ʻO nā noi ʻoihana o ka sodium cyanide: nā hana he nui mai ka Mining a hiki i ka Chemical Synthesis

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, kahi mea kemika e kani weliweli ana, he kuleana koʻikoʻi a ʻano like ʻole ia ma ke kahua ʻoihana. Loaʻa ia ma nā ʻoihana he nui, mai ka Mining a i ka Chemical Synthesis , a he hopena koʻikoʻi kona i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana hou.

Eli Gula ma ka Eli

I loko o ka ʻoihana mining, ʻo ka hoʻohana kaulana loa o Sodium Cyanide no ka Gold Extraction . Loaʻa pinepine ke gula ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā ores a he paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale pololei. Hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hana kemika me ke gula e hana i nā hui gula-cyanide hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī penei: ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka ore i loaʻa ke gula i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua e like me ka kuʻi ʻana a me ka wili ʻana, ua hui pū ʻia me kahi hopena i loaʻa ka sodium cyanide, a hoʻokomo ʻia ka ea. Ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline, hana ka ion cyanide (CN⁻) i loko o ka sodium cyanide me ke gula penei: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+4NaOH. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hui gula-cyanide i hana ʻia mai ka hopena ma o kekahi mau kaʻina hana ma hope, e like me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana me ka pauka zinc, e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke gula mai nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia ʻano hana i ka pono o ka unuhi gula ʻana, e hiki ai ke eli waiwai i nā ʻoaka gula haʻahaʻa i paʻakikī ke hoʻohana mua, e kau ana i kahi kahua paʻa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana gula honua. Ma kekahi mau lua gula nui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka sodium cyanide i kēlā me kēia lā e hana i nā ʻumi tausani tone o ka ʻoaka, e hana mau ana i ke gula makamae.

Mea Maka no ka Hoʻohui Kemika

Ma ke kahua o ka synthesis kemika organik, he mea maka koʻikoʻi loa ka sodium cyanide. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻolauna i ka hui hana cyano (-CN), he mea nui loa ia i ka Organic Synthesis a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā hui hana like ʻole ma o nā hopena kemika ma hope, e like me ka hui carboxyl (-COOH) a me ka hui amino (-NH₂). No ka laʻana, i ka wā e hana ai kahi hydrocarbon halogenated me ka sodium cyanide i loko o kahi hopena pani nucleophilic, ua pani ʻia ka ʻātoma halogen e ka hui cyano e hana i kahi hui nitrile. Ke lawe nei i ka hopena o ka ethyl bromide a me ka sodium cyanide ma ke ʻano he laʻana: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. Hiki ke hydrolyzed hou ʻia ka propionitrile i hana ʻia e loaʻa ai ka waikawa propionic a i ʻole e hoʻemi ʻia e loaʻa ai ka propylamine. ʻO kēia ʻano hana o ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi hui cyano ma o ka sodium cyanide a laila hoʻololi i ka hui hana e hāʻawi i kahi ala koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā hui organik a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka synthesis lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka synthesis dye. ʻO nā ala synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau he nui e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide, a ua like ia me kahi "poloka hale" koʻikoʻi no ke kūkulu ʻana i ke ʻano o nā molekala organik.

ʻOihana Kimia Maikaʻi

I ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kemika maikaʻi, ʻo ka sodium cyanide kekahi hana koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau plastics ʻenekinia kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻohui lāʻau, hiki i nā hopena e pili ana i ka sodium cyanide ke hāʻawi i nā huahana me nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa. I ka synthesis o ka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, i kapa ʻia ʻo plexiglass), hoʻohana ʻia kahi intermediate synthesized me ke komo ʻana o ka sodium cyanide. Ma o nā hopena kemika kūikawā, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka cyano - i loko o ka pūhui i monomer me kahi ʻano kikoʻī a me nā waiwai, a laila polymerized no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea PMMA me ka hana maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea i ka māla optical, hoʻonaninani hale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana vulcanization o ka lāʻau a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o nā huahana rubber, e hiki ai i nā huahana rubber ke hoʻokō maikaʻi i nā pono o nā hiʻohiʻona noi ikaika kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kāʻei conveyor ʻoihana.

Nā noi ma ka ʻoihana Electroplating

ʻO ka ʻOihana Electroplating kekahi kahua noi koʻikoʻi o ka sodium cyanide. I ke kaʻina hana electroplating, pono e waiho like i kahi papa o nā metala ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi metala e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ka hoʻonaninani a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka metala. He nui nā hana a ka sodium cyanide i ka hopena electroplating. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hui paʻa me nā ion metala i loko o ka hopena plating, e kaohi ana i ka helu waiho ʻana o nā ion metala ma ka ʻili cathode, i ʻoi aku ka like a me ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana. No ka laʻana, i ke kaʻina hana keleawe plating, hana ka sodium cyanide i nā ion paʻakikī e like me [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ me nā ion keleawe. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau ion paʻakikī ma ka cathode, hiki ke waiho like ʻia nā ʻātoma keleawe ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mea e uhi ʻia, e loaʻa ai kahi uhi keleawe laumania a mānoanoa. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity uila o ka hopena plating a me ka hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia o ka hopena plating, e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana hana paʻakikī ke loaʻa kahi hopena uhi maikaʻi. ʻOiai ma muli o ka ʻawahia o ka sodium cyanide, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā kaʻina hana electroplating cyanide-free i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma kekahi mau kahua me nā koi kiʻekiʻe loa no ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana, e like me ka electroplating o nā ʻāpana uila a me nā ʻāpana aerospace, ke noho nei ke kaʻina hana electroplating cyanide i kahi māhele mākeke ma muli o kona mau pono kūikawā, a ke hoʻokani nei ka sodium cyanide i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i kēia mau noi electroplating kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Hana Hana ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o nā kahua nui i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻoihana Metal Heat Treatment , hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide no ka mālama ʻana i ke kila me ka cyaniding. Ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kila i loko o kahi kaiapuni e loaʻa ana ka sodium cyanide a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, ua komo pū ka nitrogen a me ke kalapona i loko o ka ʻili o ke kila e hana i kahi papa cyanide me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻahu a me nā waiwai anti-seizure maikaʻi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hana piha o ka ʻili kila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ma nā kahua o ka hana mīkini a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa. I kekahi mau kaʻina hana metallurgical kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kekahi mau metala kakaʻikahi. Ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hui kikoʻī me nā metala kakaʻikahi, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā metala kakaʻikahi mai nā haumia ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ana i nā hiki no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā metala kakaʻikahi.

Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e ʻike maopopo he mea ʻawaʻawa loa ka sodium cyanide a hoʻoweliweli nui i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka. I ka wā o kāna hana ʻana, mālama ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e mālama pono ʻia nā lula palekana kūpono a me nā koi palekana o ka nohona, a pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻano pale kūpono a me nā ʻano hana ʻōpala e hōʻoia i ka mālama pono ʻana o kāna mau pōʻino. ʻOiai he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka sodium cyanide i ka ʻoihana, me ka holomua mau o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe i nā mea ʻē aʻe palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i kēia mea ʻona loa. Akā i kēia manawa, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kemika kūʻokoʻa, noho paʻa ka sodium cyanide i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana he nui, mai ka mining a hiki i ka synthesis kemika, e hoʻomau mau ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hou.