Maganin Koren Don Haƙar Ma'adinan Zinariya: Matsalolin Sodium Cyanide a Indonesiya

Indonesiya ita ce kasa mafi girma a cikin ASEAN, tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i miliyan 1.919 da kuma fadin ruwa mai fadin murabba'in kilomita miliyan 3.16 (ban da yankin tattalin arziki na musamman). Kasar na da arzikin ma'adinai. Manyan ma'adanai na ƙarfe sun haɗa da bauxite, nickel, yashi baƙin ƙarfe, jan karfe, tin, zinariya, da azurfa; ma'adinan da ba na ƙarfe ba sun ƙunshi gawayi, farar ƙasa, da granite. Har ila yau, akwai wasu tanadi na zinc, mercury, manganese, gubar, kaolin, andesite, yashi quartz, feldspar, dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphate, da gypsum. Koyaya, saboda tsohowar fasahar binciken ƙasa, ƙarancin aikin ƙididdiga, da ƙarancin haɓaka albarkatun ƙasa da amfani da su, gwamnati ba ta da cikakkiyar fahimta game da albarkatunta. An dade ana samar da albarkatun ma'adinai da kamfanonin kasashen waje ke amfani da su. Bisa kididdigar da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adinai ta Indonesiya ta fitar, ma'adinan ma'adinan zinare da rarrabawa sune kamar haka: Ma'adinan zinare ya kai tan miliyan 1.91, tare da tabbataccen tanadi na tan 3.200, wanda aka rarraba a Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, da Papua. A cikin 2023. Samfurin ya kasance kusan tan 132, tare da kusan kilogiram 890 na sandunan zinare zuwa waje. Aikin hakar zinari ya jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa da masu zuba jari na kasar Sin da dama. A Indonesiya, ana rarraba ma'adinan zinare gabaɗaya zuwa ma'adinan gwal na gwal da ma'adinan oxidized. Tsarin leaching ɗin da ake amfani da shi don ma'adinan oxidized ana karɓar ko'ina saboda ƙarancin saka hannun jari da dawo da sauri. Koyaya, ginin tsibiran tsibiran yana iyakance ta hanyar siye, hanyoyin bayanai, da fasahar gini, wanda ya sa galibin masu ma'adinai suka fara amfani da su. Sodium cyanide.

sodium cyanide yana haifar da matsaloli da yawa a Indonesia. Na farko, farashin sayayya yana da yawa, tare da farashin kasuwa kusan 50.000 zuwa 60.000 RMB kowace tan. Na biyu, sodium Cyanide yana da guba sosai; inhalation, ciki, ko sha na fata zai iya haifar da guba mai tsanani. Na uku, sodium cyanide yana ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'ida ta gwamnatin Indonesiya, tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran yarda da gudanarwa don siyarwa, ajiya, da sufuri. Masu zuba jari na kasar Sin sun fahimci wadannan batutuwa da kyau, amma a kodayaushe ana samun rashin samun hanyoyin magance wasu ingantattun hanyoyin.

Tun farkon shekarar 2016. An samar da wasu nau'ikan hako zinare da yawa a kasar Sin kuma an yi amfani da su sosai. Shaanxi United Chemical kamfani ne da ke mayar da hankali kan samarwa da bincike na abubuwan da suka samo asali na hydrogen cyanide da ma'aikatan hakar zinare masu dacewa da muhalli. Ainihin yi na Shaanxi United ta muhalli m zinariya hakar jamiái na iya maye gurbin sodium cyanide da aka sayar da kuma amfani a cikin fiye da goma kasashe a duniya, samun tartsatsi yabo daga abokan ciniki.

1. Halayen ma'aikatan hakar gwal na abokantaka na Shaanxi United sune kamar haka:

2. suna da abokantaka da muhalli da samfuran kore (gwajin da sassan masu iko suka gwada, samfuran ana rarraba su azaman kayan yau da kullun);

3. suna da ƙimar farfadowa mai yawa (wanda ya dace da ƙwanƙwasa tudun ruwa, lelejin tafki, motsa jiki, da sauransu);

4. suna da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau (tare da ingantaccen stabilizers da aka kara don rage tsangwama daga abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar S da As);

5. suna da aikace-aikace masu yawa (amfani da zinariya oxidized ores, primary ores, sulfuric slag, zinariya concentrates, anode laka, da dai sauransu);

6. suna da sauƙin amfani (ƙimar pH na 10-12. sashi da hanyar za a iya daidaita su gaba ɗaya tare da matakan cyanide);

7. suna da farashin da ya dace, suna rage farashin zuba jari sosai idan aka kwatanta da sodium cyanide.

Umarnin amfani

1. Iyakar Aikace-aikacen:

1. Nau'in Ore Masu Aiwatar da: Zinare da azurfa oxide ores, 'yan ƙasa ores, high-sulfur da high-arsenic zinariya ores, cyanide wutsiya, zinariya concentrates, sulfuric acid sharan gona, anode laka, da dai sauransu.

2. Dabaru Masu Amfani da Ma'adanai: Zubar da tarin ma'adanai, zubar da tafki, Carbon- a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara (zubar da ruwa), da sauransu.

2. Samfurin Samfura: M foda ko granular form

3. Hanyar Rushewa: Narke cikakke cikin ruwa a cikin zafin jiki kafin amfani (gaba ɗaya, ana iya haɓaka rushewar cikin ruwa mai gudana ko ta hanyar motsawa sosai; a lokacin tudun leaching, ana iya gina tafkin dosing a gefen tafkin mafita mara kyau don ba da damar dawo da ruwa bayan kunna maganin carbon don wanke wakilin hakar gwal a cikin tafkin ruwa mara kyau).

4. Daidaita pH: Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da lemun tsami ko sodium hydroxide don daidaitawa da kiyaye ƙimar pH tsakanin 10-12; lokacin da ƙimar pH ta dawo ta ragu, yakamata a daidaita alkalinity a cikin lokaci mai dacewa; idan darajar pH ta kasance mai girma (fiye da 12) na tsawon lokaci, yana iya haifar da samuwar sikelin alkaline wanda ke shafar tallan carbon da aka kunna ko haifar da wucewar ruwa da ke shafar ingancin leaching.

5. Lissafin Matsalolin:

1. Za'a iya yin la'akari da sashi daga yawan amfani da sodium cyanide, kuma ana bada shawara don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen sarrafa ma'adinai da kuma komawa zuwa yanayi mafi kyau (yawanci game da 1-2 g / t na zinariya oxide ores, tare da maida hankali na zinariya hakar wakili gaba daya kiyaye a 0.3-0.8 ‰, gyara bisa ga daban-daban maki maki da cutarwa).

2. Hanyar Lissafi don Sashi: Ƙarin sashi na wakilin hakar zinari = (mafi kyawun ƙimar ƙima - ƙimar ƙima na yanzu) × ƙarar ruwa a cikin tafkin dosing; misali, idan mafi kyau duka darajar taro darajar na zinariya hakar wakili ne 1.5 ‰ (bisa ruwa girma), da kuma mayar da ruwa maida hankali ne 0.6 ‰, tare da 500 cubic mita na ruwa a cikin matalauta bayani pool, da ƙarin sashi zai zama: (1.5 - 0.6) × 500 = 450 kg.

6. Tsarin Amfani da samfur: (Ya dace da amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin tudun leaching da tsarin leaching carbon)

1. Tsari Leaching da Tsarin Leaching Pond: Murƙushe ɗanyen tama, tara/kiɗa shi, leach, adsorb tare da kunna carbon (masanin foda na zinc), wutar lantarki, da narkewa.

2. Tsarin Carbon-in-Pulp (Stirred Leaching): Murkushe ɗanyen tama, niƙa shi, leach carbon, wutar lantarki, da narkewa.

Nasarar Case na Ma'amala Mai Kyau Mai Kyau na Zinare

Ma'adinin Zinare na Lingbao Wenyu da ke Henan ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da masana'antu ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar fasahar cire kayan gwal mai ƙarancin guba a cikin cikakken aikin sa na lemun tsami. Gwaje-gwajen sun sami ingantattun alamomin sarrafawa. Lokacin da niƙa fineness ya kasance -0.074mm tare da abun ciki mafi girma fiye da 90%, ɓangaren litattafan almara ya kasance 40%, adadin lemun tsami ya kasance 3kg / t, lokacin pretreatment alkaline ya kasance 2 hours, sashi na Wakilin leaching na zinari mai dacewa da muhalli ya kasance 600g/t, kuma lokacin leaching ya kasance sa'o'i 24, adadin leaching na zinare ya kai 95.60%. Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa wannan reagent na iya maye gurbin sodium cyanide a cikin aikin hakar gwal. A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da reagent. Idan aka kwatanta da leaching cyanide, yawan leaching ya karu da 1.4%, an rage yawan adadin reagent da 200g/t, kuma an rage lokacin leaching da fiye da sa'o'i 12. Bugu da ƙari, bincike na leaching mai guba na wutsiya daga wakili na leaching na zinari mai dacewa da muhalli ya nuna cewa leaching toxicity dabi'u na cyanide, jan karfe, gubar, zinc, da arsenic a cikin wutsiyar duk sun kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka, yana ba da izinin fitarwa kai tsaye ba tare da buƙatar magani na detoxification ba.

Game da amfani da Wakilin zaɓin zinare na muhallis, wajibi ne a sami ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun za su gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a farkon matakan hakar ma'adinai. Wannan saboda wurare daban-daban na hakar ma'adinai da nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban zasu haifar da sakamako daban-daban tare da wakilan zaɓi. Matsakaicin adadin da ya dace da ko don ƙara wasu kayan sinadarai dole ne a ƙayyade bisa gwaje-gwaje na farko. A wannan lokacin, Shaanxi United Chemical zai samar da duk mahimman ayyuka don taimaka muku wajen kammala gwaje-gwaje.

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