ʻO nā noi ʻoihana o ka sodium cyanide: nā hana he nui mai ka Mining a hiki i ka Chemical Synthesis

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, kahi mea kemika e kani weliweli ana, he kuleana koʻikoʻi a like ʻole i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana. Loaʻa ia ma nā ʻoihana he nui, mai hoʻouku i Kemikala kemikala, a he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hou.

Eli Gula ma ka Eli

I ka ʻoihana mining, ʻo ka hoʻohana kaulana loa o ʻO ka sodium Cyanide no ka Wehe Gula. Loaʻa pinepine ke gula ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā ores a paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale pololei. Hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hana kemika me ke gula e hana i ka wai - he gula hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe - cyanide complexes. Penei ke kaʻina hana maʻamau: ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana o ke gula - e loaʻa ana i ka ore e like me ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka wili ʻana, ua hui pū ʻia me kahi hopena i loaʻa ka sodium cyanide, a hoʻokomo ʻia ka ea. Ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline, hana ka cyanide ion (CN⁻) i ka sodium cyanide me ke gula penei: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+4NaOH. Hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ke gula - cyanide complex mai ka hopena ma o ke ʻano o nā kaʻina hana hope, e like me ka neʻe ʻana me ka pauka zinc, e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke gula mai nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohi gula, e hiki ai ke hoʻokele waiwai i nā ores gula haʻahaʻa i paʻakikī mua i ka hoʻohana ʻana, e waiho ana i kahi kumu paʻa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana gula honua. I kekahi mau mines gula nui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka sodium cyanide i kēlā me kēia lā e hana i nā ʻumi kaukani tona o ka ʻohe, e hana mau ana i ke gula makamae.

Mea Maka no ka Hoʻohui Kemika

Ma ke kahua o ka hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ʻo ka sodium cyanide kahi mea waiwai nui. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻolauna i ka pūʻulu hana cyano (-CN), kahi mea nui i loko ʻOihana synthes a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i mau pūʻulu hana ʻē aʻe ma o nā hopena kemika ma hope, e like me ka pūʻulu carboxyl (-COOH) a me ka pūʻulu amino (-NH₂). No ka laʻana, ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi hydrocarbon halogenated me ka sodium cyanide i loko o kahi pane hoʻololi nucleophilic, ua pani ʻia ka atom halogen e ka hui cyano e hana i kahi pūhui nitrile. Lawe i ka hopena o ka ethyl bromide a me ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he laʻana: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. ʻO ka propionitrile i hanaʻia e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hydrolyzed no ka loaʻaʻana o ka propionic acid a iʻole e ho'ēmiʻia e loaʻa ka propylamine. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka hoʻokomoʻana i kahi hui cyano ma o ka sodium cyanide a laila hoʻololi i ka hui hana e hāʻawi i kahi ala koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻololiʻana i keʻano o nā pūhui organik a hoʻohana nuiʻia i nāʻoihana e like me ka synthesis lāʻau a me ka synthesis dye. ʻO nā ala synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide, a ua like ia me ke kī "kūkulu hale" no ke kūkulu ʻana i ke ʻano o nā molekala organik.

ʻOihana Kimia Maikaʻi

I ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kemika maikaʻi, ʻo ka sodium cyanide kekahi hana koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau plastics ʻenekinia kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻohui lāʻau, hiki i nā hopena e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide ke hāʻawi i nā huahana me nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa. I ka synthesis o ka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, i kapa ʻia ʻo plexiglass), hoʻohana ʻia kahi intermediate synthesized me ke komo ʻana o ka sodium cyanide. Ma o nā hopena kemika kūikawā, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka cyano - i loko o ka pūhui i monomer me kahi ʻano kikoʻī a me nā waiwai, a laila polymerized no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea PMMA me ka hana maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea i ka māla optical, hoʻonaninani hale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana vulcanization o ka lāʻau a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o nā huahana rubber, e hiki ai i nā huahana rubber ke hoʻokō maikaʻi i nā pono o nā hiʻohiʻona noi ikaika kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kāʻei conveyor ʻoihana.

Nā noi ma ka ʻoihana Electroplating

ka ʻOihana Electroplating ʻO kekahi kahua noi nui o ka sodium cyanide. I ke kaʻina hana electroplating, pono ia e waiho i kahi papa o nā metala ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻili o kahi metala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa corrosion, decorativeness a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka metala. He nui nā hana o ka sodium cyanide i ka solution electroplating. Ma ka lima hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā paʻa paʻa me nā ion metala i loko o ka hopena plating, e kāohi ana i ka helu deposition o nā ion metala ma ka ʻili cathode, i ʻoi aku ke ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o ka uhi. No ka laʻana, ma ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe keleawe, hana ka sodium cyanide i nā ion paʻakikī e like me [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ me nā ion keleawe. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau ion paʻakikī ma ka cathode, hiki ke waiho like ʻia nā ʻātoma keleawe ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e loaʻa ai kahi uhi keleawe a me ka paʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity uila o ka solution plating a me ka hiki ke hoʻopuehu o ka solution plating, e hiki ai i nā mea hana paʻakikī ke loaʻa i kahi hopena uhi maikaʻi. ʻOiai ma muli o ka ʻona o ka sodium cyanide, cyanide - free electroplating kaʻina hana i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma kekahi mau kula me nā koi kiʻekiʻe loa no ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana, e like me ka electroplating o nā ʻāpana uila a me nā ʻāpana aerospace, ʻo ka cyanide - loaʻa i ke kaʻina electroplating e noho mau ana i kekahi māhele mākeke ma muli o kāna mau pono kūʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka sodium cyanide ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana nui i kēia mau noi kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Hana Hana ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i nā hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. I ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide no ka mālama cyaniding o ke kila. Ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kila i loko o kahi kaiapuni i loaʻa ka sodium cyanide a me nā mea hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka nitrogen a me ke kalapona i loko o ka ʻili o ke kila e hana i kahi papa cyanide me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai anti-seizure maikaʻi, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana piha o ka ʻili kila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i ka hana o ka mīkini hana a me nā ʻāpana automotive. Ma kekahi mau kaʻina hana metallurgical kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kekahi mau metala laha. Ma ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī me nā metala laha ʻole, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā metala liʻiliʻi mai nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ana i nā hiki no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā metala liʻiliʻi.

Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e ʻike maopopo he mea ʻawaʻawa loa ka sodium cyanide a hoʻoweliweli nui i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka. I ka wā o kāna hana ʻana, mālama ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e mālama pono ʻia nā lula palekana kūpono a me nā koi palekana o ka nohona, a pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻano pale kūpono a me nā ʻano hana ʻōpala e hōʻoia i ka mālama pono ʻana o kāna mau pōʻino. ʻOiai he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka sodium cyanide i ka ʻoihana, me ka holomua mau o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe i nā mea ʻē aʻe palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i kēia mea ʻona loa. Akā i kēia manawa, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kemika kūʻokoʻa, noho paʻa ka sodium cyanide i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana he nui, mai ka mining a hiki i ka synthesis kemika, e hoʻomau mau ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hou.