Hanyoyi don magance wutsiyar cyanide tare da hydrogen peroxide

Gabatarwa

Cyanide wutsiya ta - kayayyakin da aka samar a cikin hakar gwal da sauran masana'antu da suke amfani da su cyanide a cikin aikin hakar. Sakamakon kasancewar mahadi na cyanide mai guba. Cyanide wutsiya haifar da mummunar barazana ga muhalli. Maganin hydrogen peroxide hanya ce mai tasiri don magance waɗannan wutsiya. Wannan labarin zai bincika wannan hanyar magani daki-daki.

Ka'idojin Jiyya na Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) wakili ne mai ƙarfi. Lokacin zalunta wutsiyar cyanide, ƙa'idar asali ita ce hydrogen peroxide yana amsawa tare da mahaɗan cyanide a cikin yanayin alkaline (yawanci tare da pH na 10 - 11). Abubuwan da aka haɓaka ta hanyar abubuwa (yawanci ions jan ƙarfe, Cu²⁺), halayen masu zuwa suna faruwa:

Cyanide (CN⁻) ana yin oxidized zuwa cyanate (CNO⁻). Ana iya bayyana martanin kamar haka:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, cyanate na iya ƙara mayar da martani da ɓarna zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani, kamar ammonia (NH₃), carbon dioxide (CO₂), da nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Daga baya, ammonia na iya ƙara zama oxidized ko canzawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin muhalli masu dacewa.

Matakan Jiyya

Tailings Slurry Shiri: Da farko, ana buƙatar wutsiyar cyanide ta zama slurry. Yawancin lokaci ana yin hakan ta hanyar ƙara ruwa zuwa wutsiya kuma a haɗa su sosai a cikin akwati mai dacewa (kamar babban tanki mai haɗawa). An daidaita daidaito na slurry don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide - dauke da kwayoyin halitta.

Daidaita PH: An daidaita pH na cyanide tailings slurry zuwa daidaitaccen alkaline mai dacewa, yawanci pH 10 - 11. Wannan mataki yana da mahimmanci saboda yanayin oxygenation na hydrogen peroxide tare da cyanide yana dogara sosai akan darajar pH. Lemun tsami (Ca (OH)₂) ko sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ana amfani da su don ƙara pH.

Ƙarar Ƙarfafawa: Copper-based catalysts, irin su jan karfe sulfate (CuSO₄), ana kara zuwa slurry. Copper ions iya catalyze da dauki tsakanin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide, muhimmanci accelerating dauki kudi. Matsakaicin ions jan ƙarfe a cikin slurry yawanci ana sarrafa su a kusan 50 MG/L. Koyaya, idan wutsiyar sun riga sun ƙunshi isassun jan ƙarfe ko wasu abubuwa masu ƙara kuzari, ƙarin ƙarin haɓakawa bazai zama dole ba.

Ƙara hydrogen peroxide: Sa'an nan, hydrogen peroxide an kara zuwa slurry. Adadin hydrogen peroxide da aka ƙara ya dogara ne akan ƙaddamarwar cyanide a cikin wutsiyoyi. Matsakaicin molar hydrogen peroxide zuwa cyanide gabaɗaya yana cikin kewayon 3:1 - 8:1. Alal misali, idan abun ciki na cyanide a cikin wutsiya yana da girma, ana buƙatar mafi girma rabo na hydrogen peroxide. Ya kamata a ƙara hydrogen peroxide sannu a hankali tare da ci gaba da motsawa don tabbatar da rarraba iri ɗaya da cikakkiyar amsa.

Amsa da Tada hankali: A slurry ne ci gaba zuga a lokacin dauki don tabbatar da isasshen lamba tsakanin reactants. Lokacin amsawa ya bambanta dangane da ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko da makasudin jiyya, gabaɗaya baya ƙasa da sa'o'i 1 - 2. A wannan lokacin, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes cyanide a cikin ƙananan samfurori masu cutarwa.

M - Rabewar Ruwa: Bayan da dauki ya cika, m - ruwa rabuwa da aka yi a kan bi da slurry. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyoyi kamar lalatawa a cikin mai kauri sannan kuma tace ta amfani da latsa tacewa. Za a iya zubar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan (watau wutsiya da aka yi wa magani) cikin aminci, alal misali, a adana su a cikin rijiyar rijiya mai layi da tafki mai sa ido. Filtrate, tare da rage yawan adadin cyanide da sauran abubuwa, ana iya ƙara magani ko sake amfani da su a cikin tsarin samarwa idan yanayi ya yarda.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Ingantaccen Magani

Haɗin hydrogen peroxide: Mafi girman maida hankali na hydrogen peroxide da aka kara, mafi kyawun tasirin iskar shaka akan cyanide. Koyaya, yawan amfani da hydrogen peroxide ba wai yana ƙara farashi bane kawai amma yana iya haifar da halayen gefe da yuwuwar matsalolin muhalli.

pH Darajar: Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ƙimar pH na tsarin amsawa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙimar amsawa da inganci. Bambance-bambance daga mafi kyawun kewayon pH na 10 - 11 zai rage jinkirin halayen iskar shaka na cyanide ta hydrogen peroxide.

Tattaunawar Tattaunawa: Ƙaddamar da ƙwayar jan ƙarfe na tushen mai kara kuzari yana rinjayar ƙimar amsawa. Idan maida hankali mai kara kuzari ya yi ƙasa sosai, abin da zai iya yi na iya zama a hankali sosai; idan yayi tsayi da yawa, yana iya haifar da wasu hadaddun halayen sinadarai kuma yana ƙara farashi.

Lokacin Ta'awuwa: Ana buƙatar isasshen lokacin amsawa don tabbatar da cikakken iskar shaka na cyanide kamar yadda zai yiwu. Rashin isasshen lokacin amsawa zai haifar da ragowar cyanide a cikin wutsiyar da aka yi wa magani.

Matsalolin Cyanide na farko: Mafi girman ƙaddamarwar cyanide na farko a cikin wutsiya, mafi wuyar samun cikakkiyar magani, kuma ana iya buƙatar ƙarin hydrogen peroxide da kuma tsawon lokacin amsawa.

Amfanin Maganin Hydrogen Peroxide

Babban Ingantaccen Oxidation: Hydrogen peroxide iya yadda ya kamata oxidize daban-daban siffofin cyanide, ciki har da free cyanide da wasu karfe - cyanide complexes, muhimmanci rage yawan guba na cyanide tailings.

Tsari Mai Sauƙi Mai Dangantaka: Idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin jiyya na cyanide (kamar hadaddun hazo na sinadarai ko hanyoyin jiyya na halitta), tsarin jiyya na hydrogen peroxide yana da ɗan hankali da sauƙin aiki.

Karancin Haɗarin gurɓacewar Sakandare: The by - samfurori na hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction basu da illa. Cyanate na tsaka-tsakin samfurin na iya ƙara lalacewa zuwa abubuwan da ba masu guba ba, kuma hydrogen peroxide kanta ya rushe cikin ruwa da oxygen, yana rage haɗarin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu.

Amfani da Wide: Wannan hanya ta shafi duka ƙananan ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da manyan masana'antu na masana'antu, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai mahimmanci don magance wutsiyar cyanide.

Case Nazarin

Kamfanin Ma'adinai na Zinariya: Kamfanin hakar gwal da ke cikin [takamaiman wuri] yana da adadi mai yawa na wutsiya na cyanide tare da babban ƙwayar cyanide. Sun yi amfani da hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide. Ta hanyar inganta sigogin tsari, gami da daidaita pH zuwa 10.5. ƙara jan karfe sulfate a maida hankali na 50 MG / L a matsayin mai kara kuzari, ta amfani da hydrogen peroxide - zuwa - cyanide molar rabo na 5: 1. da kuma gudanar da martani na sa'o'i 1.5, sun sami nasarar rage yawan ƙwayar cyanide a cikin wutsiya zuwa matakan da ke ƙasa da ƙa'idodi. An adana wutsiya da aka yi da su cikin aminci a cikin tafkin wutsiya, kuma an sake amfani da tacewa a cikin aikin hakar ma'adinai, rage yawan ruwa.

Karamin Ayyukan Haƙar Ma'adinai: Wani dan karamin aikin hakar zinare a wani yanki mai nisa shi ma ya fuskanci matsalar cyanide mai dauke da wutsiya. Saboda ƙayyadaddun albarkatu, la'akari da sauƙi na aiki, sun zaɓi hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide. Ta hanyar sarrafa adadin hydrogen peroxide a hankali da aka ƙara bisa ga ƙididdigar cyanide a cikin wutsiya, daidaita pH tare da lemun tsami na gida, da yin amfani da injin motsa jiki mai sauƙi don haɗuwa, sun sami nasarar rage yawan guba na cyanide na wutsiya. Kodayake ma'aunin jiyya ya kasance ƙarami, ya isa ya dace da buƙatun muhalli na gida don zubar da wutsiya, kare muhallin da ke kewaye daga yuwuwar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen cyanide.

Tsanani

Amintaccen Gudanar da Hydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide wakili ne mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya zama haɗari sosai idan ba a kula da shi yadda ya kamata ba. Ya kamata ma'aikatan da ke cikin aikin jiyya su sa kayan kariya masu dacewa, kamar safar hannu, tabarau, da tufafin kariya. Ajiye hydrogen peroxide shima yakamata ya bi ka'idodin aminci don hana bazuwar haɗari ko tuntuɓar abubuwa masu ƙonewa.

Ingantacciyar Kulawa: Ci gaba da lura da tsarin amsawa yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya haɗa da saka idanu da ƙimar pH na slurry yayin amsawa, yawan adadin hydrogen peroxide da cyanide, da kuma yanayin zafin jiki. Ya kamata a gudanar da samfur na yau da kullum da bincike don tabbatar da cewa tsarin jiyya ya ci gaba kamar yadda aka sa ran kuma don yin gyare-gyare na lokaci idan ya cancanta.

Zubar da wutsiya da aka jiyya: Ko da bayan jiyya, ya kamata a adana tsattsauran wutsiya a cikin tafki na yau da kullum wanda ya dace da ka'idodin muhalli. Tafkin wutsiya yakamata ya kasance yana da tsarin sutura mai dacewa don hana zubar da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa cikin ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa.

Gwajin Binciken Muhalli: Kafin aiwatar da hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide, ya kamata a gudanar da cikakken nazarin tasirin muhalli don kimanta tasirinsa akan iska, ruwa, da ingancin ƙasa, da kuma yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. Wannan kima yana taimakawa inganta tsarin jiyya kuma yana tabbatar da bin ka'idodin muhalli.

A ƙarshe, hanyar maganin hydrogen peroxide yana ba da mafita mai mahimmanci kuma mai tasiri don maganin wutsiyar cyanide. Ta hanyar fahimtar ka'idarsa, bin matakan da suka dace na jiyya, yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke tasiri, da kuma daukar matakan da suka dace, wannan hanya za ta iya rage haɗarin muhalli da ke haifar da wutsiyar cyanide, da ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai dorewa na masana'antar hakar ma'adinai da kare muhalli.