Shahararriyar Kimiyya akan Sinadarai masu Hatsari: Sodium Cyanide

1. Gabatarwa zuwa Sodium Cyanide

Tsarin kristal mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar al'ada, mai sauƙi mai sauƙi na almonds mai ɗaci. Mai guba mai yawa, tuntuɓar raunukan fata, shakar numfashi, da kuma cin adadi na iya haifar da guba da mutuwa. Chemical dabara ne NaCN, narkewa batu 563.7 ℃, tafasar batu 1496 ℃. Sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, sauƙin hydrolyzed don samar da hydrogen cyanide, Aqueous bayani ne karfi alkaline, wani muhimmin asali sinadaran albarkatun kasa, amfani da asali sinadaran kira, electroplating, metallurgy da kwayoyin kira magani, magungunan kashe qwari da karfe magani. Wakili mai rikitarwa, wakili na masking.

2. Kaddarorin jiki

Yana da tsarin kristal mai siffar sukari, farin kristal granules ko foda, mai sauƙin lalacewa, tare da ƙamshin almond mai laushi. Yana narkewa a cikin ruwa, ammonia, ethanol da methanol.

3. Ayyukan aiki

Rufewa sosai, samar da isassun shaye-shaye na gida da samun iska gabaɗaya. Mechanize da sarrafa sarrafa aiki gwargwadon iko. Dole ne masu aiki su kasance masu horarwa na musamman kuma su bi tsarin aiki sosai. Ana ba da shawarar cewa masu aiki su sanya nau'in kaho mai samar da iskar wutar lantarki tace kura, tufafin rigakafin guba mai guda ɗaya, da safar hannu na roba. Ka guji haifar da ƙura. Kauce wa lamba tare da oxidants da acid. Yi lodi da saukewa a hankali yayin sufuri don hana lalacewa ga marufi da kwantena. Samar da kayan aikin jinyar gaggawar yabo. Kwantena mara komai na iya ƙunsar abubuwa masu cutarwa.

4. Hatsarin Lafiya

Yana hana enzymes na numfashi, yana haifar da asphyxiation na ciki. Shakar numfashi, gudanar da baki ko sha ta jiki na iya haifar da guba mai tsanani. Gudanar da baki na 50-100 MG na iya haifar da mutuwar kwatsam. Mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani an raba asibiti zuwa matakai 4: mataki na prodromal yana da haushi na mucosal, hanzari da zurfafa numfashi, gajiya, da ciwon kai; Gudanar da baki yana da kumbura na ƙarshen harshe da baki, da dai sauransu. Matsayin dyspnea yana da dyspnea, ƙara yawan hawan jini, da launin ja mai launin fata da mucous membranes. Matakin jujjuyawa yana da jujjuyawa, coma, da gazawar numfashi. Matakin inna yana da hutun tsokar jiki gaba daya, tsayawar numfashi da bugun zuciya, da mutuwa. Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cyanide na iya haifar da ciwon neurasthenia, ido da kumburi na numfashi na sama. Zai iya haifar da kurji.

5. Amsar Gaggawa

Ware gurɓataccen wurin da ya zazzage kuma a hana shiga. Ana ba da shawarar cewa ma'aikatan bayar da agajin gaggawa su sa abin rufe fuska na kura (masu rufe fuska) da rigar gas. Kada ku yi hulɗa kai tsaye tare da kayan da aka zube.

Ƙananan ɗigo: Ka guji ƙirƙirar ƙura kuma tattara ɗigon a cikin busasshen busassun busassun akwati mai tsabta tare da felu mai tsabta.

Yayyo mai girma: Rufe da takardar filastik ko zane, sannan a tattara don sake amfani da su ko jigilar kaya zuwa wurin zubar da shara don zubarwa.

6. Matakan taimakon gaggawa

Alamar fata: Cire gurɓataccen tufafi nan da nan kuma a kurkura sosai tare da ruwan gudu ko 5% sodium thiosulfate bayani na akalla minti 20. Nemi kulawar likita.

Tuntuɓar ido: Nan da nan ɗaga gashin ido kuma a kurkura sosai tare da ruwa mai yawa ko gishiri na akalla mintuna 15. Nemi kulawar likita.

Inhalation: Bar wurin da sauri zuwa iska mai kyau. Ci gaba da hanyar iska a bude. Idan numfashi yana da wahala, ba da iskar oxygen. Idan numfashi da bugun zuciya sun daina, nan da nan yi numfashi ta wucin gadi (kada a yi amfani da baki-da-baki) da matse kirji na waje. Ba da amyl nitrite da aka shaka kuma ku nemi kulawar likita.

Ciki: Sha ruwan dumi da yawa kuma ya jawo amai. A wanke ciki da 1:5000 potassium permanganate ko 5% sodium thiosulfate bayani. Nemi kulawar likita.

7. Matakan kashe gobara

Hanyar kashe gobara: Wannan samfurin ba zai iya kamawa da wuta ba. Idan gobara ta tashi, yi ƙoƙarin ceto samfurin don hana marufin lalacewa da kuma haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli. Dole ne masu kashe gobara su sanya abin rufe fuska na gas da kayan kashe gobara na jiki gaba ɗaya sannan su kashe wutar a hanyar da iska ke bi. Maganin kashe gobara: busasshiyar foda, yashi da ƙasa. An haramta amfani da shi. Carbon masu kashe gobara da sinadarin dioxide da acid-base don kashe gobara.

8. Abubuwan ajiya

Ajiye a cikin wuri mai sanyi, bushe, da isasshen iska. Ka nisantar da wuta da tushen zafi. Dangin dangi a cikin sito kada ya wuce 80%. Ya kamata a rufe kunshin. Ya kamata a adana shi daban daga oxidants, acid, da sinadarai masu cin abinci, kuma kada a haɗa su. Wurin ajiya ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan da suka dace don ɗaukar ɗigogi. Ya kamata a aiwatar da tsarin gudanarwa na "biyu-biyar" don abubuwa masu guba sosai.

9. Bayanan sufuri

Hanyar shiryawa: Saka a cikin jakunkuna, rufe bakin jakar, sa'an nan kuma sanya shi a cikin ganga mai kauri mai kauri wanda bai wuce 0.75 mm ba. An manne murfin ganga sosai. Nauyin gidan yanar gizon kowace ganga shine 50 kg; kwalaben gilashin da aka zare, kwalabe na gilashin ƙarfe, kwalabe na filastik ko ƙarfe

Abin da ke sama wasu ilimin asali ne game da Sodium cyanide. Da fatan za a karanta shi a hankali idan kuna buƙatar shi.