He aha nā māhele hoʻohana maʻamau o ka sodium cyanide?

He hui inorganic ʻawahia loa ka sodium cyanide (NaCN) me nā ʻano hana like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana he nui. ʻOiai kona ʻano weliweli, ʻo kona mau waiwai kemika kū hoʻokahi e lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana he nui. Ke nānā nei kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Sodium cyanide.

ʻOihana hoʻouku

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana kaulana loa o ka Sodium Cyanide ma ka ʻoihana Mining , ʻoiai no ka unuhi ʻana i nā metala makamae. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia ke gula a me ke kālā, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā ores haʻahaʻa, mai ka pōhaku a puni me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo cyanidation. I ke alo o ka oxygen a me ka wai, hana ka sodium cyanide me ke gula a i ʻole ke kālā e hana i nā metala hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia - nā hui cyanide. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena me ke gula penei:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i nā metala makamae mai ka nui o ka oka. Hoʻohana ʻia ka cyanidation no ka unuhi ʻana i nā metala ʻē aʻe e like me ke keleawe, zinc, a me nā metala pūʻulu platinum i kekahi mau hihia. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka ʻawaʻawa o ka cyanide, ua kau ʻia nā hana koʻikoʻi kaiapuni a me ka palekana e pale aku i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka cyanide - loaʻa nā effluents i loko o ke kaiapuni.

Electroplating a me ka Lapaʻau ʻili

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka sodium cyanide i nā kaʻina hana Electroplating . Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana nui i nā ʻauʻau electroplating no ka waiho ʻana i nā metala e like me ke keleawe, ke kālā, ka cadmium, a me ka zinc ma luna o nā substrates like ʻole. I loko o ka hopena electroplating, hana nā ions cyanide ma nā ʻano he nui. Kōkua lākou i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka polarization anode, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka metala anode. ʻO ka hopena kēia i kahi lako paʻa a kūlike o nā ions metala i loko o ka hopena. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui nā ions cyanide i ka polarization cathode, kahi e paipai ai i ka waiho like ʻana o ka metala ma ka ʻili cathode, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe, i uhi like ʻia. No ka laʻana, i ka electroplating kālā, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide i loko o ka ʻauʻau plating e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi uhi kālā ʻālohilohi a paʻa i nā mea e like me nā mea hoʻonani a me nā pilina uila.

Kemikala kemikala

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Hana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea maka nui no ka hana ʻana o nā cyanides inorganic he nui . No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i ka potassium cyanide (KCN), kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka sodium cyanide me nā paʻakai potassium ma o nā hopena metathesis, hiki ke loaʻa ka potassium cyanide. ʻO nā Cyanides inorganic koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), kahi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka electroplating a ma ke ʻano he catalyst i kekahi mau hopena kemika, a me ke keleawe(I) cyanide (CuCN), i hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis organik a me ka electroplating, ua hana ʻia hoʻi mai ka sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

I loko o ke kemika organik, he nucleophile ikaika ka sodium cyanide. Hiki iā ia ke komo i nā hopena e like me nā hoʻololi hoʻololi nucleophilic me nā alkyl halides. ʻO kēia pane, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Kolbe nitrile synthesis, he ala koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i nā kaulahao kalapona. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana o kahi alkyl halide (R - X) me ka sodium cyanide, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi alkyl nitrile (R - CN):

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia nā nitriles i loaʻa i loko o nā pūhui organik ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā waikawa carboxylic a i ʻole e hoʻemi ʻia e hana i nā amine, ʻo ia nā poloka hale pono i ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, polymers, a me nā huahana organik ʻē aʻe.

Ahalohalani

Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka synthesis o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, pili ia i ka hana ʻana o nā pūhui e like me ka cyanacetic acid a me kāna mau derivatives. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cyanacetic acid e synthesize i nā lāʻau e like me barbiturates, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā sedatives a me nā hypnotics. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka synthesis o kekahi mau amino acids, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana kumu o nā protein. Hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau amino acids ma o nā ala synthetic e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka a reagent i nā ʻanuʻu pane koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau amino acids i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai a i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻOihana Wailu a me Textile

1. Hana Hana

I loko o ka ʻoihana dye, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau mea pena a me nā mea waena. No ka laʻana, pili ia i ka synthesis o ka cyanuric chloride, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i nā dyes reactive. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā dyes reactive i loko o ka ʻoihana textile ma muli o ko lākou mau ʻano colorfastness maikaʻi loa. Hiki i ka Cyanuric chloride ke hoʻopili me nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻano like ʻole e hana i kahi ākea o nā hale kala i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa covalently i nā fiber textile, e hāʻawi ana i ka waihoʻoluʻu lōʻihi.

2.Textile Processing

I ka ʻoihana textile, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mordant i kekahi mau hana kala. Kōkua ka mordant i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kala i ka lole, e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika o ke kala a me ka lōʻihi o ka mea i pena ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kekahi mau kaʻina hana lapaʻau no ka textiles, e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana mīkini hana kila kahi e komo ai i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka carburizing wai a me ka nitriding e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea metala.

Hoʻopau Pest a me Fumigation

Ma muli o kona ʻano ʻawaʻawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka mālama ʻana i nā pest, ʻoi loa i ka wā ma mua no nā kumu fumigation. Ma nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me nā hale kūʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā fumigants i loaʻa i ka sodium cyanide e pepehi i nā mea ʻino e like me nā iniseti, nā koʻokoʻo, a me kekahi mau haʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua emi nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide i ka mālama ʻana i nā pest i nā makahiki i hala ma muli o kona ʻona nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hana hoʻomalu pest ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā lula palekana koʻikoʻi i kēia manawa ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia wahi e pale aku i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke kanaka a me nā mea ola ʻole.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai kona ʻona, he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi me ka nui o nā noi i nā ʻoihana e like me ka mining, electroplating, chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, dye and textile, a me ka mālama pest. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana e koi i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i nā lula palekana a me ke kaiapuni e hōʻemi i nā pilikia i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni.