar toshe wannan enzyme, cyanide yana hana sel yin amfani da iskar oxygen don samar da makamashi, wanda ke haifar da yanayin da aka sani da asphyxiation na salula.

A cikin gubar cyanide mai tsanani, alamun na iya zama da sauri da tsanani. Alamomin farko na iya haɗawa da ciwon kai, jiri, tashin zuciya, da amai. Yayin da gubar ke ci gaba, alamu masu tsanani kamar numfashi da sauri, ciwon ƙirji, da ruɗani na iya faruwa. A cikin mawuyacin hali, gubar cyanide na iya haifar da asarar sani, farfadiya, da kuma mutuwa a ƙarshe. Yawan cyanide mai kisa na iya bambanta dangane da abubuwa kamar siffar cyanide, hanyar fallasa (shaƙa, shan ruwa, ko taɓa fata), da nauyin jikin mutum da lafiyarsa gaba ɗaya. Misali, ana kiyasta cewa kashi na hydrogen cyanide mai kisa ta baki yana kusan 50 - 100 MG, yayin da kashi na Sodium Cyanide mai kisa shine kimanin 1 - 2 MG/kg na nauyin jiki.

Bayyanuwa na yau da kullun ga ƙananan matakan cyanide kuma na iya samun tasirin lafiya na dogon lokaci. Zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga tsarin mai juyayi, yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su rauni, rashin ƙarfi, da wahala a cikin haɗin kai. Hakanan akwai damuwa game da yuwuwar tasirin cutar sankara na bayyanar cyanide na dogon lokaci. Wasu nazarin sun ba da shawarar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bayyanar cyanide na yau da kullum da kuma ƙara yawan haɗarin wasu nau'in ciwon daji, ko da yake ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kafa haɗin gwiwa.

Matsalolin zamantakewa da al'umma

Damuwar al'ummomin yankunan da tasirin muhalli da kungiyoyin adalci na zamantakewa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sa gwamnatoci su hana cyanide. A wurare da yawa inda masana'antu na tushen cyanide ke aiki, kamar ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, mazauna yankin suna sane da haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsu da muhallinsu. Sau da yawa sukan ji tsoron sakamakon zubewar cyanide ko kuma tasirin rayuwa na dogon lokaci na zama a yankin da ke da yawan gurɓatar cyanide.

Misali, a cikin al'ummomi da ke kusa da ma'adinan zinari da ke amfani da cyanide don hakowa, mazauna za su iya damuwa game da ingancin ruwan sha, kare lafiyar 'ya'yansu da ke wasa a waje, da kuma tasirin aikin gonakinsu. Wadannan damuwa na iya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka shirya, koke-koke, da gangamin jama'a na neman matakin gwamnati na hana ko daidaita amfani da cyanide.

Ƙungiyoyin muhalli kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da illolin cyanide da bayar da shawarwari game da haramci. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna gudanar da bincike, buga rahotanni, da kuma shiga cikin wayar da kan jama'a don ilimantar da jama'a game da haɗarin muhalli da lafiya da ke tattare da cyanide. Suna kuma ba wa gwamnatoci da hukumomin kasa-da-kasa damar aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idoji ko haramci kan cyanide. Yunkurin da suka yi ya taka rawar gani wajen kawo batun cyanide a gaban jama'a da na siyasa, wanda ya kai ga daukar matakin haramtawa a kasashe da dama.

Tasirin Bans

Kan Masana'antar Ma'adinai

Haramcin da aka yi kan cyanide ya yi tasiri sosai a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. Ga kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai da suka dade sun dogara da hanyoyin hako cyanide, musamman wajen hakar gwal, haramcin ya haifar da gagarumin kalubale. Yanzu suna fuskantar buƙatar ko dai su canza tsarin hakowar su gaba ɗaya ko kuma nemo madadin sinadarai don maye gurbin cyanide.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen shine tsadar tsadar da ke tattare da sauyi. Haɓaka da aiwatar da sabbin fasahohin hakar sau da yawa yana buƙatar saka hannun jari mai yawa a cikin bincike da haɓakawa, da kuma cikin sabbin kayan aiki da ababen more rayuwa. Misali, wasu kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suna binciken amfani da madadin leaching jamiái kamar thiosulfate ko bromide. Koyaya, waɗannan madadin hanyoyin bazai zama masu inganci kamar tsarin tushen cyanide ba a wasu lokuta, kuma suna iya buƙatar yanayin aiki daban-daban da kayan aiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suna buƙatar saka hannun jari don horar da ma'aikatansu don sarrafa sabbin kayan aiki da fahimtar sabbin hanyoyin.

Bugu da kari, haramcin na iya haifar da koma baya na wucin gadi a ayyukan hakar ma'adinai yayin da kamfanoni ke daidaita sabbin ka'idoji. A cikin wannan lokacin miƙa mulki, ana iya rage yawan samarwa, wanda zai iya yin tasiri kai tsaye ga kudaden shiga na kamfanin. Wasu ƙananan kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya fuskantar haɗarin fita kasuwanci idan ba za su iya biyan kuɗin da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi ba.

Koyaya, haramcin kuma yana ba da dama ga masana'antar hakar ma'adinai don ƙirƙira. Matsin lamba don nemo wasu hanyoyin hakowa ya haifar da bincike da ci gaba a fagen. Yawancin jami'o'i, cibiyoyin bincike, da kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai yanzu suna aiki tare don haɓaka ƙarin fasahohin hakar ma'adinai masu dacewa da muhalli. Wadannan sabbin fasahohin ba wai kawai rage tasirin muhalli na hakar ma'adinai ba ne amma kuma suna da damar inganta inganci da ribar ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a cikin dogon lokaci. Misali, wasu sabbin hanyoyin hakowa na iya samun damar fitar da karafa da zabi, rage yawan sharar da ake samarwa da kuma kara yawan amfanin aikin hakar ma'adinai.

Akan Tattalin Arziki

Tasirin tattalin arziki na banban cyanide biyu ne - ninka. A yankunan da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta kasance wani muhimmin bangare na tattalin arzikin gida, haramcin na iya haifar da rushewar tattalin arziki da farko. Misali, a wasu kananan garuruwa a kasar Argentina inda hako ma'adinai na cyanide shine babban masana'antu, haramcin ya haifar da asarar ayyukan yi yayin da ma'adinan na iya rage ayyukansu ko kuma rufe su. Wannan ya yi tasiri ga tattalin arziƙin gida, wanda ya shafi kasuwanci kamar gidajen abinci, shaguna, da masu ba da sabis waɗanda suka dogara ga samun kuɗin shiga na masu hakar ma'adinai.

Hani kuma na iya yin tasiri ga faffadan tattalin arziki ta fuskar wadata da bukatar karafa. Idan aka samu raguwar samar da wasu karafa kamar zinari saboda rashin iya amfani da sinadarin cyanide wajen hakowa, samar da wadannan karafa a kasuwa na iya raguwa. Hakan na iya haifar da hauhawar farashin karafa, wanda zai iya yin tasiri ga masana'antu daban-daban da ke amfani da wadannan karafa a matsayin kayan masarufi. Alal misali, masana'antun kayan ado, wanda shine babban mabukaci na zinari, na iya fuskantar farashi mafi girma idan farashin zinariya ya karu saboda wadata - ƙuntataccen gefe.

A gefe guda kuma, haramcin ya kuma haifar da damar ci gaban sauran sassa. Bukatar madadin fasahohin hakar da sabis na gyara muhalli ya haifar da haɓaka sabbin masana'antu. Kamfanonin da suka ƙware wajen haɓakawa da samar da hanyoyin da ba na cyanide ba, da kuma waɗanda ke da hannu wajen magancewa da zubar da sharar ma'adanai ta hanyar da ba ta dace da muhalli ba, suna ganin ƙarin buƙatun samfuransu da ayyukansu. Wannan yana da yuwuwar samar da sabbin ayyukan yi da zaburar da ci gaban tattalin arziki a wadannan sassa masu tasowa. Misali, kamfanonin da ke ba da fasahohin leaching a matsayin madadin hakar tushen cyanide suna ƙara yin fice, kuma suna ɗaukar masana kimiyya, injiniyoyi, da masu fasaha don haɓakawa da aiwatar da waɗannan fasahohin.

Akan Muhalli da Lafiyar Jama'a

Hana kan cyanide ya yi tasiri sosai ga muhalli da lafiyar jama'a. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, cyanide yana da guba sosai kuma yana iya haifar da babbar illa ga muhalli idan ba a sarrafa shi da kyau ba. Ta hanyar hana amfani da shi wajen hakar ma'adinai da sauran masana'antu, haɗarin gurɓataccen ƙwayar cyanide ya ragu sosai.

Dangane da ingancin ruwa, haramcin ya taimaka wajen kare rafuka, tafkuna, da maɓuɓɓugar ruwan ƙasa daga gurɓacewar cyanide. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye lafiyar muhallin ruwa da kuma tabbatar da samar da ingantaccen ruwan sha ga al'ummomin yankin. Alal misali, a ƙasashe irin su Costa Rica da Jamhuriyar Czech, inda aka daɗe ana amfani da haramcin cyanide, an sami ci gaba sosai a ingancin ruwan da ke kusa da ruwa. Rayuwar ruwa, kamar kifaye da masu amphibians, ba sa cikin haɗarin guba ta hanyar ruwan dattin cyanide, kuma gabaɗayan nau'ikan halittun waɗannan halittun sun fara murmurewa.

Haramcin kuma yana taimakawa wajen kare ingancin ƙasa. Tare da ƙarancin amfani da cyanide wajen hakar ma'adinai, ana samun raguwar haɗarin leaching cyanide cikin ƙasa da gurɓata ƙasar noma. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye haifuwar ƙasa da tabbatar da amincin amfanin gonakin abinci. Bugu da ƙari, raguwar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska mai alaƙa yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ingancin iska, kamar yadda cyanide kuma za'a iya saki a cikin iska a wasu hanyoyin masana'antu. Ta hanyar kawar da ko rage amfani da cyanide, adadin gurɓataccen iska yana raguwa, wanda ke da amfani ga lafiyar numfashi na jama'ar gida.

Gabaɗaya, haramcin cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye muhalli da lafiyar jama'a, kuma muhimmin mataki ne na samun ci gaba mai dorewa.

Madadin zuwa Cyanide

Dangane da karuwar damuwa game da amfani da cyanide, musamman a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, an samar da hanyoyi da yawa. Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan suna ba da ingantacciyar hanyar dorewa da haɓakar muhalli don hakar ƙarfe.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su shine amfani da sinadaran Zinare masu laushi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da muhalli . An tsara waɗannan sinadaran don maye gurbin cyanide a cikin tsarin haƙar zinare ba tare da buƙatar canza tsarin asali da kayan aiki sosai ba. Misali, wasu daga cikin waɗannan sinadaran an gina su ne akan thiosulfate, wanda aka nuna a matsayin madadin cyanide mai tasiri a wasu nau'ikan ma'adanai na zinariya. Magungunan haƙar zinare waɗanda aka yi da thiosulfate suna da fa'idodi da yawa. Ba su da guba fiye da cyanide, wanda ke nufin cewa haɗarin gurɓatar muhalli da cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam ya ragu sosai. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya zaɓar su wajen haƙar zinare, wanda ke rage yawan sharar da ake samarwa yayin haƙar zinare.

Wani madadin shine amfani da dabarun leaching. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi, don fitar da karafa daga ma'adinai. Kwayoyin halitta suna karya ma'adinan kuma su saki karafa, wanda za'a iya dawo dasu. Bio-leaching tsari ne na halitta kuma mai dorewa wanda ke da ƙarancin tasirin muhalli. Ba ya buƙatar amfani da sinadarai masu guba kamar cyanide, kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi a ƙananan yanayin zafi da matsi. Koyaya, leaching bio-leaching tsari ne mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da hakar tushen cyanide, kuma maiyuwa bazai dace da kowane nau'in ma'adinai ba.

Haɓakawa da amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin ba wai kawai magance matsalolin muhalli da aminci da ke da alaƙa da cyanide ba amma har ma sun buɗe sabbin damammaki ga masana'antar hakar ma'adinai don yin aiki cikin tsari mai dorewa da alhaki. Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba da ci gaba, za mu iya tsammanin ganin mafi inganci da tsada - ingantattun hanyoyin maye gurbin cyanide na fitowa nan gaba.

Kammalawa

Haramcin da aka yi a duniya kan cyanide yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki na samun ci gaba mai dorewa da aminci. Sakamakon matsalolin muhalli, haɗarin kiwon lafiya, da matsi na zamantakewa, waɗannan haramcin sun yi tasiri mai nisa a fannoni daban-daban na al'umma.

Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, wacce ta dade tana amfani da sinadarin cyanide, ta fuskanci kalubale wajen daidaitawa da haramcin. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙalubalen kuma sun haifar da ƙirƙira, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka wasu hanyoyin hakowa da fasaha. Waɗannan hanyoyin ba wai kawai rage haɗarin muhalli da lafiyar lafiyar da ke tattare da cyanide ba amma suna ba da yuwuwar inganta ayyukan hakar ma'adinai masu dorewa a cikin dogon lokaci.

Tasirin tattalin arzikin haramcin yana da sarkakiya, tare da rugujewar gajeren lokaci da dama na dogon lokaci. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yankunan da suka dogara da masana'antu na cyanide na iya fuskantar asarar ayyuka da koma bayan tattalin arziki. Amma a cikin dogon lokaci, ci gaban sabbin masana'antu da ke mai da hankali kan haɓakawa da samar da hanyoyin magance wasu za su iya haifar da sabbin ayyukan yi da haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki.

Mafi mahimmanci, haramcin ya yi tasiri mai kyau ga muhalli da lafiyar jama'a. Ta hanyar rage amfani da cyanide, haɗarin gurɓataccen muhalli, kamar gurɓataccen ruwa da ƙasa, ya ragu sosai. Wannan, bi da bi, yana taimakawa wajen kare lafiyar al'ummomin gida da kuma kula da daidaiton yanayin muhalli.

Yayin da muke ci gaba, yana da mahimmanci ga masana'antu su ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da ci gaba don samun ƙarin dorewa da ingantattun hanyoyin maye gurbin cyanide. Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da haramcin, da inganta amfani da wasu fasahohin zamani, da tabbatar da kiyaye muhalli da lafiyar jama'a.

Labarin haramcin cyanide a duk duniya shaida ce ga ƙarfin aiki tare wajen magance ƙalubalen muhalli da kiwon lafiya. Ya nuna cewa ta hanyar fahimtar haɗarin da ke tattare da wasu abubuwa da kuma ɗaukar matakan da suka dace, za mu iya samar da makoma mai dorewa da wadata ga kanmu da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa.