Nā ʻano maʻamau o nā Cyanides

He papa o nā hui kemika nā cyanides i loaʻa ka hui cyano (-CN). Ua kaulana lākou no ko lākou reactivity kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki ke ʻawahia. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau o nā cyanides , ko lākou mau waiwai, a me kā lākou hoʻohana.

ʻO ke kumu haukene (HCN)

ʻO ka hydrogen cyanide , i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka prussic acid, he wai kala ʻole, he wai lele loa me kahi ʻala ʻawaʻawa ʻalemona. He mea ʻawahia loa ia a hiki ke make i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka HCN i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana like ʻole, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā plastics, nā fibers synthetic, a me nā pesticides. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi i ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula a me ke kālā mai nā ores.

ʻO ka Sodium Cyanide (NaCN)

He mea paʻa keʻokeʻo a crystalline ka sodium cyanide i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO ia kekahi o nā cyanides i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo NaCN i ka electroplating, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala, a me ka unuhi ʻana i nā metala makamae. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kemika.

Potassium Cyanide (KCN)

Ua like nā waiwai o ka potassium cyanide me ka Sodium Cyanide . He mea paʻa keʻokeʻo, crystalline i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo KCN i ka electroplating, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala, a me ka unuhi ʻana i nā metala makamae. I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he reagent.

Cyanogen Chloride (CNCl)

He kinoea kala ʻole ka cyanogen chloride me ka ʻala ʻala. He mea ʻawaʻawa a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hanu. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CNCl i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau mea kemika a ma ke ʻano he mea hana kaua kemika.

Nā Cyanides Organic (Nitriles)

ʻO nā cyanides organik, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he nitriles, he mau hui i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka hui cyano i kahi ʻātoma Carbon i loko o kahi molekala organik. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā cyanides organik e komo pū me ka acetonitrile (CH3CN), propionitrile (CH3CH2CN), a me ka benzonitrile (C6H5CN). Hoʻohana ʻia nā Nitriles i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me nā solvents, nā intermediates i ka synthesis organik, a me ka hana ʻana o nā polymers.

Nā Paʻakai Cyanide

Ma waho aʻe o ka sodium a me ka Potassium Cyanide , aia kekahi mau paʻakai cyanide ʻē aʻe, e like me ka calcium cyanide (Ca(CN)2), barium cyanide (Ba(CN)2), a me ka ammonium cyanide (NH4CN). Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau paʻakai i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana like ʻole.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he mea ʻawaʻawa loa nā cyanides a hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Pono e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cyanides. I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā cyanides, pono e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.