Fahimtar Kayan Aikin Zinare CIL, CIP: Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

Magana mai mahimmanci, tsarin cyanidation baya fadowa ƙarƙashin nau'in sarrafa ma'adinai amma ya kamata a lasafta shi azaman hydrometallurgy. Yin amfani da cyanidation don hako zinari shine hanya da aka fi sani a duniya. Prin taCIPle dogara ga hadaddun na cyanide ions tare da zinare kyauta don samar da cyanide na zinari, ta yadda za'a sami narkar da zinariya. Mun san cewa zinariya a cikin yanayi yana wanzu a cikin 'yanci; ko da lokacin da aka lullube shi a cikin wasu ma'adanai, ya kasance zinari na asali da zarar an fallasa shi. Sabili da haka, zamu iya cewa tasirin (nauyin farfadowa) na tsarin cyanidation a cikin fitar da zinari, har zuwa wani lokaci, ya dogara da ikon 'yantar da zinariyar da aka rufe.

Tsarin leaching na CIL (Carbon In Leach), wanda kuma aka sani da carbon leaching don hakar gwal, tsari ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙara kunna carbon a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara da gudanar da leaching da tallan gwal a lokaci guda. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe matakai biyu na leaching cyanide na ɓangaren litattafan almara da kunna tallan carbon da aka samo a cikin tsarin CIP (Carbon In Pulp) zuwa mataki ɗaya, rage asara yayin rage farashin gudanarwa. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin CCD na gargajiya, yana adana kashi 66% na farashi na saka hannun jari, yana mai da shi tsarin da aka fi so don sarrafa tama na gwal na zamani.A cikin tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara na carbon, "carbon" da "ɓangare" suna nufin carbon da aka kunna da ɓangaren litattafan almara, bi da bi, maimakon dakatar da carbon kamar yadda za mu iya tunani. Dangane da lokacin gabatarwar carbon da aka kunna, muna komawa ga tsarin leaching wanda ke biye da adsorption azaman hanyar ƙwayar carbon (CIP), yayin da leaching da tallan lokaci ɗaya ake kira hanyar leaching carbon (CIL). Saboda ingantaccen amfani da kayan aikin samarwa, karuwar yawan tsire-tsire na cyanide suna ɗaukar wannan hanyar. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da kawar da buƙatar wanke ɓangaren litattafan almara da rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, saboda kai tsaye yana amfani da carbon da aka kunna granular don tallata gwal daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, maye gurbin wankewa, rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, da bayyanawa, ƙaddamarwa, da ayyukan maye gurbin tutiya na leachate. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa tsarin samar da masana'antu sosai, yana haɓaka inganci, kuma yana rage yawan kayan aiki da saka hannun jari.

Tsarin cyanidation yana buƙatar tsananin niƙa.

Ga ma'aunin ma'adini mai ɗauke da zinari na yau da kullun, saboda ƙarancin ruwa na ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da zinari, yana da wahala gabaɗaya a cimma ma'aunin sarrafa ma'adinai masu kyau ta amfani da hanyoyin iyo. Koyaya, ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara na carbon, yana yiwuwa a cimma jimlar adadin farfadowa sama da 93% a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin ƙazanta masu cutarwa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tasirin aikin cyanidation ya dogara da ikon 'yantar da zinare da aka rufe, yana yin niƙa musamman a cikin ayyukan shirye-shirye na tsire-tsire na ɓangaren litattafan almara. A cikin tsire-tsire na ɓangaren litattafan almara na carbon gama gari, ƙarancin niƙa da ya dace da cyanidation yawanci yana buƙatar 80-95% na kayan don zama mafi kyau fiye da -0.074 mm. A wasu ma'adanai tare da rarraba ma'adinan ma'adinai, abin da ake buƙata zai iya zama fiye da 95% don zama mafi kyau fiye da -0.037 mm. Wannan yana nuna cewa samun nasarar da ake buƙata a mataki ɗaya na niƙa a cikin tsire-tsire na ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da ƙalubale sosai, sau da yawa yana buƙatar matakai biyu ko ma uku na niƙa.

Ana samun ikon sarrafa maida hankali ne ta hanyar daidaita ƙarar ruwan abinci, adadin abincin tama, da rabon yashi mai dawowa. Idan ƙaddamarwar niƙa ya yi yawa, ya kamata a ƙara yawan adadin ruwan abinci, adadin abincin tama a cikin tsarin niƙa mai rufaffiyar matakai biyu ya kamata a rage, kuma ya kamata a ƙara yawan adadin yashi, kuma akasin haka. Za'a iya sarrafa sarrafa tattarawar ambaliya ta hanyar daidaita ƙarar ruwan abinci mai ambaliya, tsayin magudanar ruwa, girman mashigai da fitarwa, da girman magudanar ruwa. Sarrafa cin zarafi mai kyau yana buƙatar gyare-gyare ga tsayin magudanar ruwa, girman madaidaicin magudanar ruwa, adadin da rabon ƙwallo na ƙarfe, ƙaddamar da niƙa, da ƙaddamarwa.

A taƙaice, duk sigogin fasaha a cikin aikin niƙa suna da alaƙa, masu haɗa kai, da ƙuntatawa juna. Sabili da haka, dole ne a ɗauki cikakkiyar tsari da haɗin kai yayin daidaitawa da tsarin sarrafawa.

Hana hydrolysis na cyanides yana da matukar muhimmanci.

The Cyanides Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi (potassium cyanide). Sodium cyanide, Calcium cyanide) duk ginshiƙai ne masu ƙarfi da ƙarancin acid gishiri, waɗanda ke da haɗari ga hydrolysis a cikin ruwa, samar da hydrogen cyanide wanda zai iya rinjayar ƙaddamar da ions cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don hana hydrolysis na cyanides yayin aikin leaching. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce ƙara haɓakar ions hydroxide, wanda shine abin da muke magana akai don ƙara ƙimar pH. Mafi kyawun wakili na daidaita pH a cikin masana'antu shine lemun tsami, amma lemun tsami yana iya haifar da flocculation cikin sauƙi yayin daidaita pH. Sabili da haka, muna ƙara shi a lokacin aikin niƙa don tabbatar da tarwatsawa da kyau. A lokacin leaching cyanide, dole ne maganin ya kula da wani alkalinity don hana lalata cyanide, amma alkalinity na cyanide bayani bai kamata ya kasance mai girma ba, saboda wannan zai iya rage yawan rushewar zinariya.

Yayin da lokacin leaching ya karu, adadin leaching na zinari yana inganta, amma bayan wani lokaci, tsawaita lokacin leaching gaba ba zai ƙara ƙimar leaching na zinari ba. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da wani lokacin leaching yayin leaching cyanide don tabbatar da ingantaccen leaching na zinari. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar pH yayin ayyukan ɓangaren litattafan carbon yana da tasiri yayin da yake tsakanin 10 zuwa 11.

Sarrafa ƙaddamarwar ɓangaren litattafan almara muhimmin al'amari ne na tsarin cyanidation.

Ko zinari ne da cyanide ko cyanide na zinari da carbon da aka kunna, isassun lamba ya zama dole don cimma ingantattun alamomin sarrafa ma'adinai, wanda ke sanya babban buƙatu akan ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara. Idan maida hankali ya yi yawa, zai iya sauƙi hazo a saman carbon da aka kunna; idan ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yana iya daidaitawa cikin sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, don kiyaye ƙimar pH da ta dace da tattarawar cyanide, dole ne a ƙara yawan adadin reagents. Lokacin zabar cyanides, dole ne a yi la'akari da dalilai kamar ikon danginsu don narkar da zinari, kwanciyar hankali, da tasirin ƙazanta akan rushewar zinare.

Bayan shekaru na aikin samarwa, an yi imanin cewa ƙaddamar da 40-45% don hakar gwal na gwal na carbon da kuma ƙwayar cyanide na 300-500 ppm sun fi dacewa. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, niƙa yawanci yana buƙatar matakai biyu zuwa uku na aiki, kuma ƙimar samfurin ƙarshe gabaɗaya tana ƙasa da 20%. Don haka, kafin shigar da aikin leaching, ɓangaren litattafan almara dole ne a aiwatar da tsari mai kauri.

Gudanar da sodium Cyanide maida hankali yayin aikin leaching ya kamata ya bi waɗannan ka'idodin: yayin da ake tabbatar da ingantaccen narkar da gwal, da rage dacewar. sodium cyanide maida hankali don sanya adadin sodium cyanide ya daidaita a duk jerin tankunan leaching, ko kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙwayar sodium cyanide a cikin tankunan leaching na farko ya fi na baya. Karamin juzu'in juzu'i na maida hankali na sodium cyanide da aka sarrafa a cikin kowane tanki mai leaching, mafi kyau. Ya fi dacewa don rabon tankunan leaching waɗanda ke ƙara sodium cyanide zuwa jimlar yawan tankunan leaching don zama mafi girma. Auna ma'aunin sodium hydroxide akai-akai yana da fa'ida don sarrafa yanayin fasaha na aiki. Sodium cyanide gabaɗaya ana ƙara shi zuwa kowane tanki a wani taro na kusan 10%.

Asalin Tsarin Tsarin Leaching na Cyanide

Daga tsarin da ke sama, ana iya ganin cewa tsarin cyanidation shine tsarin da ake bukata na oxygen, kamar yadda gabatarwar iskar oxygen a lokacin samarwa zai iya hanzarta yawan leaching. Hakika, za mu iya daidai ƙara oxidizing jamiái, kamar hydrogen peroxide; duk da haka, wuce kima oxidants zai iya haifar da samuwar cyanate ions daga cyanide, wanda ba shi da amfani ga tsarin leaching.

Daga dabarar, zamu iya ganin cewa 1 mol na zinariya yana buƙatar mol 2 na cyanide kawai don haɓakawa. Dangane da taro, kusan 1 g na zinariya yana buƙatar 0.5 g na cyanide a matsayin wakili na leaching. Duk da haka, a cikin ainihin samarwa, saboda tasirin wasu ma'adanai, irin su azurfa, jan karfe, gubar, da zinc, wanda kuma zai iya jurewa da halayen haɗari tare da cyanide, adadin reagents bai kamata ya iyakance ga ƙididdiga kadai ba. Ya kamata a gyara shi bisa la'akari da adadin leaching na ƙarshe, kuma ya kamata a bi diddigin gyare-gyare lokacin da kaddarorin ma'adinai suka canza. Yawanci, kewayon sau 200 zuwa 500 sama da ƙimar da aka ƙididdige ana ɗaukar ma'ana. A taƙaice, tabbatar da ƙaddamar da ion cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara shine yanayin da ya zama dole don cimma kyakkyawan alamu.

Lokacin da gwal ɗin da aka ɗora akan carbon ɗin da aka ɗora ya kai sama da 3000 g/t, muna la'akari da cewa gabaɗayan aikin tallan ɓangaren carbon ya cika. Koyaya, ma'adinan da ke da manyan ƙazanta na jan karfe da azurfa kuma na iya yin tasiri ga ƙarfin tallan carbon da aka kunna, wanda ke haifar da carbon ɗin da aka ɗora da zinari ba ya cika burinmu da ake sa ran. Lokacin da carbon da aka kunna ba ya da ƙarfin talla, muna la'akari da shi cikakke ne. Don cikakken carbon da aka kunna, muna buƙatar desorb da electrolyze don samun zinari. Koyaya, ayyukan da ke gaba sun fi rikitarwa kuma suna buƙatar babban saka hannun jari. A cikin yankunan da ke da yawan adadin zinare, za mu iya sayar da carbon da aka ɗora da zinariya don riba, ko kuma hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce samun zinariya ta hanyar konewa.

Shaanxi United Chemical ƙwararrun masana'anta ne kuma mai samar da sodium cyanide, babban sinadari mai mahimmanci da ake amfani da shi a masana'antu daban-daban kamar hakar ma'adinai da haɗin sinadarai. Ƙwararrun ƙungiyar a United Chemical ba kawai samar da samfurori ba amma kuma an sadaukar da shi don ba da cikakkiyar goyon bayan fasaha. Tare da ƙwarewar masana'antu mai yawa, ƙwararrunmu suna iya magance kowace tambaya ko ƙalubale da kuke iya fuskanta. Ta zabar Shaanxi United Chemical a matsayin mai samar da sodium cyanide na ku, zaku sami damar samun wadataccen ilimi da albarkatu waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka ayyukanku da haɓaka aiki. Haɗin gwiwa tare da mu yanzu don samun goyan bayan ƙwararrun ƙwararru da samfuran inganci.