Haɗin Zinare na Cyanidation: Zurfafa Nitsewa cikin Tsarin Cyanidation na tashin hankali

A fannin hakar zinare, cyanidation ya rike babban matsayi sama da karni daya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 1887 don hakar ma'adinan zinari da azurfa, wannan hanya ta ci gaba da bunkasa, ta kasance daya daga cikin dabarun da aka fi amfani da su saboda yawan farfadowarta, da daidaitawa da nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban, da yuwuwar samar da gida.

1. Fahimtar Cyanidation a cikin Haɗin Zinare

Cyanidation wani tsari ne na sinadarai wanda ke amfani da ikon ions na cyanide don samar da hadaddun abubuwa masu narkewa tare da zinariya. A gaban iskar oxygen da ruwa, ions na cyanide suna amsawa tare da kwayoyin halitta na zinariya. Wannan amsawar tana haifar da ƙirƙirar mahaɗin narkewa inda zinare ke haɗuwa da ions na cyanide, wanda ke ba da damar zinare ya narke a cikin maganin. Duk da cewa wannan tsari yana da tasiri sosai wajen fitar da zinare, yana kuma kawo manyan matsalolin muhalli da aminci saboda cyanide abu ne mai guba.

2. Nau'in Hanyoyin Cyanidation

Hanyoyin Cyanidation za a iya rarraba su zuwa manyan nau'i biyu: cyanidation agitation da percolation cyanidation.

• Hawan jini : Ana amfani da wannan hanyar ne musamman don magance tarin zinare na flotation ko kuma a cikin dukkan yanayi na slime cyanidation. Ya ƙunshi haɗa ɓangaren ma'adinan da maganin cyanide sosai. Ta hanyar yin hakan, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da zinare a cikin ma'adinan sun haɗu sosai da ions na cyanide, wanda ke sauƙaƙa fitar da zinare.

• Rage ...

3. Agitation Cyanidation Zinariya Tsari Tsari

Tsarin fitar da Cyanidation Gold daga hayaniya ya ƙunshi manyan matakai guda biyu: tsarin maye gurbin cyanidation - zinc da kuma tsarin cyanidation mara tacewa Tsarin carbon slurry.

3.1 Cyanidation - Tsarin Maye gurbin Zinc (Hanyoyin CCD da CCF)

• Shirye-shiryen Zubar da Kayayyaki : Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi shirya ma'adinan don aikin zubar da ruwa. Wannan sau da yawa ya haɗa da niƙa ma'adinan zuwa ƙananan guntu sannan a niƙa shi zuwa daidaito mai kyau. A wasu lokuta, ana kuma yin magani kafin a fara amfani da shi don sanya ƙwayoyin zinare a cikin ma'adinan su sami sauƙin shiga. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar ɓawon burodi mai girman barbashi mafi kyau, wanda ke haɓaka kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin ma'adinan da maganin cyanide.

• Tashin Hankali : Daga nan sai a mayar da ɓangaren ma'adinai da aka shirya zuwa tankunan tayar da hankali, inda aka ƙara ruwan cyanide. Waɗannan tankunan suna da abubuwan tayar da hankali waɗanda ke riƙe ɓangaren ma'adinan da ruwan cyanide sosai - a gauraye. Ana shigar da iskar oxygen cikin tankunan, ko dai ta hanyar iskar shaka ko kuma ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai masu hana iskar shaka. Wannan iskar oxygen yana taimakawa wajen haifar da sinadaran da ke narkar da zinare a cikin ruwan cyanide.

• Wankewar Wutar Lantarki Don Rabawa Mai Tauri - Rabawar Ruwa : Bayan tsarin fitar da ruwa, sinadarin da aka samar ya ƙunshi ragowar datti da kuma wani lokaci na ruwa da aka sani da maganin ciki, wanda ya ƙunshi zinare mai narkewa. Don raba waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu, ana amfani da jerin masu kauri ko matattara a cikin tsarin wankewa na hana wuta. Ana amfani da hanyoyi kamar Mai Ci gaba da Kashe Wuta - Mai Ci gaba da Kashe Wuta (CCD) ko Mai Ci gaba da Kashe Wuta (CCF) don dawo da mafi yawan maganin da ke ɗauke da zinare gwargwadon iko yayin da ake rage yawan zinaren da aka rasa tare da ragowar datti.

• Tsarkakewar Ruwan da ke Zubar da Ruwa da kuma Shakar Iska : Maganin da aka samu daga matakin rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi na iya ƙunsar datti da kuma iskar oxygen da aka narkar. Ana aiwatar da hanyoyin tsarkakewa don cire daskararrun da aka dakatar da su da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa waɗanda za su iya kawo cikas ga tsarin dawo da zinare na gaba. Shakar iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci saboda iskar oxygen na iya haifar da sake shakar iskar oxygen na mahaɗin zinare, wanda ke rage tasirin maye gurbin zinc da ke biyo baya.

• Sauya Foda Zinc (Silk) da Tsaftace : Ana ƙara foda na zinc ko siliki na zinc a cikin ruwan da aka tsarkake kuma aka cire shi daga oxidized. Zinc ya fi zinare amsawa, don haka yana fitar da zinare daga mahaɗin da aka samar yayin aikin cirewa. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar wani abu mai ƙarfi wanda ke ɗauke da zinare da zinc, wanda aka fi sani da laka ta zinare. Bayan maye gurbin, yawanci ana yi wa laka ta zinare magani da maganin acid don cire duk wani sinadarin zinc da ya wuce kima da sauran ƙazanta.

• Narkewar Ƙwayoyin Halitta : Mataki na ƙarshe na tsarin maye gurbin cyanidation - zinc shine a narkar da laka ta zinariya don samar da ƙurar zinariya tsantsa. Ana narkar da laka ta zinariya a yanayin zafi mai yawa a cikin tanderu, kuma ta hanyar jerin matakan tsaftacewa, ana cire sauran ƙazanta, suna samar da ƙurar zinariya mai tsarki.

3.2 Tsarin Cyanidation Carbon Slurry Process (Hanyoyin CIP da CIL)

• Shirye-shiryen Kayan Leaching : Kamar tsarin maye gurbin cyanidation - zinc, aiki na farko shine shirya ma'adinan don leaching. Wannan yana buƙatar rage ma'adinan zuwa girman barbashi mai dacewa ta hanyar niƙawa da niƙa.

• Fitar da hayaki da kuma Shakar Carbon ta Hanyar Kariya daga Harkar Wutar Lantarki : A cikin hanyar Carbon - in - Pulp (CIP), tsarin fitar da hayaki na cyanide yana faruwa ne da farko a cikin jerin tankunan tayar da hankali. Da zarar zinare ya narke cikin maganin, ana ƙara Carbon Mai Aiki a cikin bawon. Carbon Mai Aiki yana da ƙarfi ga mahaɗin zinare - cyanide kuma yana shakar zinare da aka narkar a saman sa. A cikin hanyar Carbon - in - Leach (CIL), ana ƙara carbon mai kunnawa a cikin tankin fitar da hayaki a lokaci guda tare da maganin cyanide, don haka hanyoyin fitar da hayaki da shaka suna faruwa a lokaci guda. A cikin CIP da CIL, ana kiyaye kwararar carbon da bawon da bawon da bawon da bawon da bawon da bawon da ke ciki don ƙara yawan zinare da carbon ke sha.

• Zubar da Carbon Mai Yawan Zinare : Bayan an yi amfani da sinadarin sha, ana buƙatar a raba sinadarin carbon mai nauyin zinare da ɓangaren litattafan. Sannan, ana cire zinaren daga carbon ta amfani da maganin caustic mai zafi. Wannan maganin yana karya alaƙar da ke tsakanin sinadarin cyanide na zinare da kuma carbon, yana sake fitar da zinaren zuwa cikin maganin.

• Electrowinning Electrolysis : Maganin da aka samu daga tsarin desorption yana yin amfani da electrowinning. A lokacin wannan tsari, ana wucewa da wutar lantarki ta cikin maganin. Wannan yana sa ions na zinariya da ke cikin maganin su ragu su kuma zuba su a kan cathode, wanda hakan ke samar da tarin zinariya mai ƙarfi wanda za a iya ƙara tacewa.

• Narkewar Zinare : Zinaren da aka samu daga amfani da na'urar lantarki yana da tsabta amma har yanzu yana iya ƙunsar wasu ƙazanta. Ana yin narkewa don ƙara tsarkake zinaren sannan a jefa shi cikin ingots na tsarkin da ake so.

• Farfado da Carbon : Ana iya sake farfado da carbon da aka kashe bayan an cire zinaren daga cikinsa, sannan a sake amfani da shi. Wannan ya ƙunshi sanya carbon ɗin a cikin zafin jiki mai zafi don kawar da duk wani datti da ya shiga cikinsa da kuma dawo da ikonsa na shanye zinaren.

4. Kwatanta Tsarin CIP da CIL

• Tsawon Lokacin Aiki : Gabaɗaya, tsarin CIP yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo idan aka kwatanta da CIL. Wannan saboda a cikin CIP, cirewar da sharar suna aiki daban-daban. A cikin CIL, tunda cirewar da sharar suna faruwa a lokaci guda, ana iya kammala dukkan tsarin cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Duk da haka, tsarin CIL yana buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa yayin da duka hanyoyin biyu ke faruwa a lokaci guda.

• Gudanar da Carbon da Slurry : A cikin tsarin CIL, akwai babban adadin carbon a cikin zagayawa, kuma yawan carbon a cikin slurry ya yi ƙasa da na CIP. Sakamakon haka, yawan slurry da ake buƙatar jigilar shi don canja wurin carbon a cikin CIL yawanci ya ninka na CIP sau da yawa (kusan sau huɗu). Wannan yana da tasiri kan girman kayan aiki da amfani da makamashi.

• Batun Karfe da Matsayin Zinare a Maganin : A cikin tsarin CIP, akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙarfe da ya rage a cikin tsarin (batun ƙarfe), kuma wannan ƙarfen yana rarraba daidai gwargwado tsakanin carbon da aka kunna da maganin. A cikin CIL, yawancin ƙarfen ana haɗa shi da carbon da aka kunna. Bugu da ƙari, yawan zinare a cikin maganin a cikin tsarin CIL ya fi na CIP. Wannan saboda a cikin CIL, yayin da ake leƙa zinare, ana kuma haɗa shi akai-akai, wanda ke sake cika zinaren da aka narke a cikin maganin. A cikin CIP, a gefe guda, tsari ne na shaƙatawa mataki ɗaya tare da iyakancewar sake cika zinaren da aka narke.

5. La'akarin Muhalli da Tsaro

Duk da ingancinsa, cyanidation, musamman agitation cyanidation, yana gabatar da manyan haɗarin muhalli da aminci. Cyanide yana da guba sosai, kuma duk wani yatsa ko rashin kulawa zai iya haifar da mummunar gurɓataccen muhalli kuma yana yin barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Don magance waɗannan haɗari, ayyukan hakar gwal suna bin ƙa'idodin aminci. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ajiya mai kyau da sarrafa cyanide, shigar da tsarin ɗaukar hoto don hana yaɗuwa, da kuma kula da cyanide - mai ɗauke da ruwa mai datti. Bugu da ƙari, bincike mai gudana yana nufin haɓaka madadin, ƙananan abubuwan leaching masu guba don maye gurbin cyanide a cikin hakar zinariya.

6. Kammalawa

Cyanidation tashin hankali yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal na zamani, yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙimar zinari mai girma daga nau'ikan tama iri-iri. Manyan ƙananan matakai guda biyu, cyanidation - maye gurbin zinc da cyanidation carbon slurry wanda ba a tace ba, kowannensu yana da nasa cancantar kuma an zaɓi su bisa dalilai kamar kaddarorin tama, sikelin aiki, da yuwuwar tattalin arziki. Koyaya, dole ne masana'antar ta ci gaba da tunkarar ƙalubalen muhalli da aminci da ke tattare da amfani da cyanide don tabbatar da dorewar makomar hakar zinare.