Rage Amfanin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Leaching Concentrate Leaching

Gabatarwa

A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, da cyanidation tsari ana amfani da shi sosai don hako zinare daga zinariya tattaras. Sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari yayin da yake amsawa da zinare don samar da hadadden cyanide na gwal, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi don dawo da gwal. Duk da haka, da babban amfani da sodium cyanide ba kawai yana haɓaka farashin samarwa ba har ma yana haifar da matsalolin muhalli masu mahimmanci saboda gubar cyanide. Saboda haka, gano ingantattun hanyoyin da za a yanke sodium Cyanide amfani a cikin aikin leaching na zinari yana da mahimmanci ga dalilai na tattalin arziki da na muhalli.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Amfanin Sodium Cyanide

Ma'adinai na Zinariya Tattaunawa

Abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗin gwal yana da tasiri mai zurfi akan Sodium cyanide cin abinci. Ma'adanai kamar pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, da sauran ma'adanai sulfide zasu iya amsawa tare da cyanide da oxygen yayin leaching. Pyrite, alal misali, na iya zama oxidized a gaban iskar oxygen da cyanide, wanda ke haifar da samuwar nau'in ƙarfe-cyanide daban-daban da kuma cinye cyanide a cikin tsari. Bugu da ƙari, ma'adanai na jan karfe kuma na iya haifar da amfani mai mahimmanci na cyanide. Copper yana samar da barga na cyanide, kuma idan akwai babban abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin maganin leaching, ana buƙatar ƙara yawan ƙwayar sodium cyanide don kula da ayyukan leaching na zinari, yana ƙara haɓaka amfani da cyanide.

Yanayin Leaching

pH Darajar

pH na leaching slurry abu ne mai mahimmanci. Cyanide yana samuwa a cikin nau'i daban-daban a matakan pH daban-daban. A ƙananan pH, cyanide zai iya yin hydrolyze don samar da hydrogen cyanide, wani abu mai sauƙi kuma mai cutarwa. Don hana wannan, ana kiyaye pH na tsarin leaching yawanci, yawanci kusan 10 - 11.5. Amma babban pH mai girma zai iya yin mummunan tasiri akan tsarin leaching, kamar rage ayyukan wasu enzymes ko haifar da hazo na ions karfe, wanda zai iya tasiri tasirin leaching da ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide.

Aeration da Oxygen Supply

Isasshen iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci ga oxidation na zinari da kuma samar da hadaddun gwal-cyanide. Rashin isashshen iska ko ƙarancin iskar oxygen na iya rage jinkirin aikin leaching, yana haifar da haɓakar rashin cikawa da yuwuwar tilasta ƙara ƙarin cyanide don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako. A daya hannun, wuce kima aeration na iya haifar da rashin amfani da iskar shaka na sauran ma'adanai a cikin mayar da hankali, da kuma kara up cyanide amfani.

Dabarun Rage Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

Pretreatment na Zinare Concentrate

Maganin Oxidative

Hanyoyin gyaran gyare-gyare na Oxidative na iya kawar da ko gyara ma'adinan cyanide masu cinyewa a cikin tarin zinariya. Roasting wata hanya ce ta gama gari, inda dumama abin da aka tattara a gaban oxygen oxidizes ma'adinan sulfide kuma yana canza ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe zuwa mafi kwanciyar hankali, yana rage amsawarsu tare da cyanide yayin leaching na gaba. Duk da haka, gasasshen yana da koma baya kamar yawan amfani da makamashi da yuwuwar gurɓatar muhalli. Bio-oxidation, ta yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, shine mafi sauƙi, mafi ƙarfin kuzari, kuma madadin yanayin yanayi. Yana zaɓin oxidizes ma'adinan sulfide, yadda ya kamata yana cire waɗanda ke cinye cyanide da rage buƙatar sodium cyanide a cikin leaching.

Yawo don Cire Tagulla

Lokacin da zinari ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai na jan karfe, ana iya amfani da tuwo a matsayin matakin farko. Ta hanyar raba ma'adinan jan karfe daga juzu'in da ke ɗauke da zinari, yana rage yawan amfani da cyanide da ke haifar da hadaddun samuwar jan ƙarfe-cyanide. Sauran abubuwan da suka rage mai arzikin zinare na iya shan leaching na cyanide tare da ƙaramin adadin sodium cyanide.

Inganta Yanayin Leaching

Sarrafa pH

Kula da pH mai dacewa da kwanciyar hankali yana da mahimmanci. Ana yawan amfani da lemun tsami don daidaita pH na leaching slurry. Ba wai kawai yana tayar da pH don hana cyanide hydrolysis ba amma yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan amfani da cyanide ta hanyar yin tasiri ga yawan leaching na jan karfe da kuma hana samuwar wasu mahadi masu cin cyanide. Duk da haka, dole ne a sarrafa adadin lemun tsami a hankali, kamar yadda yawan lemun tsami zai iya haifar da hazo na ion ƙarfe masu amfani ko ƙara danko slurry, hana yaduwar reactant. Binciken gwaji ya nuna cewa ƙara kusan 1 - 2 kg / t na lemun tsami don daidaita pH zuwa kusan 10.5 - 11.5 sau da yawa yana samun sakamako mai kyau wajen rage yawan amfani da cyanide yayin da ake ci gaba da haɓaka ƙimar zinare.

Inganta iska

Don tabbatar da ingantaccen leaching na gwal tare da ƙarancin sodium cyanide, ƙimar iska yana buƙatar haɓakawa. Yawancin tsire-tsire na cyanidation na zinari suna amfani da ƙarancin matsi, damfarar iska mara mai don isar da iska. Dabaru kamar shigar da ƙaramin rami a ƙarshen bututun samar da iska don ƙirƙirar ƙananan kumfa masu tsayi da yawa na iya ƙara wurin hulɗa tsakanin iskar oxygen da slurry na leaching, haɓaka ingantaccen iskar oxygenation na zinari da rage yawan amfani da cyanide mara amfani. Shigar da bawul ɗin dubawa don hana dawowar iska shima yana daidaita tsarin iska. Daidaita yawan iska bisa ga halayen tattarawa da yanayin leaching yana taimakawa kiyaye mafi kyawun iskar oxygen a cikin slurry, haɓaka leaching na zinari da yanke amfani da cyanide.

Amfani da Additives

Abubuwan Abubuwan Da Yake Da Jagoranci

Ƙara abubuwan da suka dogara da gubar, irin su gubar nitrate, kafin leaching cyanide zai iya rage yawan amfani da sodium cyanide. Ions na gubar suna amsawa tare da ƙazanta kamar sulfide ions a cikin tarin zinari don samar da hazo maras narkewa, yana rage tsangwama a cikin aikin leaching da cinyewar cyanide. Alal misali, a cikin leaching zinariya ores tare da high sulfide ma'adinai abun ciki, ƙara 300 - 600 g / t na gubar nitrate tare da alkali pretreatment na 2 - 3 hours zai iya rage sodium cyanide amfani daga 2500 - 3000 g / t zuwa 1200 - 1500 g / t da kuma ƙara zinariya leaching 2% ta 4%.

Madadin Lixiviants ko Additives

Ana iya amfani da wasu madadin lixiviants ko ƙari tare da cyanide don rage yawan amfani da cyanide. Glycine, wanda ba mai guba ba ne, mai sake yin amfani da shi, da amino acid mai lalacewa, ɗaya ne irin wannan zaɓi. A wasu lokuta, fasahar leaching na tushen glycine ta sami raguwar cyanide mai mahimmanci yayin da ake kiyaye adadin dawo da gwal kamar hanyoyin cyanidation na gargajiya. Ƙara takamaiman surfactants kuma na iya inganta wettability na gwal barbashi da kuma yada reactants a cikin leaching slurry, yuwuwar taimaka wajen rage sodium cyanide amfani zuwa wani matsayi.

Kammalawa

Rage amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin tsarin tattara hankalin gwal abu ne mai rikitarwa amma aiki mai mahimmanci. Ta hanyar fahimtar abubuwan da ke tasiri amfani da cyanide da aiwatar da dabaru kamar pretreatment, inganta yanayin leaching, da kuma amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su, za a iya samun gagarumin raguwa a amfani da cyanide na sodium. Wannan yana amfanar masana'antun hakar gwal ta fuskar tattalin arziki ta hanyar rage farashin samarwa da kuma taimakawa rage haɗarin muhalli da ke tattare da amfani da cyanide. Ana sa ran ci gaba da bincike da kirkire-kirkire a wannan fanni zai samar da inganci da kyautata muhalli hakar gwal matakai a nan gaba.