ʻO ke Kaʻina Hoʻoheheʻe Electrolytic no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻo Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

ʻO ka Cyanide - kahi wai hoʻoneoneo i loaʻa, ʻoiai nā mea i loaʻa mai ka Sodium Cyanide , he mea hopohopo nui ia no ke kaiapuni. He mea ʻawahia loa ia wai hoʻoneoneo a loaʻa nui mai nā ʻoihana e like me ka electroplating, ka hana kinoea, ka coking, ka metallurgy, ka hana metala, ka fiber kemika, ka plastic, ka pesticide, a me ka ʻoihana kemika. I loko o ka wai, he paʻa ʻole ia a maʻalahi i ka palaho. He mea ʻawahia loa nā cyanide inorganic a me nā cyanide organik. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka cyanide make i ke kino kanaka he 0.18 g, a ʻo ka potassium cyanide he 0.12 g. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka cyanide make i nā iʻa i loko o ka wai mai 0.04 - 0.1 mg/L. ʻO ka hopena, pono koke nā ʻano hana lapaʻau kūpono e hōʻemi i kona hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka.

Nā Kumu o ka Electrolytic Oxidation no Cyanide - loaʻa ka wai ʻino

ʻO ke kaʻina hana oxidation Electrolytic no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe sodium cyanide e hana ana ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi au uila e hoʻokele i nā hopena kemika ma ka anode a me ka cathode, a laila e hoʻololi ana i ka cyanide i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea ʻino ʻole. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hana ʻia ka electrolysis i ka cyanide maʻalahi a me ka cyanide paʻakikī i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.

Anode Reactions

• No ka Cyanide Maʻalahi : I ka wā o ka hana mua ma ka anode, hana ikaika ka cyanide maʻalahi me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe e hana i kahi hui ʻawaʻawa ʻole. I ka lua o ka hana ma hope, hana ʻia ʻelua mau hana. Hoʻokaʻawale hou kekahi hana i kēia hui i loko o ke kalapona ʻokikene, ka naikokene, a me ka wai. ʻO ka hopena o kekahi hana i ka hana ʻana o ka ammonium.

• No ka Cyanide Hoʻohuihui (Ke lawe nei i ka Complex i loaʻa ke keleawe ma ke ʻano he Laʻana) : Ke hiki aku ka cyanide hoʻohuihui, e like me nā complexes i loaʻa ke keleawe, i ka anode, hana ia e hana i nā ion keleawe a me kahi hui ʻawaʻawa ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai papaʻaina i ka electrolytic medium, hana ʻia nā hopena hou aʻe. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ion chloride mai ka paʻakai e hana i ka chlorine hou. A laila hana kēia chlorine hou me ka cyanide a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai hoʻoneoneo e wāwahi i nā hui cyanide i nā huahana ʻino ʻole, me ke kalapona dioxide, nitrogen, a me nā ion chloride.

Nā Hana ʻana o Cathode

Ma ka cathode, loaʻa nā iona hydrogen i nā electrons a hana i ke kinoea hydrogen. No ka metala - loaʻa nā cyanide paʻakikī, e like me nā mea me ke keleawe, loaʻa nā ion keleawe i nā electrons a hiki ke waiho ʻia e like me ke keleawe keleawe. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki i nā ion keleawe ke hana pū me nā ion hydroxide e hana i ka copper hydroxide precipitate.

Nā Manaʻo Koʻikoʻi i ke Kaʻina Hana Electrolytic Oxidation

• Nā Mea Uila : He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā mea uila. I nā manawa he nui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila palupalu ma ke ʻano he mea cathode. Eia nō naʻe, pono nā anodes e kū i ke kaiapuni electrochemical ʻino. ʻO nā anodes paʻa dimensionally (DSA), i hana ʻia me nā oxides metala hanohano a hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana, he kūpono loa ia no kēia noi. Hiki i ka Graphite ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea anode, akā he hemahema kona o ka hoʻopau mālie ʻia ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana electrolysis.

• Ka Mana Mahana : Pono e hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ka mahana o ka wai ʻōpala i ka wā o ka electrolysis. Pono e mālama ʻia ma lalo o 25 °C. Inā piʻi nui ka mahana, e pakele ka chlorine i hana ʻia mai ka oxidation o nā ion chloride i loko o ka paʻakai i hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ke hana me ka cyanide, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pono o ke kaʻina hana luku cyanide.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka Chloride Ion : ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ion chloride i ka wai hoʻoneoneo hiki ke hoʻonui i ka oxidation electrolytic o ka cyanide. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua lawa ka hoʻohui ʻana i 1 - 2 g/L o nā ion chloride. I kekahi mau hihia, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka paʻakai maʻamau (sodium chloride) ma kahi nui o 25 g no ka lita i ka wai ʻōpala e kōkua pono i ka luku electrolytic o ka cyanide.

Pono o ka Electrolytic Oxidation Process

• Ka Hana Kiʻekiʻe no ka Wai ʻŌpala Kiʻekiʻe : He mea kūpono loa ke kaʻina hana oxidation electrolytic no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala cyanide kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā mea i loaʻa i nā lua gula. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi nui i ka nui o ka cyanide i loko o ka wai ʻōpala.

• Ka Hana ʻana o nā ʻAno Reactive ma In - Situ : I ka wā o ka electrolysis, hoʻopuka ʻia nā ʻano reactive e like me ka chlorine nascent i loko o ka ʻōnaehana. Hoʻopau kēia i ka pono no ka hoʻohui ʻana o waho o nā mea oxidizing weliweli a pipiʻi hoʻi i nā nui he nui.

• Ka Maʻalahi : Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kaʻina hana e like me ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka wai hoʻoneoneo. Ma ka kaohi ʻana i nā palena e like me ke kahe o ke au, ka uila, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kekahi mau paʻakai, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻomake electrolytic no nā ʻano wai hoʻoneoneo like ʻole me ka cyanide, inā paha he mau hui cyanide maʻalahi a paʻakikī paha.

Panina

Hāʻawi ke kaʻina hana hoʻomake electrolytic i kahi hopena hoʻohiki no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo sodium cyanide . Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hopena kemika e hana ʻia ma ka anode a me ka cathode, ke koho pono ʻana i nā mea electrode, ka kaohi ʻana i ka mahana, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nui kūpono o nā ion chloride, hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hoʻopau pono i ka haumia cyanide mai ka wai hoʻoneoneo. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana e ʻimi i nā ala kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi e hoʻokele i kā lākou ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomake electrolytic i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo i loaʻa ka cyanide. Eia nō naʻe, pono mau ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana, e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, a hoʻonui i kona pono holoʻokoʻa a me ke aloha i ke kaiapuni.