Ingantacciyar Farfaɗowar Zinare Ta Amfani da Sodium Cyanide: Bayanin Tsari Tsari na Carbon Slurry

Ana amfani da hakar zinare ta Cyanide sosai a ma'adinan zinare saboda ƙarfinsa na daidaitawa da ma'adanai, ikon samar da zinare a wurin, da kuma yawan dawowar da ake samu. Duk da haka, saboda matsalolin kare muhalli, ana ɗaukar matakai don magance ruwan shara kafin da bayan ajiya don cimma rashin fitar da shi, ko kuma amfani da magungunan rage fitar da shi ba tare da cyanide ko cyanide ba don kare muhallin muhalli na yankin. Wannan labarin ya gabatar da ayyukan cire zinare ta cyanide da Carbon -in-pulp (CIP), da nufin fahimtar ƙa'idodin cire zinare yayin kawar da gurɓatawa da kuma komawa ga hakar ma'adinai mai kyau ga muhalli.

Cyanide Gold Extraction

Abubuwan da ke aiki sun haɗa da ƙididdigar cyanide da oxygen, zafin jiki, girman da siffar gwal a cikin ma'adinai, ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara, abun ciki na slurry, fim ɗin saman akan gwal ɗin gwal, da lokacin leaching.

Lokacin da ƙwayar cyanide ta yi ƙasa, ƙarancin iskar oxygen yana da girma sosai, kuma adadin narkar da zinari ya dogara da ƙwayar cyanide; Lokacin da ƙwayar cyanide ya yi girma, adadin narkar da zinariya yana ƙayyade kawai ta hanyar iskar oxygen, gabaɗaya daga 0.03% zuwa 0.05%. Ana ƙara wasu oxidants, kayan leaching, ko alluran iskar oxygen kai tsaye galibi ana ƙara su don inganta ingantaccen leaching. A cikin wata shukar carbon-in-pulp, maye gurbin iska da iskar iskar iskar oxygen (sama da 90% oxygen) a cikin tankin leaching ya kara yawan leaching da maki 0.89. A cikin wani shuka, ƙara 0.1 kg/ton na 98% gubar acetate zuwa tankin leaching na farko ya haifar da raguwar darajar zinare daga 0.218 g/ton zuwa 0.209 g/ton. Adadin narkar da zinari a cikin maganin cyanide yana ƙaruwa tare da zafin jiki, yawanci ana kiyaye shi tsakanin 10 ° C da 20 ° C; kasa da 1.34°C, zinari yayi crystallizes, wanda shine dalilin da yasa tsire-tsire na arewa sukan yi amfani da bututun bututu don narke bututun da aka toshe a lokacin hunturu. Sama da 34.7°C, zinari ya zama ruwa, sau da yawa yana sakin iskar gas. Don daidaitawa da rage asarar sinadarai, an ƙara adadin alkali da ya dace don haɓaka halayen zuwa hydrolysis; Ana kiran wannan alkali da alkali mai karewa.

Kyawawan barbashi na gwal suna da babban fili da aka fallasa, yana mai da su cikin sauƙi a cikin cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, gwal mai ƙyalƙyali, ƙananan barbashi na gwal, da barbashi na gwal tare da pores na ciki su ma suna da sauƙin narkewa. Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara yana haifar da ƙananan danko, ƙyale ions na cyanide da oxygen don yaduwa da sauri zuwa saman gwal na gwal, wanda ke haifar da rushewa da sauri da kuma mafi girma leaching rates. Koyaya, ƙananan maida hankali na iya ƙara ƙarar ɓangaren litattafan almara, haɓaka kayan aiki da farashin reagent. Matsakaicin adadin ɓangaren litattafan almara shine gabaɗaya 40% zuwa 50%, amma a cikin lokuta tare da babban abun ciki na laka da kaddarorin hadaddun, yakamata a sarrafa shi a 20% zuwa 30%. Najasa na iya samar da fina-finai daban-daban a saman gwal ɗin gwal, suna shafar leach ɗin zinare. Ma'adanai masu alaƙa suna amsawa tare da iskar oxygen, cyanide, da alkali, suna hana hakar gwal. Yayin da lokacin shayarwa ke ƙaruwa, adadin leach ɗin yana ƙaruwa har zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, bayan haka adadin ya ragu saboda raguwar girma da girman gwal, yana ƙara tazara tsakanin cyanide, narkar da iskar oxygen, da rukunin gwal, yayin da ƙazanta ke taruwa don ƙirƙirar fina-finai masu cutarwa. The "stick" na leaching tank agitator ne sau da yawa saboda babban taro, low fineness, da rashin isasshen iska, kazalika da tsarin rata tsakanin m impeller da tanki kasa. A wani taron bita na cyanide, bayan tankin ya makale, an bukaci sa baki da hannu, ta yin amfani da manyan bindigogin ruwa, bindigogin iska, da dogayen sandunan karfe don share bututun da aka toshe. A karshe dai an gano cewa tazarar da ke tsakanin na’urar da ke kasa da tankin tanki ya ninka girman da aka saba da shi sau hudu, kuma da zarar an daidaita, an warware matsalar.

Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Haƙar Zinare

Abubuwan da ke aiki sun haɗa da kunna shaƙar carbon , desorption da electrolysis, da kuma sake farfaɗo da carbon.

Kafin amfani da carbon da aka kunna, yakamata a "kaifi da cire ƙura" ta hanyar niƙa da farko. Lokacin siyan carbon, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa duka ƙarfin adsorption da ƙarfi suna da kyau, tare da yawan cikawa na 0.50 kg / L zuwa 0.55 kg / L. Girman barbashi yakamata ya zama iri ɗaya, gabaɗaya tsakanin raga 6 zuwa raga 12 ko raga 6 zuwa raga 16, kuma abun cikin ash da ƙananan kayan kada ya wuce 3%. A cikin wani nau'in ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta haifar da nauyin gwal na wutsiya na zinariya fiye da yadda aka saba da shi fiye da sau 16, wanda ke haifar da asarar zinari, wanda ke buƙatar cikakken maye gurbin carbon. Matsakaicin adadin carbon a cikin tankin adsorption yana ƙaruwa a cikin gradient; la'akari da tsufa, sau da yawa maye gurbin carbon yana da amfani ga dawo da zinariya. A cikin wata shukar ƙwayar carbon, an canza zagayowar maye gurbin carbon daga kowane kwanaki 3 zuwa kowace rana, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar 25% na samarwa.

Asarar Carbon yayin ambaliya kuma zai haifar da asarar zinare, da farko da ke haifar da toshewar allo na rabuwar carbon. Wajibi ne don cire tarkace bayan mai rarrabawa da guguwa. Ya kamata allon rabuwar carbon ya yi amfani da allon cylindrical a kwance, kuma ana iya magance al'amura ta hanyar rage ƙaddamarwar slurry ko daidaita ƙarancin carbon na ƙasa da iska a cikin tashar iska ta gefen allon rabuwa. Batun da ya fi dacewa shine zubar da carbon daga tankin wutsiya na adsorption; allon aminci mai raɗaɗi 40 akan tankin haɗaɗɗen wutsiya yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta "tsare ƙofa", kuma yakamata a bincika kuma a kiyaye shi akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa ba ta da kyau. Don rage lalacewa na carbon, ana amfani da motsi mai ƙarancin sauri.

Ana gudanar da desorption da electrolysis a cikin maganin sodium hydroxide 1% da Sodium cyanide a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na 0.35 MPa zuwa 0.39 MPa, wanda ke cimma desorption a zafin jiki na 135°C zuwa 160°C, wanda yake sama da wurin tafasa na maganin. Matsayin zinare a cikin carbon da aka rage yana ƙasa da 50 g/t, kuma a halin yanzu, ana amfani da desorption da electrolysis na waɗanda ba cyanide ba.

Don sake farfadowar carbon, ana amfani da 3% zuwa 5% dilute nitric acid ko hydrochloric acid bayani don jiƙa na 0.5 zuwa 1 hour (wanda ya shafi ƙasa), tare da motsa jiki na lokaci-lokaci. Bayan an jiƙa, ana wanke carbon da ruwa don cire maganin acid, sannan a jiƙa a cikin 1% sodium hydroxide bayani don kawar da duk wani acid da ya rage. A ƙarshe, ana wanke carbon tare da ƙarar ruwa sau 2 zuwa 3 dangane da gadon carbon.

Cyanide Concentration, Alkalinity, and Carbon Density

Bayan auna yawan sinadarin slurry, sai a tace shi ta amfani da mazubi da takardar tacewa. A ɗauki wani ƙaramin adadin (a cikin milliliters) a cikin kwalbar mazubi, a ƙara digo 3-5 na methyl orange, kuma maganin zai nuna launin rawaya mai haske. A tace da maganin azurfa nitrate na yau da kullun har sai launin ruwan hoda ya bayyana; adadin nitrate na azurfa da aka sha a cikin bututun acid titration yana nuna yawan cyanide, wanda ya yi daidai da yawan cyanide. Ana iya daidaita wannan ta hanyar canza saurin kwararar maganin Sodium Cyanide . A cikin wannan maganin, a ƙara digo 1-2 na phenolphthalein, wanda zai juya launin ruwan hoda, sannan a tace da maganin acetic acid na yau da kullun har sai launin ruwan hoda ya ɓace. Bambancin da ke cikin matakin meniscus akan bututun acid titration kafin da bayan titration yana nuna yawan acetic acid da aka sha (a cikin milliliters), wanda ya yi daidai da yawan lemun tsami. Wani lokaci, ana amfani da oxalic acid don titration, yana sarrafa pH na slurry don ya kasance tsakanin 10 da 12. Yawan sinadarin calcium oxide a cikin slurry shine kusan 0.01% zuwa 0.02%. Ana iya daidaita alkalinity ta hanyar canza adadin lemun tsami da aka ƙara. Misali, a cikin abincin lemun tsami na nau'in diski, ana iya sarrafa adadin ta hanyar daidaita matsayin baffle.

Gilashin carbon ɗin silindi mai lita 1, tare da abin hannu da aka yi da δ8 rebar, yana da tsayin rike kusan 75% na zurfin tanki. Ana haɗe saman rike da murfin ƙarfe mai buɗewa na tukunya tare da lallausan waya mai kyau ko nailan. Ta hanyar ƙarfafawa ko sassauta waya ko kirtani, slurry na carbon zai iya shiga cikin tukunyar. Bayan cire tukunyar daga tanki, zuba slurry carbon da aka tattara a cikin samfurin samfurin, kurkura shi sosai da ruwa mai tsabta, sannan a cire duk wani ɗigon ruwa kafin auna adadin carbon, wanda ke ba da ƙimar carbon don wannan ma'auni, wanda aka bayyana a cikin grams kowace lita. Ana ɗaukar samfurori daga babba, tsakiya, da ƙananan sassa na tanki, kuma ana ɗaukar matsakaicin ƙimar a matsayin ƙarancin carbon na tanki. Hanyoyin hakar carbon, allura, saukewa, da wanke acid duk an yi su ta atomatik ta amfani da jetting ruwa. Sabili da haka, ana iya sarrafa daidaitawar ƙarancin carbon a cikin tanki mai ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar iskar carbon da aka ciyar da iskar da iskar gas dangane da sakamakon ganowa.

Don ƙarin shawarwarin sana'a? Tuntube mu!

Dumi Tips: Idan kana son sanin ƙarin bayani, kamar zance, samfura, mafita, da sauransu,