Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Potassium Hydroxide a me Sodium Hydroxide

Ma ke aupuni kemika, ʻelua ʻO ka pākūkaha pāhau (KOH) a ʻO ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH), i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ka caustic potash a me ka caustic soda, paʻa i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi. ʻOiai ke kaʻana like ʻana me nā kumu ikaika, loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ʻatikala e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike piha o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka potassium hydroxide a me ka sodium hydroxide.

Nā Pono Kemika a me nā Kino

Hoʻokumu a me ka hoʻohuihui

Loaʻa ka pāuma hydroxide i hoʻokahi atomika potassium (K), hoʻokahi ʻātoma oxygen (O), a hoʻokahi ʻātoma hydrogen (H), me ke ʻano kemika KOH. ʻO ka sodium hydroxide, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua haku ʻia me hoʻokahi ʻātoma sodium (Na), hoʻokahi ʻātoma oxygen, a hoʻokahi ʻātoma hydrogen, i hōʻike ʻia ʻo NaOH. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka cation metala (potassium vs. sodium) he kumu a kōkua i ka nui o kā lākou mau waiwai like ʻole.

ʻO ke kino a me ka hoʻoheheʻe

He keʻokeʻo nā pūhui ʻelua, hygroscopic solids i ka lumi wela, e komo koke i ka makū mai ka lewa. Eia naʻe, hōʻike lākou i nā ʻokoʻa i ka solubility. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka potassium hydroxide i ka wai, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka nui o ka wela i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hiki ke hoʻonā i ka wela loa. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol a me ka methanol. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka wai, i hui pū ʻia me kahi hopena exothermic kaulana. Akā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka solubility o ka potassium hydroxide i kekahi mau mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, e lilo ia i mea koho maikaʻi loa i kekahi mau kaʻina kemika kūikawā.

Lae hehee a me ka paila

He wahi hehee ko ka potassium hydroxide ma kahi o 360 °C (680 °F) a me ka paila ma kahi o 1.324 °C (2.415 °F). ʻO ka sodium hydroxide, ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu heheʻe ma kahi o 318 °C (604 °F) a me ka paila ma 1.388 °C (2.530 °F). Hiki i kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe, me kēlā me kēia i koho ʻia ma muli o nā koi wela kūikawā o kahi kaʻina.

Nā Hana Hoʻomākaukau

Hana Hana o ka Potassium Hydroxide

ʻO ka ʻenehana, hana nui ʻia ka potassium hydroxide ma o ka electrolysis of potassium chloride (KCl) solutions, kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaʻina chloralkali. Ma kēia ʻano hana, ua hoʻoili ʻia kahi ʻea uila ma o ka hopena potassium chloride i loko o kahi cell electrolytic. Ma ka anode, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ions chloride e hana i ke kinoea chlorine, ʻoiai ma ka cathode, hoʻemi ʻia ka wai, e hana ana i ke kinoea hydrogen a me nā ion hydroxide. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ion potassium me nā ion hydroxide e hana i ka potassium hydroxide.

Hana Hana Hana o Sodium Hydroxide

Hoʻopuka pū ʻia ka sodium hydroxide ma o ke kaʻina chloralkali, akā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium chloride (NaCl) i mea hoʻomaka. E like me ka hana ʻana o ka potassium hydroxide, electrolysis o kahi solution sodium chloride e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka sodium hydroxide ma ka cathode, me ka hana ʻana o ke kinoea chlorine ma ka anode a me ke kinoea hydrogen ma ka cathode. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana aia i nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia, me ka hana ʻana o ka potassium hydroxide e hilinaʻi ana i ka potassium - i loko o nā paʻakai a me ka hana ʻana o ka sodium hydroxide ma ka sodium - nā paʻakai.

noi

Ma ka Hana Kemika

I ka hana kemika, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka potassium hydroxide i ka hana ʻana i nā kemika i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka potassium phosphates, he mau mea kanu koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka synthesis o kekahi mau polymers a ma ke ʻano he catalyst i kekahi mau hopena kūlohelohe. ʻO ka sodium hydroxide, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā kopa a me nā mea holoi. Ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo saponification, hana ia me nā momona a me nā aila e hana ai i nā molekole kopa a me ka glycerol. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa, kahi e kōkua ai i ke kaʻina pulping e wāwahi i ka lignin, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā fiber cellulose no ka hana pepa.

I ka Electroplating a me ka Metala Hana

Loaʻa ka potassium hydroxide i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻauʻau electroplating, ʻoi loa no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kekahi mau metala e like me ka zinc. ʻO kona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā metala oxides a mālama i kahi kaiapuni alkaline he mea maikaʻi ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi uhi metala maʻemaʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sodium hydroxide i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala a me nā kaʻina hana mālama ʻili. Hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka momona, ka aila, a me ka ʻōpala mai nā ʻili metala, e hoʻomākaukau ana iā lākou no ka hana hou ʻana e like me ke pena ʻana a i ʻole ka plating.

Ma nā meaʻai a me nā mea kūʻai aku

He palena wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka potassium hydroxide i ka ʻoihana meaʻai. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana koko e hoʻoponopono i ka pH, e pili ana i ka ʻono a me ke kala o ka huahana hope. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā pretzels palupalu e hana i ke ʻano ʻano chewy. ʻO ka sodium hydroxide, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoliva e wehe i ko lākou ʻawaʻawa. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau meaʻai - mānoanoa a me nā stabilizers.

Ka palekana a me ka lawelawe ʻana

ʻO ka potassium hydroxide a me ka sodium hydroxide he mau mea ʻino loa. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i ka ʻili, nā maka, a me ka ʻōpū hanu ke hoʻopili ʻia. I ka lawelawe ʻana i kēia mau kemika, pono e ʻaʻahu ʻia nā lako pale pilikino (PPE) e like me nā mīkina lima, nā maka aniani, a me nā ʻaʻahu lab. Inā pili i ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​maka, pono ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai me ka nui o ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o kā lākou hana ʻana a me ka solubility, ʻokoʻa iki ke ʻano o nā pōʻino. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka solubility o ka potassium hydroxide i kekahi mau mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻolaha wikiwiki i kekahi mau kaiapuni, e hoʻonui ana i ka pilikia o ka ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau hihia.

I ka hopena, ʻoiai ʻo ka potassium hydroxide a me ka sodium hydroxide kaʻana like i ke ʻano maʻamau o ke kumu ikaika, ʻo kā lākou ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai kemika a me ke kino, nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau, nā noi, a me nā noʻonoʻo palekana e kūpono iā lākou no nā kumu ʻokoʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa no ka poʻe chemists, nā ʻenekinia, a me nā limahana ʻoihana e hoʻohana pono i kēia mau mea kemika me ka palekana i kahi ākea o nā noi.