Wadanne Abubuwan Sinadarai Za a Iya Amfani da Sodium Cyanide don Shirya?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani abu ne mai guba amma mai mahimmanci a cikin sinadarai. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban saboda amsawar ƙungiyar cyanide (-CN). Ga wasu daga cikin mahimman abubuwan sinadarai da za a iya shirya ta amfani da Sodium cyanide :

Inorganic Cyanide Samfura

1. Ferro cyanide : Sodium cyanide yana amsawa da gishirin ƙarfe don samar da ferro Cyanide . Misali, amsawar Sodium Cyanide tare da ferrous sulfate na iya samar da sodium ferrocyanide (Na₄[Fe(CN)₆]). Ana amfani da wannan mahaɗin sosai wajen samar da launuka masu launin shuɗi kamar shuɗin Prussian, kuma yana da amfani a masana'antar abinci a matsayin wakili mai hana cake a cikin gishiri. Ana iya wakiltar amsawar sinadarai kamar haka:

6NaCN + FeSO₄ → Na₄[Fe(CN)₆] + Na₂SO₄

2. Hadaddun Cyanide na Karfe : Sodium cyanide na iya samar da hadaddun ions na ƙarfe da yawa. Misali, a cikin cire zinare da azurfa, a gaban iskar oxygen, zinare da azurfa suna amsawa da sodium cyanide don samar da hadadden cyanide na ƙarfe mai narkewa. Ga zinare, martanin shine kamar haka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Sannan ana kara sarrafa wadannan karafa - cyanide don samun tsaftataccen karafa. Baya ga zinari da azurfa, sodium cyanide kuma na iya samar da kambun da ke da karafa irin su jan karfe, zinc, da nickel, wadanda ke da aikace-aikace wajen sarrafa lantarki da sauran masana'antu. Misali, a electroplating, karfe - cyanide hadaddun ana amfani da matsayin electrolytes don tabbatar da santsi da kuma uniform ajiya na karfe a kan substrate.

Abubuwan da ake samu na Cyanide

1. Abubuwan da suka samo asali daga Malonic Acid : Ana amfani da Sodium cyanide wajen hada sinadaran malic acid. Wani tsari da aka saba amfani da shi shine a yi amfani da sodium cyanide tare da chloroacetic acid don samar da cyanoacetic acid da farko. Abinda ya fara faruwa shine:

ClCH₂COOH + NaCN → NCCH₂COOH + NaCl

Sa'an nan kuma za'a iya ƙara haɓakar acid cyanoacetic don samar da esters na malic acid, irin su diethyl malonate. Abubuwan da ake samu na malonic acid sune mahimman tubalan gini a cikin haɗaɗɗun kwayoyin halitta, musamman a cikin haɗin magunguna, rini, da ɗanɗano. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a cikin kwandon Knoevenagel da sauran halayen don gina ƙarin hadaddun kwayoyin halitta.

2. Sinadaran Nitrile : Ana iya amfani da Sodium cyanide don canza haloalkanes ko aryl halides zuwa nitriles ta hanyar maye gurbin nucleophilic. Misali, lokacin da bromoethane ya yi hulɗa da sodium cyanide, propionitrile ya samo asali:

CH₃CH₂Br + NaCN → CH₃CH₂CN + NaBr

Nitriles mahadi iri-iri ne. Ana iya sanya su cikin hydrolyzed don samar da acid carboxylic, rage su zuwa amines, ko amfani da su a cikin haɗin haɗin heterocyclic. A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, magunguna da yawa sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin aikin nitrile, kuma yin amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin haɗin nitriles yana ba da hanya mai mahimmanci don shirye-shiryen waɗannan magunguna.

3. Cyanohydrins : Aldehydes da ketones na iya yin aiki tare da sodium cyanide a gaban wani abu mai kara kuzari don samar da cyanohydrins. Misali, amsawar acetone tare da sodium cyanide:

(CH₃)₂CO + NaCN + H⁺ → (CH₃)₂C (OH) CN + Na⁺

Cyanohydrins su ne masu tsaka-tsaki masu amfani a cikin haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halitta. Ana iya ƙara rikiɗa su zuwa ƙungiyoyin ayyuka daban-daban, irin su acid carboxylic, amines, da alcohols, ta hanyar halayen sinadarai masu dacewa. A cikin haɗin wasu samfuran halitta da magunguna, cyanohydrins suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina carbon - kwarangwal da gabatar da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki.

4. Abubuwan da suka samo asali daga Triazine : A cikin samar da sinadarai kamar melamine, sodium cyanide na iya shiga cikin hanyar sadarwa ta amsawa. Duk da cewa amsawar kai tsaye na iya zama mai rikitarwa kuma yawanci yana buƙatar matakai da yawa, ƙungiyar cyanide daga sodium cyanide tana ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar tsarin zoben triazine. Ana amfani da Melamine sosai wajen samar da robobi, manne, da shafi. Wani misali kuma shine haɗa cyanuric chloride (trichlorotriazine), wanda shine muhimmin matsakaici wajen samar da magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari, da rini masu amsawa. Haɗa cyanuric chloride daga sodium cyanide yawanci ya ƙunshi jerin halayen da suka haɗa da chlorination na abubuwan da suka shafi cyanide.

5. Amino Acids da Abubuwan da Suka Samu : A wasu hanyoyin roba don amino acid, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide. Misali, a cikin Strecker na hada amino acid, aldehyde ko ketone yana amsawa da ammonia da sodium cyanide don samar da tsaka-tsaki na aminonitrile, wanda daga nan ake samar da hydrolyzed zuwa amino acid mai dacewa. Farawa da aldehyde RCHO, halayen sune kamar haka:

RCHO + NH₃ + NaCN → RCH(NH₂) CN + NaOH

RCH(NH₂)CN + 2H₂O + H⁺ → RCH(NH₃⁺) COOH + Cl⁻

Amino acid sune tubalan gina jiki na sunadaran kuma suna da aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin masana'antar abinci, magunguna, da kayan kwalliya.

Ya kamata a jaddada cewa saboda yawan guba na sodium cyanide, dole ne a bi tsauraran matakan tsaro da hanyoyin kulawa yayin amfani da shi wajen shirya waɗannan abubuwan da suka samo asali don tabbatar da lafiyar ma'aikata da muhalli.