Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hana no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala sodium cyanide me ka hydrogen peroxide

Introduction

He kemika ʻawahia loa ka sodium cyanide i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ke kālai ʻana, ka electroplating, a me ka synthesis kemika. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka wai hoʻoneoneo i hana ʻia mai kēia mau kaʻina hana i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka cyanide, kahi e hoʻoweliweli nui ai i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia. Ua kū mai ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide ma ke ʻano he ala kūpono a palekana hoʻi no ka hana ʻana me ka wai hoʻoneoneo -Sodium Cyanide . Ke noiʻi nei kēia ʻatikala i ka hana hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Hydrogen Peroxide e mālama i kēlā wai hoʻoneoneo, e uhi ana i nā ʻano mai nā loina hana a hiki i nā kaʻina hana maoli.

Nā Kuʻuna Pane

Oxidation o Cyanide e ka Hydrogen Peroxide

ʻO ka hopena ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka Sodium Cyanide he kaʻina hana oxidation-reduction. I loko o kahi hopena wai, hana ka hydrogen peroxide ma ke ʻano he mea oxidizing. Hoʻopau ia i ka ion cyanide i loko o nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, uhaʻi ka hydrogen peroxide i ka pilina ikaika i loko o ka ion cyanide. Hoʻopau ʻia ke kalapona i loko o ka cyanide i kahi kūlana oxidation kiʻekiʻe aʻe, e hana ana i kahi ion ʻawaʻawa ʻole, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nitrogen ma ke ʻano he kinoea. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hopena no ka mea e hōʻemi nui ana i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka wai hoʻoneoneo.

Ke kuleana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe (koho)

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā catalysts e wikiwiki i ka hopena ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide. No ka laʻana, hiki i kekahi mau ʻiona metala hoʻololi ke hana ma ke ʻano he catalysts i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana pane e like me ka hopena Fenton. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā Catalysts i ka pale ikehu o ka hopena, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka cyanide e hiki koke i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā mea e like me ka nui o ka catalyst i hoʻohui ʻia, ka mālama ʻana i ka pH, a me ka pollution lua mai nā koena catalyst.

Ke Kaʻina Hana ma ka Hana Hana Hana

Hana mua i ka wai ʻino

Ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide, pono ka mālama mua ʻana i ka wai hoʻokahe wai me ka sodium cyanide . ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia hana ke hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH o ka wai hoʻokahe wai i kahi pae kūpono. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pH i kahi kūlana alkaline iki, ma kahi o 8 - 10. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Oxidation Reaction ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide i kahi ʻano alkaline. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka mālama mua ke pili i ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia nui, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana ma hope. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kānana e like me nā kānana one a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānana membrane no kēia kumu.

Hoʻohui Hydrogen Peroxide

A laila hoʻohui ʻia ka nui kūpono o ka hydrogen peroxide i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide ma muli o ka nui o ka cyanide i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. Ma ke ʻano laulā, hana mua ʻia nā helu ʻana e like me ka hopena kemika. Akā i ka hana maoli, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide e hōʻoia i ka oxidation piha o ka cyanide. ʻO ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana maʻamau ma ka pae o 30% - 50%. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hydrogen peroxide ma o nā pamu ana, hiki ke hoʻomalu pololei i ka nui o ke kahe a me ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide e komo ana i ka pahu mālama wai hoʻoheheʻe.

Pane a me ka hui ʻana

Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide, pono e hui pū ʻia ka wai ʻino e hōʻoia i ka pilina ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hui ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻouluulu mechanical, nā mea hoʻohui i ka ea, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua. ʻOkoʻa ka manawa pane ma muli o nā mea e like me ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka cyanide, ka mahana, a me ke alo o nā catalysts. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka manawa pane mai kekahi mau hola a i ʻumi mau hola. I loko o kēia manawa, he mea nui ka wela o ka hopena. ʻOiai hiki ke hana ʻia ka hopena ma ka lumi wela, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana i loko o kahi ākea (ʻo ka maʻamau ʻaʻole ma mua o 50°C) hiki ke wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki o ka pane. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka wela kiʻekiʻe ke kumu i ka decomposition o ka hydrogen peroxide, e hōʻemi ana i kona pono i ka mālama ʻana i ka cyanide.

Mahope - lapaau

Ke pau ka hopena, pono nā ʻanuʻu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui ma hope o ka mālama ʻana ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ke koena o ka hydrogen peroxide. Hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaiapuni ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide i loko o ka wai ʻōpala i mālama ʻia a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina hana lāʻau olaola hope inā e mālama hou ʻia ka wai ʻōpala i kahi ʻōnaehana mālama olaola. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke koena hydrogen peroxide ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa e like me ka sodium sulfite a i ʻole ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala decomposition catalytic. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ke koena o ka hydrogen peroxide, ʻo ka wai ʻino i mālama ʻia a laila e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai paʻa no ka wehe ʻana i nā wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu sedimentation, flotation device, a i ʻole nā ​​hui kānana no kēia. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻike ʻia ka wai ʻino i mālama ʻia e nānā inā kūpono ka cyanide i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu kūpono.

Nā mea nui e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana

Waiwai pH

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka waiwai o ka pH o ka wai ʻino i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide. I loko o kahi ʻakika, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide i loko o ka wai a me ka oxygen, e hōʻemi ana i kona hiki ke oxidize cyanide. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline nui, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide. ʻO ka pae pH maikaʻi loa no ka pane ʻana ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide ma kahi o 8 - 10. kahi e hiki ai i ka hopena ke hoʻomau maikaʻi a hoʻemi ʻia ka decomposition o ka hydrogen peroxide.

mahana

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mahana i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ka mea maʻamau e wikiwiki i ka hopena ma waena o ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka cyanide. Eia naʻe, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka decomposition o ka hydrogen peroxide. Ke piʻi ka mahana ma mua o 50 ° C, hiki ke wikiwiki ka decomposition o ka hydrogen peroxide e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide i loaʻa no ka cyanide oxidizing. No laila, i ka hana hana pono, pono e mālama pono ʻia ka mahana i loko o kahi ākea kūpono e kaulike ai i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hydrogen peroxide.

Ka nui o ka Cyanide a me ka Hydrogen Peroxide

ʻO ka neʻe mua ʻana o ka cyanide i loko o ka wai ʻino e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide e pono ai no ka oxidation piha. Pono ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide i ka nui o ka cyanide. Inā lawa ʻole ke ʻano o ka hydrogen peroxide, ʻaʻole i piha ka oxidation o ka cyanide, ka hopena i ka wai ʻino i mālama ʻia ʻaʻole i kūpono i nā kūlana. ʻAʻole hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide ʻaʻole wale e hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai lapaʻau akā pono pū kekahi ma hope o ka lāʻau paʻakikī e wehe i ka nui. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻoholo pololei ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka cyanide i loko o ka wai ʻino a me ka hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hydrogen peroxide he mea pono no ka mālama pono.

Hoʻopaʻa hihia i loko o kahi ʻoihana mining

I loko o kahi hana ʻeli gula, hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka sodium cyanide i ke kaʻina hana ʻohi gula, e hana ana i ka nui o ka cyanide - i loko o ka wai ʻino. Ua lawe ka maina i ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hydrogen peroxide. ʻO ka mua, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka wai ʻōpala i loko o kahi pahu mālama nui. Hoʻololi ʻia ka pH o ka wai ʻino i 9 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lime. A laila, hoʻohui ʻia he 35% hydrogen peroxide i ka wai ʻino ma o ka pauma ana. Ua helu ʻia ka huina hoʻohui ma muli o ka ʻike cyanide i loko o ka wai ʻino, me ka hoʻonui iki ʻana e hōʻoia i ka oxidation piha.

Ua hui ʻia ka wai ʻōpala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini hoʻouluulu no 8 mau hola. I loko o kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ka mahana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonā ma kahi o 35 ° C ma o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha a me ka wela. Ma hope o ka hopena, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka sodium sulfite e decompose i ke koena hydrogen peroxide. Hoʻouna ʻia ka wai ʻino i mālama ʻia i kahi pahu sedimentation no ka hoʻokaʻawale wai paʻa. Ua kālailai ʻia ka supernatant, a ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike cyanide i loko o ka wai ʻino i mālama ʻia mai kahi waiwai mua o 500 mg/L a i lalo o 0.5 mg/L, e hālāwai ana i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu kaiapuni kūloko. Hōʻike kēia hihia i ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau hydrogen peroxide i kahi ʻoihana honua maoli.

Panina

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide o ka Sodium Cyanide Wastewater he ʻano hana kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka hana ʻoihana. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā loina hana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kahe o ke kaʻina hana, a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea koʻikoʻi e like me ka pH, ka mahana, a me nā dosages reagent, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka mālama kiʻekiʻe o ka wai hoʻoneoneo i loaʻa ka cyanide. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lula kaiapuni. I ka lilo ʻana o nā koi kaiapuni i mea paʻakikī, manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide no ka wai hoʻoneoneo sodium cyanide e pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni kaiaola.