Nā noi a me nā pilikia o ka sodium cyanide i ka ʻoihana uila

Ma ke kahua hana kikoʻī o ka ʻoihana uila , ʻo Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), kahi mea ʻawahia loa, ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi ma muli o kona mau waiwai kemika kū hoʻokahi. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohuihui ikaika a me ka mea hoʻemi, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka sodium cyanide i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana uila, ka hana semiconductor, ka hana ʻana i nā pila, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kona ʻawahia kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia kaiapuni e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka ʻoihana. E ʻeli kēia ʻatikala i nā hiʻohiʻona noi o Sodium cyanide i ka ʻoihana uila a kālailai i nā pilikia loea a me ka palekana kaiapuni e kū nei.

I. Nā noi kumu o Sodium Cyanide i ka ʻoihana uila

1.Metal Surface Treatment a me Electroplating

He mea nui ka sodium cyanide i nā kaʻina hana Electroplating kuʻuna , ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā papa kaapuni paʻi (PCB) a me nā mea hoʻohui, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai no ka mālama ʻana i nā metala e like me ke keleawe, ke gula, a me ke kālā. Ma o ka hana paʻakikī o ka sodium cyanide, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka waiho like ʻana o nā ion metala, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka compactness a me ka conductivity uila o ka uhi ʻana. No ka laʻana, i ke kaʻina hana metallization micro-hole o nā PCB kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke kāohi pono i ka helu waiho ʻana o ke keleawe, e pale ana i nā hemahema pōkole a i ʻole nā ​​​​hemahema wehe.

2. Semiconductor Mea Hana Hana

I ka hana ʻana i ka semiconductor chip, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke kālai ʻana o ka ʻili wafer. No ka laʻana, ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i ka wafer silicon, hiki i ka solution sodium cyanide ke wehe i nā koena metala a pale i nā kaapuni pōkole. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kāna waiwai hoʻemi ikaika no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau semiconductors pūhui (e like me GaAs), e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka hāmeʻa.

3.Battery and Energy Storage Technology

I ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea electrode maikaʻi no nā pā lithium-ion a me nā ʻāpana nickel-metal hydride, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea paʻakikī e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka morphology a me ka nui o nā mea hao mua, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki a me ke ola pōʻai. No ka laʻana, i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea electrode maikaʻi ternary (e like me NCM), hiki i ka hopena corecipitation e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide ke hoʻonui i ka hāʻawi ʻana.

4. Hana hou i ka ʻōpala uila

I ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala uila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hoʻokahe maikaʻi i nā metala makamae e like me ke gula a me ke kālā mai nā papa kaapuni 废旧. Hiki i kona mana paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā metala makamae ma ke ʻano o ka cyanide complexes, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana.

II. ʻO nā pilikia ʻenehana a me ke kaiapuni i alo ʻia e ka sodium cyanide

1.High Toxicity Risk and Safety Control

He mea ʻawahia loa ka sodium cyanide (ʻo ka awelika make o LD50 he 6.4 mg/kg wale nō), a ʻo ka pili ʻana me kona lepo a i ʻole ka hopena ma o ka ʻili, ka hanu ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻia ʻana he mea make ia. Pono nā hale hana uila e hoʻolako ʻia me nā lako palekana koʻikoʻi, nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai ʻino, a me nā ʻano hana pane ulia pōpilikia, e hopena ana i ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hana. Eia kekahi, he nui nā wahi a puni ka honua (e like me ka European Union a me Kina) e hoʻokō i kahi ʻōnaehana laikini no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cyanides , e kaupalena hou ana i kāna laulā noi.

2. Hoʻohaumia Kaiapuni a me nā pōʻino ʻino

Inā hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia ka wai ʻino i loko o ka cyanide me ka ʻole o ka mālama pono ʻana, e hana ʻia ka hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ma o ka decomposition i loko o nā kino wai maoli, e hoʻoweliweli ana i nā meaola wai a me ke olakino kanaka. Pono nā ʻano lapaʻau kuʻuna (e like me ke ʻano alkaline chlorination) i ka nui o nā oxidants a hiki ke hana i ka pollution lua (e like me ka chlorine-loaʻa nā huahana). No laila, pono nā ʻoihana uila e hoʻolilo i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā keʻena hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai holomua.

3. ʻO nā Bottlenecks ʻenehana o nā mea pani

ʻOiai ua holomua nā ʻenehana electroplating cyanide-free (e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana paʻakikī e like me EDTA a me citrates), ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi piha i ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana (e like me ke kūlike a me ka hoʻopili) a me ka paʻa o ka hana. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cyanide-free gula plating ʻenehana i nā mea hoʻohui uila i loaʻa ka pilikia o ke kūpaʻa pili kiʻekiʻe, e kaupalena ana i kāna hoʻolaha.

4. Hoʻoponopono a me ka Social Pressure

Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike honua i ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ke lilo nei ka nānā ʻana o nā Cyanide e nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i mea paʻa loa. No ka laʻana, ua helu ka lula REACH o ka EU i ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he mea hopohopo nui loa (SVHC), e koi ana i nā ʻoihana e hāʻawi i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke koi a nā mea kūʻai aku no nā "huahana uila ʻōmaʻomaʻo" e koi pū i nā mea hana e hoʻololi i nā kaʻina hana palekana.

III. Nā Kūlana Pane ʻOihana a me nā ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana

1. Hoʻololi ʻenehana: Hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻina hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo

• ʻO ka ʻenehana Electroplating ʻAʻohe Cyanide : Ke noiʻi nei nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui bio-based (e like me chitosan) a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai ionic e pani i nā cyanides, e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻawahia.

• Nā Kaʻina Hana Maloʻo : Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻenehana maloʻo e like me ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kino (PVD) a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kemika (CVD) e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā reagents kemika wai.

• Hana Akamai : Ke hoʻonui nei i nā palena electroplating ma o nā algorithms AI e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hua huahana.

2.Circular Economy and Resource Recycling

Ke hoʻolauna mālie nei nā ʻoihana uila i kahi kumu hoʻokele hoʻokele pani pani. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ion e hana hou i nā cyanides a me nā ion metala i ka wai ʻino, e loaʻa ai ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa i kahi mea hana PCB alakaʻi i ka sodium cyanide recycling rate ma luna o 90%, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka ʻai a me ka pollution.

3. Kulekele a me ka Hui Hana Hana

Hiki i ke aupuni ke paipai i nā ʻoihana e hoʻokō i nā kaʻina hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma o nā ʻauhau ʻauhau, nā kōkua R&D, a me nā kulekele ʻē aʻe, a ma ka manawa like e paipai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana ʻoihana (e like me ka "Administrative Measures for the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products"). Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka launa pū ʻana o nā ʻoihana i ka upstream a me lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana (e like me nā mea hoʻolako waiwai a me nā mea hana mea hana).

Panina

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide i ka ʻoihana uila e hōʻike ana i ka kūʻē ʻana ma waena o nā mea kemika e hāpai ana i ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻOiai paʻakikī ke hoʻololi piha ʻia i ka wā pōkole, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka kemika ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hana akamai, ke hoʻolalelale nei ka ʻoihana uila i kona hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ala palekana a ʻoi aku ka paʻa. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hana ʻenehana, alakaʻi kulekele, a me ka hui ʻana o nā ʻoihana ke kī i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, e kōkua ana i ka ʻoihana uila e hoʻokō i ka pahuhopu lanakila-lanakila o ka "high efficiency" a me ka "greenness".