Sodium Cyanide: Abu ne Mai Mahimmanci a cikin Narke Zinare na Masana'antu

A cikin duniyar narkar da zinare mai sarkakiya da ban sha'awa ta masana'antu , Sodium Cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma ba makawa. Wannan sinadari mai matuƙar muhimmanci ya kasance ginshiƙin tsarin haƙar zinare tsawon sama da ƙarni ɗaya, kuma muhimmancinsa ya ci gaba da kasancewa a ayyukan haƙar zinare na zamani.

Tushen Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide , tare da dabarar sinadarai ta NaCN, wani sinadari ne da ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar cyano, wanda ke ɗauke da carbon da nitrogen mai haɗin gwiwa sau uku. Yana wanzuwa a manyan siffofi guda biyu a aikace-aikacen masana'antu: datti da ruwa. Ana samar da sodium cyanide mai ƙarfi a matsayin farin briquettes na crystalline, wanda kuma aka sani da "cyanoids." Waɗannan briquettes suna narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, wanda muhimmin abu ne don amfani da su a cikin aikin haƙar zinare. A gefe guda kuma, ana jigilar Sodium cyanide mai ruwa zuwa wuraren haƙar ma'adinai ta hanyar tankunan iso na musamman waɗanda suka dace da jigilar hanya ko jirgin ƙasa. Wannan sinadari yana ba da damar sauƙin sarrafawa da rarrabawa a cikin manyan ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai.

Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ma'adinan Zinariya: Tsarin Leaching na Cyanide

Tsarin amfani da sodium cyanide don cire zinare daga ma'adinai ana kiransa Cyanide Leaching ko cyanidation. Wannan hanyar ta kawo sauyi a masana'antar haƙar zinare ta hanyar ba da damar cire zinare daga ma'adanai masu ƙarancin inganci waɗanda a da ba su da tattalin arziki don sarrafawa. Ga cikakken bayani game da yadda wannan tsari ke gudana mataki-mataki:

Shirye-shiryen Ore

Tafiya na hakar gwal ta fara ne tare da shirye-shiryen ma'adinai. Zinariya - an fara niƙa tama mai ɗauke da ita ta zama foda mai kyau ta amfani da injinan masana'antu masu ƙarfi. Wannan mataki yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake ƙara yawan sararin samaniyar ma'adinai. Yankin da ya fi girma yana ba da damar samun kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin ma'adinai da maganin sodium cyanide a cikin mataki na leaching na gaba. Misali, a cikin ma'adanin gwal mai girma, ana amfani da manya-manyan fasa-kwauri don karya ma'adinan zuwa kananan barbashi, wani lokacin ma kamar girman milimita kadan. Bayan murkushe ma'adinan na iya bi ta hanyoyin nika don cimma girman da ake so don mafi kyawun leaching cyanide.

Leaching

Da zarar takin yana cikin nau'in foda mai dacewa, an ƙara shi a hankali - bayani mai kulawa na sodium cyanide. A lokacin wannan aikin leaching, wani abin mamaki na sinadari yana faruwa. Kwayoyin zinare a cikin tama suna samar da alaƙa mai ƙarfi sosai tare da sodium cyanide, suna canzawa zuwa wani nau'i mai narkewa. Ma'aunin sinadarai don wannan amsa shine kamar haka: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O = 4Na(Au(CN)₂)+ 4NaOH. A cikin wannan halayen, zinari yana amsawa da sodium cyanide, oxygen, da ruwa don samar da zinariya mai narkewa - cyanide complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au (CN)₂)). Oxygen a cikin halayen yana aiki a matsayin wakili na oxidizing, yana sauƙaƙe rushewar zinariya. Wannan matakin yawanci yana faruwa ne a cikin manyan tankunan leaching, inda ake ci gaba da motsawar tama-cyanide cakuda don tabbatar da tuntuɓar iri ɗaya da ingantaccen aiki.

Rabu

Bayan an samu nasarar narkar da gwal a cikin maganin, kalubale na gaba shine raba shi da sauran takin da sauran datti. Akwai hanyoyin gama gari guda biyu don cimma wannan rabuwa.

Hanya ɗaya ta haɗa da yin amfani da zinc don hado zinare daga maganin. An ƙara Zinc zuwa zinari - maganin cyanide, kuma yana amsawa tare da zinare - cyanide complex. A cikin wannan yanayin, zinc yana maye gurbin zinare a cikin hadaddun, yana samar da hadadden zinc - cyanide kuma yana mayar da zinarin zuwa wani tsari mai ƙarfi. Za'a iya raba gwal mai ƙarfi da sauƙi daga maganin ta hanyar tacewa ko wasu dabarun rabuwa.

Wata hanyar da ake amfani da ita a ko'ina ita ce amfani da carbon da aka kunna don ƙaddamar da haɗin gwal - cyanide daga maganin. Carbon da aka kunna yana da babban yanki mai girma da kuma babban kusanci ga hadadden cyanide na zinare. Maganin yana wucewa ta wurin gado na carbon da aka kunna, kuma zinare - cyanide hadaddun ya haɗa zuwa saman carbon. Ana kuma kara sarrafa gwal ɗin da aka ɗora wa kayan gwal don dawo da gwal ɗin. Wannan na iya haɗawa da matakai kamar lalatawa, inda aka cire gwal daga carbon ta hanyar amfani da maganin sinadarai mai dacewa, sannan electrolysis ya biyo baya don samun zinariya tsantsa.

Fa'idodin Amfani da Sodium Cyanide a cikin Haƙar Ma'adinan Zinare

Amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin hakar gwal yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban waɗanda suka sanya shi hanyar da aka fi so a yawancin ayyukan hakar gwal na kasuwanci.

Kudin - Tasiri

Sodium cyanide ba shi da tsada sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin da ake hako zinare da yawa. Wannan farashi - tasiri shine babban fa'ida, musamman ga kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai masu mu'amala da manyan ayyuka - ma'auni ko ƙarancin daraja. Misali, lokacin da ake hako ma'adinan ma'adinai marasa daraja inda zinare ke cikin ƴan ɓangarorin miliyan ɗaya kawai, ta amfani da wasu hanyoyin hakar na iya zama mai tsadar gaske. Sabanin haka, yin amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide yana ba da damar fitar da gwal daga waɗannan ma'adanai akan farashi mai ma'ana, wanda hakan zai sa aikin hakar ma'adinan ya kasance mai inganci.

High efficiency

Cyanide leaching yana da inganci sosai wajen fitar da zinare daga tama. A lokuta da yawa, yana iya cimma ƙimar hakar zinare sama da 90%. Wannan babban inganci yana nufin cewa za a iya samun ƙarin zinari daga ma'adinan, yana ƙara yawan ribar aikin hakar ma'adinai. Ƙarfin fitar da kaso mai yawa na zinariyar da ke cikin ma'adinan yana rage sharar gida kuma yana ƙara darajar albarkatun da aka haƙa.

solubility

Sodium cyanide yana da kyakkyawan narkewa a cikin ruwa. Wannan dukiya yana ba shi damar watsawa da sauri da amsa tare da zinare a cikin ma'adinai, don haka yana hanzarta aiwatar da hakar. A cikin tankunan leaching, sodium cyanide mai narkewa zai iya shiga cikin sauri cikin tarar tama mai laushi, yana zuwa cikin hulɗa tare da barbashi na gwal kuma yana sauƙaƙe samuwar gwal mai narkewa - hadaddun cyanide. Wannan yanayin aiki mai sauri na sodium cyanide yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen aikin hakar gwal gabaɗaya.

Tsaro da La'akarin Muhalli

Yayin da sodium cyanide kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi a cikin hakar gwal, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sinadarai ne mai guba. Koyaya, masana'antar hakar ma'adinai sun aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idojin aminci don tabbatar da amintaccen sarrafa sodium cyanide.

Amintacce a Gudanarwa

A Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya, ba a sami mutuwar cyanide ba a tsakanin ma'aikatan na sama da shekaru 100, godiya ga waɗannan tsauraran matakan tsaro. Lokacin sarrafa sodium cyanide, ana buƙatar ma'aikata su sa kayan kariya masu dacewa. Wannan ya haɗa da abin rufe fuska don kariya daga ƙurar iska ko iskar gas mai ɗauke da adadin cyanide. Hakanan ana sanya safar hannu da kayan kariya don hana haɗuwa da sinadarin fata. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba da horon da ya dace ga duk ma'aikatan da ke da hannu a cikin kulawa da amfani da sodium cyanide. An ilimantar da su kan illolin da ke tattare da sinadari da kuma ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa shi don rage haxari.

Tasirin Muhalli da Ragewa

Daga mahallin muhalli, babban abin da ke damun shi shine yuwuwar cyanide ya shiga cikin ruwan saman. Kifi da sauran halittun ruwa sun fi mutun hankali ga cyanide, kuma rashin amfani da cyanide da bai dace ba na iya yin illa ga muhallin halittu na asali. Don rage wannan haɗari, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don sarrafawa da kuma kula da cyanide - dauke da mafita.

Yawancin ma'adinai suna da tsire-tsire masu magani a wurin don lalata cyanide kafin fitar da kowane ruwa. Wadannan tsire-tsire masu magani suna amfani da hanyoyin sinadarai don karya cyanide zuwa wasu abubuwa marasa lahani. Bugu da ƙari, ana yin tsarin tsare-tsare don hana sakin cyanide na bazata - mai ɗauke da mafita. Alal misali, ana amfani da tafkuna masu layi da tankunan ajiya don adana maganin cyanide, kuma ana yin sa ido sosai don gano duk wani ɗigogi ko zubewa cikin gaggawa.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide ya kasance, kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa, wani muhimmin sinadari a masana'antar hakar gwal. Ƙarfinsa na musamman don fitar da gwal daga ma'adanan da ke da arha a farashi mai rahusa ya sa ya zama wani ɓangare na ayyukan hakar gwal na zamani. Yayin da tsaro da muhalli ke da alaƙa da amfani da shi, masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci wajen haɓaka hanyoyin kula da lafiya da ingantattun dabarun sarrafa muhalli. Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba da bunkasa, zai zama mai ban sha'awa don ganin ko sabbin hanyoyin hako zinare sun fito. Koyaya, don nan gaba mai yiwuwa, sodium cyanide zai iya kasancewa babban ɗan wasa a cikin neman buɗe darajar zinare daga tama.