ʻO nā mea maʻamau i ka Sodium Cyanide Titration Analysis

Introduction

He ʻano koʻikoʻi ka loiloi titration o ka sodium cyanide i ke kemika analytical, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻoihana e like me ka mining, electroplating, a me ka hana kemika. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ke alo o nā mea hoʻopilikia like ʻole ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o nā hopena titration. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea hoʻopilikia maʻamau no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili pololei a hilinaʻi hoʻi.

Na Iona Metala ma ke ano he mau mea keakea

Au I Hea I Hea

Hiki i nā iona metala kaumaha e like me ke keleawe (Cu²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), a me ka nickel (Ni²⁺) ke hana i nā hui paʻa me nā iona cyanide . No ka laʻana, hana nā iona keleawe me ka cyanide e hana i nā hui cyanide keleawe e like me [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ a me [Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Hoʻopau kēia mau hopena hoʻokumu hui i nā iona cyanide, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka Sodium Cyanide maoli i ka wā o ka titration. I nā hopena electroplating, kahi i loaʻa pinepine ai ke keleawe a me ka zinc me Sodium cyanide , hiki ke ʻike nui ʻia kēia hoʻopilikia.

Iona Hao

Hiki i nā iona hao (Fe³⁺ a me Fe²⁺) ke hoʻopilikia i ka titration sodium cyanide. I loko o kahi mea ʻawaʻawa, hiki i ka Fe³⁺ ke hana me nā ion cyanide e hana i nā mea hao - cyanide complexes, e like me nā pūhui Prussian blue - like. Hiki i kēia mau hopena ke hoʻopau i nā ion cyanide a hoʻopau i ka stoichiometry o ka hopena titration ma waena o nā ion kālā (hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka titration cyanide) a me nā ion cyanide. Eia hou, ma ke alo o ka oxygen, hiki ke hoʻokahe ʻia ʻo Fe²⁺ i Fe³⁺, e hoʻopiʻi hou i ke kūlana hoʻopilikia.

Nā hoʻopiʻi Anionic

Iona Sulfide

ʻO nā ion Sulfide (S²⁻) nā mea hoʻopilikia maʻamau i ka titration sodium cyanide. I loko o kahi ʻano alkaline, inā loaʻa ka sulfide, hiki iā ia ke hana me nā ion hydrogen mai nā kūlana ʻakika i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau kaʻina titration (a i ʻole e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen sulfide i hiki ke hana hou aku). ʻO ka mea nui aku, hiki i ka sulfide ke hana me nā iona kala (hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kālā - nitrate - based cyanide titrations) e hana i ka sulfide kālā (Ag₂S) precipitate. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻopau wale i nā ion kālā akā ua uhi pū i ka hopena o ka titration, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻeleʻele Ag₂S precipitate i ka ʻike maka o ke kala - cyanide complex - based endpoint.

Nā Iona Thiocyanate

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ion Thiocyanate (SCN⁻) ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopilikia, ʻoi aku ma nā laʻana kahi i loaʻa ai kekahi ʻaoʻao - ka hopena a i ʻole ka ʻino. Hiki i nā ion Thiocyanate ke hana me nā ion kālā e hana i ka wai thiocyanate (AgSCN) precipitate. Ma kahi titration sodium cyanide kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka nitrate kālā ma ke ʻano he titrant, hiki i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o AgSCN ke alakaʻi i kahi manaʻo nui o ka cyanide maʻiʻo inā ʻaʻole i helu pono ʻia, no ka mea, ua pau nā ion kālā i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā paʻakikī kālā - cyanide a me kala thiocyanate precipitate.

Na Mea Keakea e ae

Huihui Organic

Hiki i kekahi mau hui organik ke hoʻopilikia i ka titration sodium cyanide. No ka laʻana, hiki i kekahi mau aldehydes a me nā ketones ke hana me nā ion cyanide i loko o kahi hopena hoʻohui nucleophilic ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono. Hoʻopau kēia hopena i nā ion cyanide a no laila e hoʻopilikia i nā hopena titration. I loko o nā laʻana mai nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea organik, e like me kekahi wai hoʻoneoneo mai nā mea kanu kemika i loaʻa paha ka sodium cyanide a me nā mea haumia organik, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka hoʻopilikia ʻana mai kēia mau hui organik.

ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa

Hiki i nā mea oxidizing ke hoʻokahe i nā ion cyanide. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ke hana me nā iona cyanide e hana ai i nā ion cyanate (CNO⁻) a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana ʻoki ʻia. Hoʻemi kēia hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka nui o ka cyanide i loaʻa no ka titration, ka hopena i ke ana pololei ʻole o ka ʻike o ka sodium cyanide. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke hoʻopilikia. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā mea e like me ka sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) ke hana me nā ion kālā i loko o kahi titration kālā - nitrate - e hoʻemi ana iā lākou i ka metala kālā a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa - oxidation - nā ʻano kālā o ka mokuʻāina, e hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana titration maʻamau.

Panina

I ka loiloi titration sodium cyanide , ʻo nā ion metala, nā anions e like me ka sulfide a me ka thiocyanate, nā hui organik, a me nā mea hoʻoemi a hoʻemi paha he mau mea hoʻopilikia maʻamau. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena titration pololei, pono e hana i nā hana kūpono e hoʻopau a hōʻemi paha i nā hopena o kēia mau mea hoʻopilikia. Hiki i kēia ke pili i nā ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau mua o ka laʻana e like me ka kānana, ka unuhi ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea uhi. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea hoʻopilikia ka hana mua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o ka loiloi titration sodium cyanide i nā noi ʻoihana a me nā noiʻi like ʻole.