Shin kun san yadda ake amfani da sodium cyanide?

sodium cyanide, tare da tsarin sinadarai NaCN, wani fili ne wanda ya jawo hankali sosai saboda yawan guba. Koyaya, yana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Wannan labarin ya zurfafa cikin amfani da abubuwa da yawa Sodium cyanide a sassa daban-daban.

1. Masana'antu

Hakar Zinariya da Azurfa

Daya daga cikin mafi sanannun Aikace-aikace of sodium Cyanide yana cikin hakar zinariya da azurfa daga ma'adinan su. Wannan tsari, wanda aka fi sani da cyanidation, ya dogara da ikon ions na cyanide don samar da barga masu yawa tare da zinariya da azurfa. A gaban iskar oxygen da ruwa, ƙarfe na zinari yana jurewa oxidation kuma ya narke a cikin maganin cyanide, wanda ya haifar da samuwar zinariya - cyanide complex. Wannan hanya tana da inganci sosai kuma ta kasance ma'auni na hakar gwal da azurfa shekaru da yawa. Yana ba da damar dawo da karafa masu daraja daga ma'adanai masu ƙarancin daraja, waɗanda ƙila ba za su iya aiwatar da tattalin arziki ta hanyar amfani da wasu hanyoyin ba. Alal misali, a cikin manyan ma'adinan zinare a duniya, sodium cyanide ana amfani da shi da yawa don fitar da zinariya. A wasu ma'adinan Afirka da Kudancin Amirka, ana bi da dubban ton na tama tare da maganin cyanide kowace rana don samun ƙananan adadin zinariya.

Sauran Karfe Processing

Sodium cyanide kuma ana amfani da shi wajen warewa da tsarkake wasu karafa irin su jan karfe, zinc, da nickel. A lokacin waɗannan hanyoyin, cyanide na iya zaɓar zaɓin ɗaure tare da wasu karafa, yana ba da damar rabuwa da ƙazanta ko wasu karafa a cikin ma'adinai. Alal misali, a cikin tagulla - Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, za a iya amfani da cyanide don raba jan karfe daga sauran karafa masu alaƙa a cikin tama. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar daidaita pH da ƙaddamar da maganin cyanide don ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe - ƙwayoyin cyanide.

2. Yin lantarki

a cikin Girkawa masana'antu, sodium cyanide wani muhimmin sashi ne a cikin wanka na plating. Yana sauƙaƙe shigar da karafa irin su jan karfe, azurfa, cadmium, da zinc akan wasu abubuwa daban-daban. Cyanide ions a cikin plating bayani aiki a matsayin hadaddun jamiái. Suna samar da hadaddiyar giyar tare da ions karfe, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa adadin adadin ƙarfe. A sakamakon haka, an sami ƙarin yumɓu mai yumɓu kuma mai mannewa karfe a saman abin da aka yi masa. Alal misali, a cikin samar da kayan ado masu kyau - kayan ado, electroplating tare da azurfa ko zinariya sau da yawa ya haɗa da amfani da cyanide - tushen plating mafita. Kasancewar sodium cyanide yana tabbatar da cewa an ajiye ƙarfe mai daraja a ko'ina, yana ba da kayan ado mai laushi da haske. A cikin masana'antar kera motoci, sassa irin su bumpers da kayan ado na ado galibi ana sanya su ta hanyar amfani da cyanide - mai ɗauke da mafita don haɓaka kamanninsu da juriya na lalata.

3. Sinthesis

Samar da Haɗin Halitta

Sodium cyanide ne mai muhimmanci reagent a cikin kwayoyin kira. Ana iya amfani da shi don gabatar da ƙungiyar cyano (-CN) cikin kwayoyin halitta. Wannan mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin haɓakar mahaɗan ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa, gami da nitriles, waɗanda tubalan gini iri-iri ne a cikin sinadarai na halitta. Alal misali, a cikin samar da acrylonitrile, wanda ake amfani da shi don yin fibers na roba kamar acrylic da modacrylic, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin ɗayan matakan amsawa. Halin da ke tsakanin halide na halitta mai dacewa da sodium cyanide yana haifar da samuwar nitrile ta hanyar maye gurbin nucleophilic.

Ƙirar Magunguna da Agrochemicals

A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, ana amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin hada magunguna da yawa. Misali, yana shiga cikin samar da wasu magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta, bitamin, da magungunan kashe kumburi. A cikin kira na bitamin B12. Ana amfani da cyanide a cikin shirye-shiryen maɓalli na tsakiya masu mahimmanci. A cikin filin agrochemical, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don kera magungunan kashe qwari da ciyawa. Wasu magungunan kashe kwari da fungicides sun ƙunshi sifofi waɗanda aka samo su daga halayen da suka shafi sodium cyanide. Wadannan sinadarai suna taimakawa wajen kare amfanin gona daga kwari da cututtuka, don haka kara yawan amfanin gona.

4. Sauran Aikace-aikace

Sarrafa rodent

Saboda matsananciyar guba, an yi amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin rodenticide. Ana iya amfani da shi don sarrafa yawan beraye, beraye, da sauran rodents. Koyaya, amfani da shi a cikin wannan mahallin yana da ƙayyadaddun tsari sosai saboda yuwuwar haɗarin da zai iya haifarwa ga nau'ikan da ba manufa ba da muhalli. A wasu wuraren da ciwon rowan ke da muni kuma wasu hanyoyin sarrafa ba su da tasiri, ana iya amfani da bats na tushen sodium cyanide ƙarƙashin kulawa mai tsauri. Rodents suna cinye koto, kuma cyanide ta hanzarta aiwatar da tsarin jijiyarsu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa.

Tsaftace Karfe da goge goge

Ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin tsabtace ƙarfe da ayyukan gogewa. Yana taimakawa wajen cire oxides da sauran gurɓataccen ƙasa daga karafa. Game da wasu karafa, cyanide na iya mayar da martani tare da dattin saman, yana samar da gungun masu narkewa waɗanda za a iya wanke su cikin sauƙi. Wannan tsari yana da amfani musamman don shirya filaye na ƙarfe don ƙarin sarrafawa, kamar fenti ko haɗin gwiwa. Misali, a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya, kafin a yi fenti ko haɗa wasu kayan ƙarfe, ana iya bi da su tare da mafita mai ɗauke da sodium cyanide don tabbatar da tsafta da santsi.

A ƙarshe, sodium cyanide, duk da gubarsa, yana da fa'idodi da yawa a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Daga hakar karafa masu daraja a cikin hakar ma'adinai zuwa hada magunguna masu mahimmanci, amfani da shi yana da bambanci da mahimmanci. Koyaya, saboda yanayinsa mai haɗari, tsauraran ƙa'idodin aminci da muhalli suna aiki don tabbatar da sarrafa shi yadda yakamata, adanawa, da zubar dashi.