Nā Reagents e Kāohi i ka Leʻaleʻa Copper i ka Copper-Bearing Gold Ore Cyanidation

Introduction

ʻO ka Cyanidation kahi ʻano hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia a kūpono hoʻi no ka unuhi ʻana i ke gula mai nā ores gula, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke ʻano o nā ores gula keleawe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma luna o ka hiki o nā ion cyanide ke hana i nā hui paʻa me ke gula, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ke gula mai ka matrix ore. ʻO ka hopena kemika kumu i ke kaʻina hana cyanidation no ke gula ʻo 4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O=4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ke kumu o ka ʻoihana eli gula no nā kenekulia ma muli o kona pono kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana i hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e hana ai me nā ʻōuli gula keleawe, ʻo ke alo o nā minelala keleawe he mau pilikia nui. ʻO nā minelala keleawe maʻamau e pili ana me ke gula, e like me ka chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), chalcocite (Cu_2S), malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), a me ka azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), he pane maikaʻi loa i nā hopena cyanide. No ka laʻana, i loko o kahi medium i loaʻa ka cyanide, hiki i ka chalcocite ke pane penei: Cu_2S + 4NaCN=2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2S. ʻO kēia mau hopena e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka nui o ka cyanide. ʻO ka hoʻopau nui ʻana i ka cyanide ʻaʻole wale e hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai hana akā he hopena hoʻi i ke kaiapuni ma muli o ka ʻawahia o ka cyanide.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke keleawe ke hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina hana ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ke gula . Hiki i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe i loko o ka hopena cyanide ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke gula - cyanide complex, a laila e hoʻemi ana i ka nui o ka leaching gula . ʻO kēia no ka mea hoʻokūkū ke keleawe me ke gula no nā ion cyanide a me ka oxygen i loko o ka hopena, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke kaulike kemika e pono ai no ka hoʻoheheʻe gula maikaʻi. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ke alo o ke keleawe ke hana i nā pilikia i nā kaʻina hana ma hope e like me ka zinc-cementation a i ʻole carbon-in-pulp (CIP) no ka hoʻōla ʻana o ke gula, e alakaʻi ana i nā helu hoʻōla gula haʻahaʻa a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka huahana.

No laila, he mea nui loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā reagents kūpono e kāohi i ka leaching o ke keleawe i ka wā o ka cyanidation o nā ores gula e lawe ana i ke keleawe. Hiki i kēlā mau reagents ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana cyanidation, hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide , a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono holoʻokoʻa o ka unuhi gula, e hoʻolilo ana i ka hana mining i ʻoi aku ka waiwai a me ka launa pū me ke kaiapuni. Ma nā ʻāpana aʻe, e ʻimi mākou i nā reagents like ʻole i aʻo ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kumu.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona leaching o ke keleawe i loko o ka Cyanide Solutions

I loko o nā hāʻina cyanide, hōʻike nā mineral keleawe i pili me ke gula i nā ʻano leaching ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mineral keleawe mua maʻamau e like me ka chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2) a me ka chalcocite (Cu_2S), me ka malachite (Cu_2 (OH) _2CO_3), azurite (Cu_3 (OH) _2 (CO_3)_2), bornite (Cu_5FeS_4), cuprite (Cu_2O), a me nā coluble maoli.

Hiki ke hoʻokahe ʻia kēia mau mineral keleawe ma ka lumi wela (25^{\circ}C). He ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka leaching o ke keleawe, mai ka 5 - 10% a ʻoi aku ma mua o 90%. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka malachite a me ka azurite, he keleawe - carbonate minerals, he ʻano hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena cyanide. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena kemika o ka malachite me ka cyanide e like me Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Hōʻike kēia ma lalo o ka hana o ka cyanide, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia ke keleawe ma ka malachite.

I ka wā e hana ai me nā mea gula keleawe kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa i ke kaʻina hana leaching i ka wā cyanidation kekahi mau hōʻailona "clinical". ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide e lilo i mea kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma keʻano laulā, no nā minelala keleawe like ʻole, ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o 1 gram o ke keleawe e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i 2.3 - 3.4 grams o Sodium cyanide . I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke keleawe e hoʻopau pū i ka oxygen i loko o ka hopena. No ka laʻana, i ke kaʻina hana leaching o ka chalcocite, hana ʻia ka hopena 2Cu_2S+8NaCN + O_2+2H_2O = 4Na[Cu(CN)_2]+2Na_2S + 4NaOH, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻopau i ka nui o ka cyanide akā he nui hoʻi ka oxygen.

Eia kekahi, lilo ka hopena leaching i mea pōʻino. Hiki i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe i ka hopena cyanide ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ke gula - cyanide complex formation. Hoʻokūkū ke keleawe me ke gula no nā ion cyanide a me ka oxygen i loko o ka hopena. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka equilibrium kemika e pono ai no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke gula maikaʻi. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka leaching gula a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina hoʻihoʻi gula ma hope e like me ka zinc - cementation a i ʻole carbon - in - pulp (CIP), i ka hopena o ke gula haʻahaʻa - nā helu hoʻihoʻi a hōʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.

Nā Reagents maʻamau no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻolei keleawe

Paakai Lead

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paʻakai kēpau e like me nā reagents e pale ai i ka leaching keleawe i ka cyanidation o ke keleawe - lawe ʻia i nā ores gula. ʻO nā paʻakai kēpau i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia, ʻo ia ka lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2), lead acetate (C_4H_6O_4Pb\cdot3H_2O), a me ke lead oxide (PbO).

E lawe i ka lead acetate ma ke ʻano he laʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana e hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lead acetate ma mua o ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka cyanide ke kāohi pono i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ke keleawe, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ke gula a me ke kālā, a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Sodium Cyanide . No kahi ʻano gula me ka nui o ke keleawe o 4.92%, i ka wā e hoʻohui pololei ʻia ai he 150 g/t o ka lead acetate ma mua o ka hoʻokahe ʻana, ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka wili ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻāpana -0.037 mm e helu ana no 95%, ka manawa hoʻokahe o 48 h, ka nui o ka sodium cyanide o 0.5%, ka pH o 12, a me ka nui o ka pulp o 40%, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke ʻano gula i ke koena hoʻokahe i 1.20 g/t, hiki i ka nui o ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ke gula i 97.55%, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻōla kālā he 60.28%, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide he 14.37 kg/t. Hōʻike maopopo kēia i ka hopena maikaʻi o ka lead acetate i kēia kaʻina hana.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pūhui hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hana ke kēpau me ka sulfur - loaʻa nā mea i loko o ka ʻeleʻele e hana i ka sulfide kēpau hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hoʻemi kēia hopena i ka nui o ka sulfur - loaʻa nā mea hiki ke hana me nā mineral keleawe, a laila e pale ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mineral keleawe. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā paʻakai kepau ke hoʻopili i nā waiwai o ka ʻili o nā mineral keleawe, e hōʻemi ana i kā lākou reactivity i ka hopena cyanide.

Nā ʻĀpana Chelating (e laʻa, Citric Acid)

Hiki i nā mea hana Chelating, e like me ka citric acid, ke hana i kahi hana i ka pale ʻana i ka leaching keleawe i ka wā cyanidation. ʻO ka chelating - type leaching - nā mea kōkua e like me ka citric acid e hana ma o kahi hana kūʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i ka ʻakika Citric nā pūʻulu carboxyl a me hydroxyl, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale me nā iona ʻino e like me Cu^{2 +}, Zn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, a me Fe^{3+} i loko o ka pulp e hana i nā chelates paʻa.

No ka laʻana, hiki i ka pūʻulu carboxyl i loko o ka waikawa citric ke hui pū me nā ion metala ma o nā electrons hoʻokahi o nā ʻātoma oxygen, e hana ana i ke apo. Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia mau ion metala, hiki i ka waikawa citric ke hoʻopau i ko lākou hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaʻina leaching cyanidation, e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i kā lākou ʻai ʻana i ka oxygen i ka hopena. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka waikawa citric ke kāohi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā minerala gangue e like me ka calcium - a me ka magnesium - i loko o nā minerala. Hiki iā ia ke launa pū me ka ʻili o kēia mau minela gangue, e hoʻololi ana i kā lākou uku ʻili a me nā waiwai hydrophilic - hydrophobic, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena cyanide. ʻO kēia kaohi ʻana i nā minerala gangue hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka "oxygen ikaika ikaika" i loko o ka pulp. Ke emi iki ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā minerala gangue, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka oxygen i loaʻa no ka cyanidation o ke gula, kahi mea e pono ai i ka leaching o ke gula. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka waikawa citric ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano kemika maikaʻi loa no ka cyanidation o ke gula, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ion metala ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka lawe ʻana i ke gula.

Nā mea ʻē aʻe (Hoʻopuka pōkole)

Ma waho aʻe o nā reagents i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion cyanide hiki ke lilo i ala maikaʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke keleawe. Ke hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion cyanide i loko o kahi ākea, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka hopena o nā mineral keleawe me ka cyanide. No ka laʻana, no kekahi mau ores gula me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻalahi - hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā minerala keleawe, ma ka mālama ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka CN ^ - ion ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e like me 0.05% - 0.10%), hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka dissolution rate o nā minelala keleawe, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka dissolution rate o nā minerala gula i ka cyanide kiʻekiʻe. nā minerala.

ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana ammonia - cyanide. I loko o ka ʻōnaehana ammonia - cyanide, hiki i ka ammonia ke hana i nā paʻakikī me nā ion keleawe, hiki ke kāohi i ka leaching o ke keleawe i kekahi ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka volatility kiʻekiʻe o ka ammonia, he paʻakikī ke mālama i ka hoʻomau paʻa i ka hana hana ʻoihana, e kaupalena ana i kāna noi ʻoihana nui. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka leaching keleawe, pono e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā pilikia i ka hana pono a me ke kumukūʻai.

Nā mea e pili ana i ka hopena o nā Reagents

ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā reagents i hoʻohana ʻia e pale i ka leaching keleawe i ka wā o ka cyanidation o ke keleawe - lawe ʻia nā ores gula i hoʻopili ʻia e nā kumu he nui, he mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaopopo no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana cyanidation.

Na Waiwai Ore

1. Ke ʻano o nā minerala keleawe

1. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o nā mineral keleawe like ʻole i nā hāʻina cyanide. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka reactive o nā minerala keleawe - carbonate e like me ka malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) a me ka azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2) i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kekahi mau mineral keleawe sulfide mua e like me ka chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2). Hana koke ʻo Malachite me ka cyanide e like me ka hopena Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia reactivity kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā reagents e pale i ka leaching keleawe, pono ke koi ʻia kahi mea kiʻekiʻe no nā ores i waiwai i ia mau mineral keleawe reactive.

2. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka chalcopyrite a koi aku i ka ikehu a me nā kūlana hoʻohālikelike kikoʻī e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka cyanide solutions. Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka cyanide. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano keleawe koʻikoʻi - ʻano mineral i loko o ka oka ka hana mua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka reagent kūpono a me kāna ʻano.

2. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o nā minerala keleawe

1. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe - mineral maʻiʻo i loko o ka ʻohe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu keleawe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide. No ka laʻana, i loko o kahi ʻeleʻele e lawe ana i ke gula me kahi ʻāpana keleawe o 5%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka cyanide i hoʻopau ʻia e ke keleawe - leaching reactions ma mua o kahi oka me kahi ʻāpana keleawe o 1%. ʻO ka hopena, pono e hoʻoponopono like ʻia ka reagent e pono ai e kāohi i ka leaching keleawe. ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui - keleawe - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paʻakai kepau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea chelating e hoʻopau pono i ka hoʻoheheʻe keleawe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi no kēlā me kēia 1% hoʻonui i ka maʻi keleawe maʻalahi i loko o ka oka, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopiʻi alakaʻi - paʻakai e 10 - 20 g / t e mālama i ka pae like o ke keleawe - leaching inhibition.

Nā Kūlana Kaʻina

1. ʻO ka Cyanide Concentrate

1. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka cyanide i loko o ka hoʻonā e pāʻani i ka hana pālua i ka leaching keleawe a me ka maikaʻi o nā inhibitors. I ka haʻahaʻa ʻana o ka cyanide, hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ke keleawe - leaching reactions. No ka laʻana, inā mālama ʻia ka manaʻo manuahi - cyanide (CN^ -) ma 0.05% - 0.10%, hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka helu hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā minela keleawe. Eia naʻe, inā haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻike cyanide, hiki ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka leaching o ke gula.

2. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā reagents e like me nā paʻakai alakaʻi, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka ʻike cyanide maikaʻi loa no ko lākou pono. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke koi ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka cyanide (ma kahi o 0.15% - 0.20%) e hōʻoia i ka hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ke alakaʻi - paʻakai paʻakai i nā pūhui insoluble me ka sulfur - loaʻa nā mea i loko o ka oka, e pale pono ana i ka leaching keleawe. Akā inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka manaʻo o ka cyanide, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mineral keleawe me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā inhibitors.

2. Waiwai pH

1. He mea koʻikoʻi ka pH o ka solution cyanide no ka leaching keleawe a me ka hana a nā mea paʻa. Ma keʻano laulā, hanaʻia ke kaʻina hana cyanidation i loko o kahi medium alkaline, maʻamau me ka pH ma waena o 10 - 11. Ma kēia pae pH, mālamaʻia ka paʻa o ka cyanide ion, a hoʻemiʻia ka hydrolysis o ka cyanide.

2. No nā mea chelating e like me ka citric acid, pili ka pH o ka hopena i ko lākou hiki ke chelating. Loaʻa i ka ʻakika Citric nā hui carboxyl a me hydroxyl e chelate me nā ion metala. Ma kahi ʻano alkaline, hoʻolaha ʻia ka dissociation o kēia mau pūʻulu hana, e hoʻonui ana i kā lākou chelating hiki me nā ion keleawe. Eia nō naʻe, inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka pH (ma luna o 12), hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻaoʻao - hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka chelating agent. No ka laʻana, i loko o kahi hopena alkaline loa, hiki i kekahi mau metala - chelate complexes ke wāwahi, e hoʻokuʻu i nā ion keleawe chelated i loko o ka hopena.

3. Manawa Leaching

1. Hiki i ka manawa leaching ke hoʻololi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka leaching keleawe a me ka hana o nā mea paʻa. Ke piʻi aʻe ka manawa leaching, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keleawe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia inā ʻaʻole i kāohi pono ʻia. No ka laʻana, i loko o kahi kaʻina leaching wā pōkole (ma lalo o 12 mau hola), liʻiliʻi paha ka nui o ke keleawe leached, a hiki i ka mea hoʻopiʻi ke hoʻomalu maʻalahi i ka helu keleawe - leaching. Akā inā hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa leaching i 48 mau hola a ʻoi aku paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena kumulative o ke keleawe - leaching reactions.

2. I ka hihia o ke alakaʻi - paʻakai inhibitors, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka leaching manawa e koi ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe mua o ka mea hoʻopaneʻe. ʻO kēia no ka mea ma ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke alakaʻi - loaʻa nā pūhui insoluble i hana ʻia a i ʻole ke emi ʻana o ko lākou pono ma muli o ka noho mau ʻana o nā mea reactive i loko o ka solution cyanide. No laila, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka manawa leaching i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka reagent e hoʻohana ai no ke keleawe - leaching inhibition.

Nā Hana Hana Hana a me nā Hoʻohana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa

Hana 1: Hoʻohana i nā paʻakai Lead i loko o kahi lua gula ma ʻApelika Hema

ʻO kahi lua gula ma ʻApelika Hema e hana ana i kahi keleawe - e lawe ana i ka ʻohe gula me kahi ʻāpana keleawe o kahi o 3%. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paʻakai paʻakai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaneʻe, ua kū ka hana cyanidation i nā pilikia. Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide, a hiki i ka 15 kg/t o ka oka, a ʻo ka nui o ka leaching gula ma kahi o 80% wale nō. ʻO ka ʻike keleawe kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka ʻai i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe keleawe koʻikoʻi i ka wā cyanidation, ʻaʻole i pau wale ka nui o ka cyanide akā keʻakeʻa pū i ke kaʻina gula - leaching.

Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nitrate kēpau (Pb(NO_3)_2) ma ke ʻano o 200 g/t o ka ʻai, ua ʻike ʻia nā loli kupaianaha. Ua ho'ēmiʻia ka hoʻohana cyanide i 8 kg / t o kaʻaila, kahi emi o 47%. Ua piʻi ka nui o ka leaching gula i 90%. He mea nui na pomaikai waiwai. Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka cyanide a me ke kumu kūʻai o ke gula hou i loaʻa, ua mālama ka maina ma kahi o $50 no ke tona o ka ʻiʻa i hana ʻia. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino pili i ka leaka a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka cyanide. Ua hōʻemi pū ʻia ka nui o ka cyanide - i loko o ka ʻōpala, he mea pono ia no ke kaiaola kūloko.

Ka hihia 2: Ke noi ʻana o Chelating Agent (Citric Acid) i loko o kahi lua gula ma Australia

I loko o kahi mine gula o Australia, ua nui ka nui o nā mineral keleawe, ka chalcopyrite a me nā mineral keleawe - carbonate. ʻO ke kaʻina hana cyanidation mua me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea chelating agent he 75% leaching gula a me ka nui o ka leaching keleawe o 30%. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe leaching rate i alakaʻi i ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe o ka cyanide, ma kahi o 12 kg/t o ka ʻai.

I ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka waikawa citric i ke kaʻina hana cyanidation ma ke ʻano o 1 kg/t o ka ʻai, ua maikaʻi ke kūlana. Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka leaching keleawe i 10%, a ua piʻi ka nui o ka leaching gula i 85%. Ua emi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide i 6 kg/t o ka ʻai. Ma ka hoʻokele waiwai, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waikawa citric i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻai cyanide a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke gula. Ua manaʻo ka mine e hiki ke hoʻonui i kāna waiwai makahiki ma kahi o $300,000. Ma ke kaiapuni, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi keleawe liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ke keleawe - loaʻa i ka wai ʻino, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i nā kumu wai ma nā wahi a puni.

Hana 3: Hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hōʻemi hou (MZY) i loko o kahi lua gula Kina

ʻO kahi lua gula ma Kina e hana ana me kahi keleawe kūpaʻa - e lawe ana i ka ʻai gula. ʻO ke kaʻina hana cyanidation kuʻuna he 70% wale nō ka leʻaleʻa gula a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka leaching keleawe kiʻekiʻe, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka cyanide. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi inhibitor MZY hou ma kahi ʻano, me nā kūlana kaʻina hana i hoʻonui ʻia me ka hoʻohui ʻana o 18 kg/t o ka lime a me 1.2 kg/t o ka sodium cyanide, ua hiki i ka nui o ka leaching gula i 83% - 84%, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka leaching keleawe i 4% - 5%.

ʻAʻole kēia kaʻina hana hou i hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka maikaʻi o ke gula - leaching akā ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide. ʻElua pānaʻi nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai: ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke gula i hoʻohui i ka waiwai i ka hana ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka cyanide i mālama i nā kumukūʻai. Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide haʻahaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke keleawe - i loko o ka ʻōpala i hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kaiapuni, e ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hana mining. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia mau hihia i ka waiwai kūpono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents e kāohi i ka leaching keleawe i ka cyanidation o ke keleawe - lawe ʻia i nā ores gula, ma ke ʻano o nā pono waiwai a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni.

Panina

I ke kaʻina hana cyanidation o ke keleawe - e lawe ana i nā ores gula, ʻo ka leaching o ke keleawe ʻaʻole wale ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe o ka cyanide akā he hopena maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi i ka pae leaching o ke gula a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻihoʻi gula. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents e pale i ka hoʻolele keleawe.

Hiki i nā paʻakai kepau, e like me ke kēpau nitrate, ke kēpau acetate, a me ke kēpau oxide, hiki ke pale pono i ka leaching keleawe ma ka hana ʻana i nā pūhui hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka sulfur - loaʻa nā mea i loko o ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai ili o nā mineral keleawe. Hiki i nā mea hana chelating e like me ka waikawa citric ke chelate me nā ion keleawe a me nā ion metala ʻino ʻē aʻe, e hōʻemi ana i kā lākou hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaʻina hana cyanidation. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka manaʻo cyanide a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ammonia - cyanide hiki ke pāʻani i kahi hana i ka hoʻonāwaliwali ʻana o ke keleawe i kekahi ʻano.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka maikaʻi o kēia mau reagents e nā kumu like ʻole. ʻO nā waiwai Ore, me ke ʻano a me ka ʻike o nā minelala keleawe, e hoʻoholo i ka reactivity o ke keleawe i loko o ka ʻohe a pēlā e hoʻopili ai i ka nui o ka reagent e pono ai. ʻO nā kūlana kaʻina hana e like me ka cyanide concentration, pH value, a me ka manawa leaching he hopena nui hoʻi i ka hana o nā reagents. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ʻike cyanide kūpono a me ka waiwai pH ke hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka hopena cyanide a me ka pono o ka reagent, ʻoiai hiki i ka manawa leaching ke hoʻopili i ka hopena kumulative o ke keleawe - leaching reactions.

Ma o nā haʻawina hihia, ua ʻike mākou i ka waiwai hoʻohana pono o kēia mau reagents. Ma ʻApelika Hema, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nitrate kēpau i loko o kahi lua gula i hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka leaching gula, e lawe mai ana i nā pōmaikaʻi waiwai nui a me nā pono kaiapuni. Ma Australia, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka waikawa citric i loko o kahi lua gula i hoʻemi maikaʻi ʻia i ka leaching keleawe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka leaching gula, he mea maikaʻi ia no nā ʻaoʻao ʻoihana a me ke kaiapuni. I loko o kahi mine gula Kina, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea paʻa hou MZY, me nā kūlana kaʻina hana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke gula - leaching pono a hoʻemi i ke keleawe - leaching rate, e loaʻa ana nā hopena maikaʻi a me ka hopena o ka nohona.

Ma keʻano laulā, i ka wā e pili ana i ka cyanidation o ke keleawe - e lawe ana i nā ores gula, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i nā hiʻohiʻona o kaʻaila a me nā koi o ke kaʻina hana, a koho i ka reagent kūpono a me nā kūlana hana. Hiki i ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana ke nānā aku i ka ʻimi hou ʻana i nā reagents ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kaiapuni, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā reagents a me nā ʻāpana kaʻina e hoʻokō ai i ke gula maikaʻi, ʻoihana waiwai, a me ke kaiapuni.