ʻO nā noi o Sodium Cyanide i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau

Sodium cyanide, me ke ano kemika NaCN, he mea keokeo, wai - hiki ke hooheheeia, a he mea make loa. ʻOiai kona kaulana kaulana ma muli o kona ʻona, he hana koʻikoʻi ia i ka Ahalohalani ma ke ʻano he reagent kemika nui i nā kaʻina hana synthetic.

1. Hoʻohui i nā mea waena

1.1 ʻO ka Cyanohydrin Synthesis

ʻO kekahi o nā noi nui o ʻO ka sodium Cyanide i ka pharmaceutical synthesis aia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā cyanohydrins. Ke hana ka aldehyde a i ʻole ketone me ka sodium cyanide ma ke alo o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe waika (maʻa mau he ʻakika nāwaliwali), hana ʻia kahi cyanohydrin. ʻO ke ʻano hana hoʻololi e pili ana i ka hoʻohui nucleophilic o ka cyanide ion (CN-) i ke kalapona kalapona o ka aldehyde a i ʻole ketone. No ka laʻana, i ka synthesis o mandelonitrile, benzaldehyde reacts me ʻO Sodium cyanide. Hōʻike ʻia kēia pane ʻana penei:

ʻO Mandelonitrile a me nā cyanohydrin ʻē aʻe he mau mea koʻikoʻi i ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia lākou i nā pūhui me nā hana olaola like ʻole, e like me alpha - hydroxy acids a me alpha - amino acids, he mau ʻāpana nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

1.2 Hoʻohui Nitrile

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium cyanide e synthesize i nā nitriles. I loko o kahi pane SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular), hana nā alkyl halides me ka sodium cyanide e hana i nā nitriles. No ka laʻana, ke hana ʻia ka bromoethane me ka sodium cyanide, hana ʻia ka propionitrile:

ʻO nā nitriles he mau poloka kūkulu hale maʻamau i ka kemika lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā ʻakika carboxylic, hoʻemi ʻia i nā amine, a i ʻole e hana hou ʻia e hana i nā pūhui heterocyclic. Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā pūʻulu hana nitrile, e hāʻawi i kā lākou mau waiwai pharmacological, e like me kekahi mau antifungal a me nā mea antibacterial.

2. Hana ʻia o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā

2.1 Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Synthesis

ʻO Cyanocobalamin, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka huaʻa B12. he mea nui ia no ke ola kino kanaka. ʻO ka synthesis o cyanocobalamin e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide. I ka pae hope loa o kekahi mau ala synthetic, hoʻopili ʻia kahi cobalt - loaʻa ka waena me ka sodium cyanide e hoʻolauna i ka hui cyanide, kahi ʻano o ka cyanocobalamin. ʻO ka hui cyanide i loko o ka cyanocobalamin he paʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana physiological a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana i ka hana olaola o ka huaora. He mea koʻikoʻi ka Vitamin B12 no ka synthesis DNA, ka hana nerve, a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a me kāna hana synthetic me ka sodium cyanide e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka koi no nā meaʻai meaʻai a me nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau.

2.2 Hoʻohui ʻia o kekahi mau lāʻau anti - cancer

I ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau anti-cancer, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka synthesis o nā waena waena. No ka laʻana, i ka synthesis o kekahi indole - based anti - cancer compound, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i loko o ke ʻano o nā hopena e kūkulu i ka molecular framework. Hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia nā pūʻulu nitrile i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka sodium cyanide i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka pili o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, keʻakeʻa i nā enzyme kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa, a i ʻole e hoʻopau i nā ala metabolic o ka cell cancer.

3. Nā pilikia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Sodium Cyanide

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e hele mai me nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ma muli o kona ʻona nui loa. Pono nā hana palekana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana, mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pono nā lako kūikawā a me nā limahana i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e pale i ka leakage a i ʻole ka ʻike. I ke kaʻina hana, hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe kūpono e pale aku i ka inhalation o kekahi cyanide - loaʻa i ka mahu. Eia kekahi, he mea koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala. Pono e mālama pono ʻia nā ʻōpala i loaʻa ka sodium cyanide a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana hopena e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻokahe e hoʻololi i nā pūhui cyanide ʻona loa i mau mea ʻino ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana.

4. Hoʻopiʻi hou

Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻano hana synthetic ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a palekana. ʻOiai ke noho nei ka sodium cyanide i mea hoʻokalakupua koʻikoʻi i ka synthesis lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia manawa, ke hoʻoikaika ʻia nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ala ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia pūhui ʻona. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma muli o ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi o ka sodium cyanide i kekahi mau ala synthetic, e hoʻomau paha ia i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i ka noiʻi ke nānā aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻoponopono i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hōʻemi i nā pilikia e pili ana i kāna hoʻohana ʻana a i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā analogs palekana a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻolālā synthetic ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i nā huahana lāʻau like me nā hopohopo i hoʻemi ʻia.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai kona ʻona, ua hana nui i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau nui a me nā mea waena. ʻO kāna hoʻohana kūpono a palekana, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana e ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau.