ʻO Sodium Cyanide: Hoʻomaopopo i kāna mau hoʻohana, nā waiwai, a me nā mālama palekana

I. Hoʻomumu

ʻO ka sodium cyanide (kemika: NaCN) kahi hui inorganic ʻawahia loa e pāʻani ana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i nā kahua noiʻi ʻoihana a me ka ʻepekema. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona ʻawahia kiʻekiʻe a me nā pōʻino hiki ke loaʻa, he mea nui e loaʻa kahi ʻike pololei a hoʻohana palekana. E hoʻolauna kēia ʻatikala iā ia mai ʻekolu mau ʻano: Nā Hoʻohana , Nā Waiwai , a me nā Mālama Palekana , e kōkua ana i ka poʻe heluhelu e loaʻa kahi ʻike piha o kēia kemika kūikawā.

II. Hoʻohana i ka Sodium Cyanide

1.Metal Processing a me Metallurgy

• Electroplating : Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā ʻāpana o ka hopena electroplating, hiki i ka Sodium Cyanide ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i kahi uhi like a mānoanoa (e like me ke gula, ke kālā, ke keleawe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma luna o ka ʻili metala.

• Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke Gula : I ke kaʻina hana cyanidation no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke gula, hana ka sodium cyanide me ke gula e hana i kahi paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, no laila e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ke gula mai ka ore.

2.Organic Synthesis

• Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā cyanides, nā lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me ka vitamin B1), dyes, pesticides, etc.

• Ma ke ʻano he nucleophilic reagent i ka organik synthesis, komo ia i nā ʻano hopena kemika.

3.Laboratory Applications

• Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he reagent analytical (e like me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ion metala e like me ka cobalt a me ke keleawe), a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he catalyst i nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī.

III. Nā waiwai o ka Sodium Cyanide

1. Na Waiwai Kino

• ʻAno : Nā kristal keʻokeʻo a pauka paha, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka hemo ʻana.

• Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia : He maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a he alkaline ikaika ka hopena wai; hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i loko o ka ethanol.

• Kiko Heheʻe : Ma kahi o 563.7°C, a ʻo ke kiko paila ma kahi o 1496°C.

2. Na waiwai kemika

• ʻAkika : ʻAkika loa. ʻO ka nui o ka lāʻau make ma ka waha ma kahi o 1 - 2 mg/kg (no nā pākeke).

• Ka Hana : Hana ia me nā waikawa e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ʻawahia loa; hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi hopena ikaika ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā oxidants ikaika.

• Paʻa : He paʻa ia i ka ea maloʻo, akā e pala mālie ia ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka wai a i ka ea pulu, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ke kinoea ʻawahia.

IV. Palekana Palekana

1. Mechanism a me nā pōʻino

• ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻawahia o ka Sodium cyanide mai ka ion cyanide (CN⁻) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ia, hiki ke kāohi i nā enzymes hanu cellular, e alakaʻi ana i ka hypoxia o nā ʻiʻo a, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ka make.

• Nā Hōʻailona o ka Lāʻau ʻAi Koʻikoʻi : ʻEha poʻo, nausea, dyspnea, huikau, a me nā haʻalulu a me ka hopu ʻana o ka puʻuwai.

2. Nā Hana Palekana

• Ka Hoʻomalu Pilikino : E ʻaʻahu i nā lole pale, nā mīkina lima, nā maka aniani, a e hoʻohana i ka pale maka kinoea (me kahi pahu kānana).

• Kaiapuni Hana : E hana i loko o kahi uhi uahi a i ʻole kahi ʻōnaehana pani e pale aku i ka laha ʻana o ka lepo.

3.Storage a me ka halihali

• Ka Waihona Paʻa : E mālama i kahi maloʻo a me kahi anu, kahi kaʻawale mai nā waikawa, nā mea hoʻomake ʻona, a me ka meaʻai.

• Ka Lepili ʻana a me ka ʻŌlelo Aʻo : Pono e lepili ʻia ka ipu me nā lepili ʻōlelo aʻo e like me "Highly Toxic" a me "Corrosive".

4.Emergency Lapaʻau

• Ka Lapaʻau ʻana i ka Leakage : E ʻaʻahu i nā lako pale, e uhi i ka mea i leaka me ke one a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea inert, a pale i ka hoʻopā pololei ʻana.

• Kōkua Mua no ka Lāʻau Make : E hoʻoneʻe koke i ka mea i lāʻau make i kahi me ka ea hou, e mālama i ke ala ea ʻaʻole e ālai ʻia, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau, a e hoʻomaopopo i nā limahana lapaʻau no ka mea lāʻau make.

5. Hoʻokō me nā lula

• ʻO ka sodium cyanide kahi kemika weliweli i mālama ʻia e ka mokuʻāina. Pono e hoʻokō i nā Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals, a koi ʻia kahi ʻae no kāna lawe ʻana a hoʻohana.

V. Hoolaha hihia

I ka ulia pahū ʻana o ke awa ʻo Tianjin i ka makahiki 2015. ʻo ka leakage o ka sodium cyanide i huki nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana, e hōʻike ana i nā hopena koʻikoʻi o ka mālama pono ʻole a me ka mālama ʻana. He mea hoʻomanaʻo kēia hana e hiki ai i ka mālama ʻole ke alakaʻi i nā hopena pōʻino, a pono mākou e mālama mau i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka makaʻala.

VI. Ka hopena

ʻO ka sodium cyanide he "pahi pahi ʻelua". Hiki i kāna hoʻohana kūpono ke hāpai i ka holomua ʻoihana, akā inā mālama ʻole ʻia ka palekana, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pōʻino. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kona hoʻohana ʻana, nā waiwai, a me nā lula palekana ke kuleana o nā mea a pau e pili ana me ia. Ma ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hana palekana e hiki ai iā mākou ke hōʻoia i ka palekana pilikino a me ke olakino kaiapuni.