Bincike akan Hanyar Farfadowa na Copper a Cyanide Copper Plating Wastewater

1. Gabatarwa

Kafa yanayin lantarki mai kyau ga muhalli da kuma adana albarkatu a yanzu su ne manyan jigogi guda biyu na ci gaban masana'antar lantarki mai dorewa. Dangane da karancin albarkatun ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe a duniya da kuma ci gaba da ƙaruwar farashin kayan ƙarfe mai laushi, amfani da fasahar lantarki mai adana albarkatu ya jawo hankali sosai. Kamfanonin lantarki na China suna da ɗan gajeren tarihin ci gaba. A matakin farko na ci gaba, akwai ƙarancin kuɗi da fasahar baya. Yawancin ƙananan masana'antun lantarki ba su da masaniya game da dawo da kayan ƙarfe a cikin ruwan sharar gida mai laushi, balle bincike kan hanyoyin murmurewa. Ga faranti na jan ƙarfe mai laushi da kuma ruwan sharar ƙarfe mai laushi, raɓa da aka samar ta hanyar jan ƙarfe mai laushi bayan karyewar cyanide ƙananan barbashi ne, wanda ke haifar da wahalar hazo da rabuwa da tsada mai yawa. Saboda haka, yana da gaggawa a yi nazarin sabbin hanyoyin murmurewa.

2. Ka'idodin Hanyar

2.1 Magani na Cyanide Copper Plating da Copper Alloy Wastewater

A tsarin karya cyanide na gargajiya ta amfani da sodium hypochlorite, pH na ruwan sharar da ke dauke da cyanide yana buƙatar daidaitawa zuwa 11 - 12. yawanci ta hanyar ƙara sodium hydroxide. A lokacin karya cyanide, ana canza cyanide zuwa Carbon dioxide da nitrogen, kuma ana haɗa ions na jan ƙarfe monovalent zuwa ions na jan ƙarfe divalent, wanda daga nan zai samar da ƙananan barbashi na jan ƙarfe carbonate da aka dakatar a cikin ruwan sharar. Lalacewar halitta tana ɗaukar fiye da yini ɗaya kuma har yanzu ba za ta iya samun cikakken ruwan sama ba. Ana buƙatar adadi mai yawa na taimakon coagulant da flocculant don cimma cikakken ruwan sama da rabuwa. A da, lokacin da ba a dawo da jan ƙarfe ba, ruwan sharar bayan karya cyanide ana haɗa shi cikin ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da acid, wanda aka magance ta hanyar lemun tsami. An haɗa jan ƙarfe carbonate na asali akan ruwan sharar da ke cikin ruwan sharar da ke ciki kuma a ƙarshe ya haƙa ya rabu.

Sabon tsarin karya cyanide shine ƙara lemun tsami don daidaita pH. Carbon dioxide da aka samar yayin watsewar cyanide yana amsawa da calcium oxide don samar da calcium carbonate. A lokaci guda kuma, asali na jan karfe carbonate yana haɗe tare da calcium carbonate don samar da manyan ɓarna.

2.2 Magani na Sauran Ruwan Ruwan da ke ɗauke da Tagulla

Divalent na jan karfe ions a cikin ruwan datti mai haske mai haske na jan karfe yana amsawa tare da lemun tsami don samar da jan karfe hydroxide, kuma sulfuric acid yana amsawa da lemun tsami don samar da calcium sulfate da ruwa. A cikin jan karfe pyrophosphate plating ruwan sharar gida, pyrophosphate radical da jan karfe ions wanzu a cikin wani nau'i na hadaddun. Lokacin da aka bi da shi da lemun tsami, pyrophosphate radical yana amsawa da calcium oxide don samar da calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, kuma ions jan karfe suna amsawa da calcium oxide don samar da jan karfe hydroxide.

3. Tsarin Maidowa

3.1 Haɗin Ruwan Shara mai ɗauke da tagulla

Ruwan shara da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe ya haɗa da nau'ikan da dama kamar su faranti na jan ƙarfe cyanide, faranti na jan ƙarfe-zinc, faranti na jan ƙarfe, faranti mai haske na jan ƙarfe mai haske, da kuma faranti na jan ƙarfe pyrophosphate. Faranti na jan ƙarfe Cyanide, faranti na jan ƙarfe-zinc, da kuma ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe-tin suna kwarara zuwa cikin tankin daidaita ruwan shara mai ɗauke da cyanide, yayin da faranti na jan ƙarfe mai haske da kuma faranti na jan ƙarfe pyrophosphate ke kwarara zuwa cikin tankin daidaita ruwan shara mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. Faranti na jan ƙarfe Cyanide da kuma ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe suna ɗauke da sinadarai masu rikitarwa kamar Sodium cyanide , potassium sodium tartrate, da ammonium thiocyanate, waɗanda ke samar da hadaddun abubuwa tare da ions na jan ƙarfe. Ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe pyrophosphate ya ƙunshi hadaddun pyrophosphate na jan ƙarfe. Faranti na jan ƙarfe Cyanide da kuma ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe pyrophosphate sun kai kusan kashi 90% na jimlar ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, yayin da faranti na jan ƙarfe mai haske da kuma faranti na jan ƙarfe pyrophosphate sun kai kusan kashi 10%.

3.2 Tsarin Oxidation na Copper Complexes

Kafin murmurewa tagulla, ya zama dole a karya rukunin tagulla a cikin ruwan sharar lantarki da kuma sanya ions Cu⁺ zuwa Cu²⁺ ions. Ana amfani da hanyar haɗin sodium hypochlorite bayani da hydrogen peroxide don karya cyanide da hadaddun abubuwa kamar potassium sodium tartrate. Akwai tankuna masu karya cyanide guda uku. Ruwan datti mai ɗauke da cyanide da ruwa mai ɗauke da tagulla ana zugawa a cikin tanki mai fashewar cyanide na matakin farko. Ana ƙara madarar lemun tsami don daidaita pH zuwa 11 - 12. kuma an daidaita adadin adadin madarar lemun tsami ta hanyar tsarin kula da pH. A lokaci guda, ana ƙara maganin sodium hypochlorite don karya cyanide. Ana ƙara hydrogen peroxide a cikin tanki mai fashewar cyanide na mataki na biyu don ci gaba da karya cyanide da oxidizing abubuwan hadaddun abubuwa kamar potassium sodium tartrate. Saboda jinkirin amsawa, an ƙara tanki mai fashewar cyanide mataki na uku. A cikin tanki mai fashewar cyanide na uku, ana bincika cirewar cyanide da abubuwan hadaddun abubuwa kamar potassium sodium tartrate bisa ga bayanan bincike na sinadarai da gogewa. Tare da kammala aikin iskar shaka, Cu⁺ a cikin ruwan sharar gida yana jujjuya shi zuwa Cu²⁺, kuma an samar da asalin jan ƙarfe carbonate da jan ƙarfe hydroxide. A lokacin wannan tsari, bayan jan karfe pyrophosphate plating ruwa mai datti ya amsa da lemun tsami, hadadden da aka samar da jan karfe da pyrophosphate radical ya karye, kuma jan karfe hydroxide ya samu. Bayanan bincike sun nuna cewa wannan tsari na iya sa ruwan sharar gida ya dace da ka'idojin fitarwa. Ƙara lemun tsami don daidaita pH da haɓakar ions na jan karfe yana rage farashin magani, kuma lemun tsami yana taka rawa na taimakon coagulant kuma yana haifar da pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Farfadowar Copper

A cikin tsarin da ke sama, ions na jan karfe a cikin ruwan sharar lantarki suna jujjuya su zuwa ainihin ma'aunin carbonate na jan karfe. Idan adadin lemun tsami da aka ƙara yana da girma, ions na jan karfe kuma za'a iya juyar da su zuwa hazo na jan karfe hydroxide. Tunda ana buƙatar lemun tsami don haɓaka pyrophosphate radical a cikin jan ƙarfe pyrophosphate plating ruwan sharar gida, adadin lemun tsami da aka ƙara ba zai iya zama ƙanƙanta ba. Farashin lemun tsami yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma ana iya ƙara shi a cikin abin da ya dace a lokacin aikin jiyya.

Bayan da aka yi amfani da ruwan dattin da ke ɗauke da siyanide da tagulla a cikin tankunan fasa-kwari na cyanide mai matakai uku, sai su shiga cikin tankin flocculation. Ana ƙara Sodium pyrosulfite a cikin tankin flocculation don rage wuce haddi na hydrogen peroxide, kuma ana ƙara polyacrylamide flocculant don sa ɓangarorin da ke haɓaka girma girma. Idan ba a ƙara sodium pyrosulfite a cikin tanki na flocculation ba, ragowar hydrogen peroxide bayan fashewar cyanide ya rushe don samar da iskar oxygen, wanda ke daɗaɗɗa a saman ɓangarorin hazo kuma yana haifar da hazo zuwa iyo. Adadin sodium pyrosulfite da aka ƙara ya kamata ya zama kamar yadda hazo ba sa iyo, kuma abin da ya dace ya yarda.

Bayan wucewa ta cikin tankin flocculation, ruwan sharar gida yana gudana a cikin tankin da ke karkatar da bututun. Bayan an raba ruwan sama da ruwa, sai su shiga cikin tankin mai kauri, sannan a tace su ta hanyar latsawa. An dawo da kek ɗin tacewa, kuma tacewa tana komawa zuwa tankin daidaitawa. Kek ɗin matattarar tagulla da aka gano da ke ɗauke da tagulla ƙwararrun kamfani ne ke siya kuma a aika zuwa ƙwararrun masana'anta don samar da sulfate na jan karfe ko kuma ana iya amfani da su don samar da tagulla na electrolytic.

4. Fa'idodi

Ana samar da ruwan shara mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe a cikin bita guda huɗu na electroplating. Bayanan bincike da sa ido sun nuna cewa matsakaicin yawan jan ƙarfe a cikin ruwan shara na Cyanide shine 345mg/L, wato, kowace tan na ruwan shara yana ɗauke da 0.345kg na jan ƙarfe. Jimlar ruwan shara na cyanide na jan ƙarfe a kowane wata shine kimanin t 4600, wanda ke ɗauke da 1587kg na jan ƙarfe. Tare da jan ƙarfe a cikin sauran ruwan shara mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe, ana iya dawo da kusan kg 1700 na jan ƙarfe a kowane wata. Kuɗin shiga na kamfanin kowane wata daga sayar da laka mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe shine RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Farfadowar jan ƙarfe da kamfanin ya yi daga ruwan shara mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe yana guje wa rashin amfani da jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, ba wai kawai rage farashin electroplating ba har ma da rage gurɓataccen laka mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe ga muhalli, wanda hakan ke haifar da fa'idodi masu kyau na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.

5. Kammalawa

Masana'antar lantarki masana'antu masana'antu ce mai gurbata muhalli sosai. A halin da ake ciki a halin da ake ciki inda hanyoyin jiyya da fasahohin sarrafa ruwan sha a kasar Sin ke da koma baya, yin nazari sosai kan hanyoyin dawo da karafa da ba na karfe ba a cikin gurbataccen ruwa na lantarki yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen kafa yanayin ceton albarkatu da kyautata muhalli da kiyaye ci gaban masana'antar lantarki mai dorewa. Hanyar da za a bi da plating na jan karfe na cyanide da sauran ruwa mai dauke da tagulla don dawo da jan karfe ta amfani da lemun tsami da aka yi nazari a cikin wannan takarda ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a aikace-aikace masu amfani, samar da hanyar da ta dace don ci gaban koren masana'antar lantarki.