Sodium Cyanide: Kemikal mai ƙarfi tare da aikace-aikacen masana'antu Daban-daban

Gabatarwa

sodium cyanide, wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar sinadarai a matsayin NaCN, wani fili ne na farin crystalline wanda ke da matsayi mai mahimmanci a masana'antu daban-daban saboda abubuwan sinadarai na musamman. Duk da sanannen sunansa a matsayin wani abu mai guba sosai. sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakai kamar hakar ma'adinai, haɗin sinadarai, da lantarki. Wannan labarin yana bincika kaddarorin, aikace-aikacen masana'antu, kasada, da matakan tsaro masu alaƙa da sodium Cyanide.

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyanide wani fili ne na inorganic wanda ke cikin ajin cyanides. An kafa ta ta hanyar amsawar sodium hydroxide da hydrogen cyanide. Wannan fili yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, kuma amsawar sa tare da acid yana da damuwa musamman. Yaushe Sodium cyanide yana amsawa da acid, yana iya samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide mai kisa.

Sodium cyanide kuma yana da ikon amsawa da wasu karafa. Musamman ma, a gaban iskar oxygen, zai iya narkar da zinariya da azurfa, yana samar da hadaddun mahadi na cyanide. Ana amfani da wannan dukiya a cikin hakar gwal masana'antu.

Masana'antu Ayyuka

Karafa na Gwal

Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun amfani da sodium cyanide shine a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal. Ana amfani da "tsarin leaching na cyanide" don fitar da zinari daga tama. A cikin wannan tsari, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don narkar da barbashi na gwal a cikin ma'adinan, samar da hadadden cyanide na gwal mai narkewa. Ana iya raba waɗannan rukunin gidaje daga matrix ɗin tama kuma a ci gaba da sarrafa su don samun gwal zalla. Tsarin leaching na cyanide yana da inganci da tsada - inganci, yana mai da shi daidaitaccen aiki a ayyukan hakar gwal a duk duniya. Duk da haka, yana kuma tayar da matsalolin muhalli da aminci saboda guba na sodium cyanide.

Hannun sunadarai

Sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin mafari mai mahimmanci a cikin haɗin sinadarai. Ana amfani da shi don samar da nau'o'in nau'i-nau'i masu yawa waɗanda ke samun aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, ana amfani da abubuwan da aka samu na cyanide a cikin hada magunguna irin su penicillin, bitamin B6. da kuma folic acid. A cikin masana'antar agrochemical, sodium cyanide yana shiga cikin samar da magungunan kashe qwari kamar glyphosate da cyanofenphos. Bugu da ƙari, yana taka rawa wajen kera rini da launuka, kamar indigo da phthalocyanine blue.

Girkawa

A cikin electroplating, sodium cyanide wani muhimmin sashi ne. Ana amfani da shi wajen sanya karafa kamar zinari, azurfa, jan karfe, da zinc a saman sauran karafa. Sodium cyanide yana taimakawa wajen samar da yunifom da rufin ƙarfe mai mannewa ta hanyar sauƙaƙe shigar da ions na ƙarfe daga electrolyte zuwa ga ma'auni. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa ƙimar ajiya da haɓaka ingancin abin da aka yi masa. Duk da haka, saboda gubarsa, wasu hanyoyin da ba - cyanide electroplating ana haɓakawa kuma ana ɗaukar su a wasu lokuta.

Hatsari da Matakan Tsaro

Amfani da sodium cyanide yana zuwa tare da haɗari masu mahimmanci saboda matsananciyar guba. Numfasawa, ciki, ko hulɗar fata tare da sodium cyanide ko maganinta na iya zama m. Da zarar cikin jiki, sodium cyanide ya rabu don saki ions cyanide. Wadannan ions suna ɗaure ga wani enzyme da ke cikin numfashi ta salula, yana hana aikin enzyme. Wannan yana hana sel yin amfani da iskar oxygen, yana haifar da hypoxia nama kuma a ƙarshe mutuwa.

Don tabbatar da aminci lokacin sarrafa sodium cyanide, dole ne a bi tsauraran ka'idoji. Ma'aikatan da ke da hannu a samarwa, sufuri, ko amfani da sodium cyanide yakamata su sami cikakkiyar horo game da haɗarinsa da hanyoyin kulawa da kyau. Kayan kariya na sirri (PPE), gami da safar hannu, tabarau, da kariyar numfashi, dole ne a sa su a kowane lokaci. Wuraren ajiya na sodium cyanide yakamata su kasance da kyau - iska, amintacce, kuma an tsara su don hana yadudduka da zubewa. Idan akwai zubewa ko saki, matakan amsa gaggawa masu dacewa, kamar ƙullawa da hanawa ta amfani da sinadarai masu dacewa kamar sodium thiosulfate, yakamata a aiwatar da su nan take.

Tasirin Muhalli

Zubar da rashin dacewa na sodium cyanide zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamakon muhalli. Idan aka sake shi cikin jikin ruwa, sodium cyanide zai iya narkewa kuma ya saki ion cyanide, waɗanda suke da guba sosai ga rayuwar ruwa. Ko da a cikin ƙananan ƙididdiga, cyanide na iya cutar da kifin, invertebrates, da sauran kwayoyin halitta na ruwa, yana rushe yanayin halittun ruwa. A cikin ƙasa, sodium cyanide kuma yana iya yin mummunan tasiri akan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa da ci gaban shuka.

Ana buƙatar masana'antun da ke amfani da sodium cyanide su bi tsauraran ƙa'idodin muhalli. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna sarrafa ajiya, sarrafawa, da zubar da sodium cyanide don rage sakin sa cikin yanayi. Hanyoyin jiyya don cyanide - wanda ke ɗauke da ruwa mai datti, kamar sinadarai oxidation, jiyya na halitta, da musayar ion, ana amfani da su don cirewa ko lalata cyanide kafin fitar da ruwan datti.

Abubuwan Hulɗa

Ganin yawan gubarsa da yuwuwar haɗarin muhalli, sodium cyanide yana ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi a matakan ƙasa da ƙasa, da na yanki. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun ƙunshi duk abubuwan da suka shafi sodium cyanide, tun daga samarwa da sufuri zuwa amfani da zubar da shi. Misali, a Amurka, Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA) da Hukumar Kula da Tsaro da Lafiya ta Ma’aikata (OSHA) sun kafa dokoki don tabbatar da amintaccen sarrafa sodium cyanide. Masana'antu masu amfani da sodium cyanide dole ne su bi waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda suka haɗa da buƙatu don yin lakabi mai kyau, ajiya, da shirin amsa gaggawa.

Madadin Sodium Cyanide

Saboda haɗarin da ke tattare da sodium cyanide, ana samun karuwar sha'awar haɓakawa da amfani da madadin abubuwa. A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, alal misali, ana bincika leaching thiosulfate a matsayin madadin leaching cyanide. Thiosulfate shine ƙarancin reagent mai guba wanda kuma ana iya amfani dashi don cire zinari daga tama. Koyaya, leaching thiosulfate yana da nasa ƙalubale, kamar ƙarin farashin reagent da ƙarin sarrafa tsari. Sauran hanyoyin da ake bincike sun hada da amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa kwayoyin halitta, wadanda suka dogara da kwayoyin halitta don fitar da karafa daga karafa, da wadanda ba - cyanide lixiviants kamar halide - tushen mafita.

Kammalawa

Sodium cyanide wani sinadari ne mai ƙarfi tare da aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa. Abubuwan da ke da sinadarai na musamman sun sa ya zama dole a haƙar ma'adinan gwal, haɗaɗɗen sinadarai, da lantarki. Koyaya, matsananciyar gubarsa da yuwuwar cutarwar muhalli yana buƙatar tsauraran matakan tsaro da bin ka'idoji. Yayin da masana'antu ke ci gaba da neman ƙarin dorewa da amintaccen madadin, bincike don maye gurbin sodium cyanide tare da ƙananan abubuwa masu haɗari yana gudana. A halin yanzu, kulawa da kyau, ajiya, da zubar da sodium cyanide suna da mahimmanci don rage haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli.