Hanyoyi da Tsari don Detoxification na Cyanide Tailings

Gabatarwa

Wutsiyar Cyanide sharar gida ce da aka samar yayin aikin cin gajiyar ma'adinan zinare da sauran ma'adanai. Saboda kasancewar ragowar cyanides da sauran karafa masu nauyi, idan ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata ba, za su yi babbar illa ga muhalli da lafiyar dan Adam. Yawan guba na Cyanides na iya yaɗuwa ta iska, ruwa, da ƙasa, yana gurɓata yanayin muhallin da ke kewaye da kuma yin barazana ga rayuwar dabbobi da tsirrai. Saboda haka, yana da gaggawa don cirewa Cyanide Tailings. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da daki-daki Detoxification hanyoyin da matakai na cyanide wutsiya.

Halaye da Hadarin Cyanide Tailings

Abun da ke tattare da wutsiyar cyanide yana da rikitarwa. Baya ga cyanides da ba a yi amfani da su ba, yana kuma ƙunshi ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar jan ƙarfe, gubar, zinc, da mercury. Wadannan karafa masu nauyi suna da wuyar lalacewa a cikin yanayin yanayi kuma zasu taru na dogon lokaci. Cyanides na iya hana ayyukan enzymes na numfashi a cikin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke haifar da asphyxiation da mutuwar kwayoyin halitta. Misali, lokacin da aka zubar da ruwan datti mai dauke da wutsiyar cyanide a cikin koguna, zai yi sanadin mutuwar adadi mai yawa na halittun ruwa kamar kifi, yana lalata ma'aunin muhallin ruwa. Lokacin da karafa masu nauyi suka shiga jikin mutum, sai su taru a cikin sassan jikin mutum kuma su haifar da cututtuka iri-iri. Misali, gubar dalma na shafar ci gaban tsarin jijiya, sannan gubar mercury na lalata koda da kwakwalwa.

Hanyoyin Detoxification

Hanyar Oxidation na Chemical

1. Hanyar chlorination na alkaline: This is a commonly used chemical oxidation detoxification method. Under alkaline conditions (usually the pH value is controlled at 10 - 11), oxidants such as chlorine gas or hypochlorites are added to the cyanide tailings. Its reaction principle is as follows: First, cyanide ions (CN⁻) are oxidized to cyanate ions (CNO⁻), and the reaction equation is CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Then, cyanate is decomposed into harmless substances such as nitrogen and Carbon dioxide under further oxidation, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. The advantage of this method is that the reaction rate is relatively fast and the detoxification effect is obvious, but the disadvantage is that some secondary pollutants such as chlorine - containing exhaust gas may be generated.

2. Hanyar Oxidation Hydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) na iya oxidize da lalata cyanides a gaban mai kara kuzari mai dacewa. Ana zaɓin abubuwa masu kara kuzari kamar ferrous ions (Fe²⁺). A lokacin aiwatar da dauki, hydrogen peroxide ya bazu don samar da hydroxyl radicals (·OH), wanda ke da matuƙar ƙarfi oxidizing kaddarorin kuma zai iya sauri oxidize cyanides. Ma'aunin amsawa shine CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Amfanin hanyar oxidation na hydrogen peroxide shine cewa samfuran bayan bazuwar hydrogen peroxide sune ruwa da oxygen, kuma ba a gabatar da sabon gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ba, amma farashin yana da girma sosai, kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanayin halayen suna da tsauri.

Hanyar Oxidation ta Halitta

1. Hanyar Leaching Microbial: Ana amfani da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman, irin su Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Wadannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya amfani da cyanides a matsayin tushen nitrogen da carbon yayin aikin haɓakarsu da oxidize da lalata su. Ta hanyar ayyukan nasu na rayuwa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna canza cyanides zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani kamar carbon dioxide, ruwa, da ammonia. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa yana da alaƙa da muhalli kuma yana da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, amma rashin lahani shine haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tasiri sosai ta yanayin muhalli kamar zafin jiki da ƙimar pH, kuma tsarin sake zagayowar yana da ɗan tsayi.

2. Hanyar Biofilm: An kafa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a saman mai ɗaukar hoto don samar da biofilm. Lokacin da wutsiyar cyanide ta shiga cikin hulɗa da biofilm, cyanides suna lalata da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Biofilm yana da ƙarfin adsorption da lalata, wanda zai iya inganta ingantaccen magani na ƙwayoyin cuta akan cyanides. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar leaching microbial, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanyar biofilm ba su da sauƙi a rasa kuma suna da kwanciyar hankali, amma kuma suna fuskantar matsalar kula da yanayin muhalli.

Wasu Hanyoyi

1. High - Zazzabi Hanyar Pyrolysis: Cyanide wutsiya ana pyrolyzed a high zafin jiki (yawanci fiye da 800 ℃), da cyanides suna bazu zuwa gases kamar nitrogen da carbon monoxide. Hanyar pyrolysis mai girma-zazzabi na iya kawar da cyanide yadda ya kamata, amma yana buƙatar yawan adadin kuzari, kuma ƙarfe mai nauyi na iya canzawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin zafi mai girma, yana ƙara wahalar jiyya na iskar gas mai zuwa.

2. Hanyar Adsorption: Abubuwan da ke ƙara kuzari kamar su Carbon aiki and zeolite are used to adsorb cyanides. Adsorbents have a large specific surface area and can adsorb cyanides on their surfaces, thereby achieving the purpose of detoxification. The adsorption method is simple to operate, but the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is limited, and the adsorbent needs to be replaced regularly. In addition, the treatment of the adsorbed adsorbent is also relatively complex.

Tsarin Detoxification

Bala'i

1. Crushing da Screening: Ana murƙushe manyan wutsiyoyi na cyanide don rage girman barbashin su, ta yadda sakamakon detoxification na gaba zai iya ci gaba sosai. Na kowa crushers sun hada da muƙamuƙi crushers, mazugi crushers, da dai sauransu. The crushed tailings ana nunawa ta hanyar nunawa kayan aiki kamar vibrating fuska to allo fitar da barbashi na daban-daban barbashi masu girma dabam, samar da kayan da dace barbashi masu girma dabam ga m jiyya.

2. Leaching: Domin yin hulɗar cyanide mafi kyau da amsawa tare da reagent na detoxification, ruwa ko wasu abubuwan da suka dace suna amfani da su don leach wutsiyar cyanide. Ana aiwatar da aikin leaching a cikin tanki mai motsawa, kuma wutsiya da sauran ƙarfi suna haɗuwa sosai ta hanyar motsawa. Abubuwa kamar lokacin leaching, zafin jiki, da ruwa - zuwa - ingantaccen rabo zai shafi tasirin leaching, kuma gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ingantawa bisa ga ainihin yanayi.

Ayyukan Detoxification

1. Tsarin Aiki na Hanyar Oxidation: Ɗaukar hanyar chlorination na alkaline a matsayin misali, a cikin maganin wutsiya bayan leaching, an fara ƙara sodium hydroxide don daidaita ƙimar pH na maganin zuwa 10 - 11. Sa'an nan kuma, an gabatar da iskar chlorine a hankali ko sodium hypochlorite bayani an ƙara, kuma ana yin motsawa lokaci guda don sa amsa ta ci gaba da cikakke. A lokacin aiwatar da amsawa, ƙaddamarwar cyanide a cikin maganin yana buƙatar kulawa a ainihin lokaci. Lokacin da aka rage yawan ƙwayar cyanide zuwa ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, an dakatar da ƙari na oxidant.

2. Tsarin Aiki na Hanyar Oxidation Na Halitta: Idan aka ɗauki hanyar leaching microbial, rijiyar Thiobacillus ferrooxidans da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ana sanya su cikin maganin leaching mai ɗauke da wutsiyar cyanide. Ana sarrafa yawan zafin jiki na tsarin amsawa a cikin kewayon girma mai dacewa na microorganisms (gaba ɗaya 25 - 35 ℃), kuma ana daidaita ƙimar pH zuwa kewayon da ya dace (gaba ɗaya 2 - 4). A lokacin aiwatar da amsawa, ana buƙatar a cika abubuwan gina jiki akai-akai don saduwa da buƙatun girma na ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana yin la'akari da ci gaban halayen detoxification ta hanyar kulawa da ƙwayar cyanide da haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Magani na gaba

1. M - Rabewar Ruwa: Bayan an kammala aikin detoxification, wutsiya da aka yi da su suna buƙatar a juye su da ƙarfi - rabuwar ruwa. Hannun rarrabuwar ruwa na gama gari sun haɗa da tacewa da centrifugation. Ta hanyar kayan aikin tacewa irin su faranti - da - firam ɗin tacewa, an raba tatsuniyar wutsiya daga ruwa. Ruwan da aka raba yana buƙatar ƙarin gwadawa don cyanide da abun ciki mai nauyi don tabbatar da cewa za'a iya fitar da shi bayan cika ka'idodin fitarwa.

2. Zubar da wutsiya: Bayan detoxification da m - ruwa rabuwa, idan nauyi karfe abun ciki a cikin wutsiya ne har yanzu high, ƙarin magani ake bukata. Alal misali, ana amfani da fasahar ƙarfafa ƙarfi da ƙarfafawa, kuma ana haɗa wutsiya tare da abubuwa masu ƙarfafawa kamar su siminti da lemun tsami don gyara ƙananan karafa a cikin jiki mai ƙarfi da kuma rage motsin su a cikin muhalli. Za a iya cika wutsiya da aka yi wa magani ko kuma a yi amfani da su gabaɗaya bisa ga ainihin yanayin, kamar ana amfani da su wajen samar da kayan gini.

Kammalawa

Maganin lalatawar wutsiya na cyanide yana da mahimmanci ga kare muhalli da kuma amfani da albarkatu mai dorewa. Daban-daban hanyoyin detoxification suna da nasu amfani da rashin amfani. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, hanyoyin da za a cirewa da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace suna buƙatar zaɓar su gabaɗaya bisa ga dalilai kamar halaye na wutsiyar cyanide, farashin magani, da bukatun muhalli. A lokaci guda, tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, sabbin fasahohi da matakai na kawar da gubobi suna tasowa koyaushe. A nan gaba, ana sa ran za a samar da ingantacciyar hanyar inganta yanayin muhalli, da hanyoyin lalata tattalin arziki don wutsiyar cyanide, samar da ingantattun hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli da wutsiyar cyanide ke kawowa.