Kev kho mob ntawm Cyanide hauv Kub Mine Tailings nrog Ferrous Sulfate

Introduction

Kub mine tailings feem ntau muaj qib siab cyanide, uas yog tshuaj lom heev thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Kev pov tseg tsis raug ntawm cov tailings tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov av, dej, thiab huab cua. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kho zoo rau kev tshem tawm cyanide los ntawm kub mine tailings yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ntawm ntau txoj kev kho mob, ferrous sulfate tau tshwm sim raws li ib tug nquag siv thiab nqi-zoo reagent. Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog kev siv ferrous sulfate rau kev kho mob cyanide hauv kub mine tailings, npog cov yam xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanisms, kev ua haujlwm, kev siv tswv yim, thiab qhov zoo.

Reaction Mechanisms

Tsim cov Ferrocyanide Complexes

Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) muaj ferrous ions (Fe²⁺). Thaum ferrous sulfate ntxiv rau kub mine tailings uas muaj cyanide, cov ferrous ions teb nrog dawb cyanide ions (CN⁻) hauv cov tailings. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb yog tsim cov ferrocyanide complexes, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm kev sib npaug tshuaj: Fe²⁺ + 6CN⁻ → Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev siv ferrous sulfate los kho cyanide - muaj tailings.

Generation ntawm Prussian Blue

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, thaum ib tug ntau tshaj ntawm ferrous sulfate yog ntxiv rau cov cyanide - muaj cov tshuaj, ib tug ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim. Cyanide hloov mus rau hauv cov dej tsis sib haum xeeb hu ua ferric ferrocyanide, uas feem ntau hu ua Prussian xiav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev tsim Prussian xiav yog qhov nyuaj thiab tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim raws li hauv qab no: tom qab tsim cov ferrocyanide complexes, ntxiv ferrous ions react nrog Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻ los ua Fe₄(Fe(CN)₆)₃. Qhov no insoluble precipitate muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim nws txo cov concentration ntawm dawb cyanide hauv cov tailings, ua rau cov tailings tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog ib txwm ncaj nraim. Prussian xiav tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Ib daim ntawv zoo li no yog "soluble Prussian xiav," sawv cev los ntawm MFeⅢ(FeⅡ(CN)₆) (M = K lossis Na), uas tsim cov tshuaj colloidal nrog dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nag lossis daus thiab oxidation tshwm sim nrog ferrous hydroxide kuj ua lub luag haujlwm hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem.

Kev Ua Hauj Lwm Rau Cov Neeg Mob

pH Tus Nqi

Tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj no cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ferrous sulfate thiab cyanide. Qhov zoo tshaj pH ntau rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog feem ntau ntawm 5.5 thiab 6.5. Hauv qhov pH no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ferrous ions thiab cyanide yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws thiab meej. Thaum pH qis dhau (hauv qab 4), ferrocyanide ions ua tsis ruaj khov. Lawv tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​qab tsim pentacyano - hlau (II) complexes (Fe (CN) ₅H₂O)³⁻, uas yog oxidized sai sai rau ferricyanide ions (Fe (CN) ₆³⁻). Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum pH siab dua 7. lub insoluble Prussian xiav tuaj yeem decompose, tsim ferrocyanide ions thiab ntau yam insoluble hlau oxides, uas yog unfavorable rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cyanide.

Dosage ntawm Ferrous Sulfate

Kev noj tshuaj ntawm ferrous sulfate yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj. Nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cyanide hauv cov tailings thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov dej. Yog tias qhov ntau npaum li cas tsawg dhau, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov cyanide tag nrho. Hloov pauv, yog tias qhov ntau npaum li cas, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau pov tseg xwb tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia cov pa phem tshiab. Los ntawm kev sim, nws tau pom tias qhov zoo ntawm molar piv ntawm Fe rau CN⁻ yog 0.5. Qhov piv no ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig tshem tawm ntawm cyanide thaum txo qis kev siv ferrous sulfate.

Mixing thiab Sedimentation Sijhawm

Kev sib xyaw kom tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov ferrous ions thiab cyanide tuaj yeem tiv tauj tau thiab ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm sib xyaw txaus tso cai rau kev faib tawm ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj reactants hauv cov tshuaj, txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub sij hawm tsim nyog sedimentation yog yuav tsum tau. Lub sijhawm no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov precipitates ruaj khov thiab txo qis ntawm cyanide concentration hauv cov effluent. Lub sij hawm sib xyaw tshwj xeeb thiab sedimentation tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cyanide hauv cov tailings thiab cov cuab yeej siv los kho.

Kev siv tswv yim

Case Study of a Gold Mine Tailings Treatment Project

Hauv qee qhov kev kho mob pob zeb kub tailings, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ferrous sulfate thiab txiv qaub raug saws. Ua ntej, cov kua qaub tsim nyog tau ntxiv rau hauv cov dej tailings los kho tus nqi pH rau qhov tsim nyog (feem ntau 5.5 - 6.5). Cov kauj ruam no pab txhawb kev hloov pauv thiab nag lossis daus ntawm cyanide. Tom qab ntawd, ferrous sulfate tau ntxiv rau hauv dej, thiab los ntawm kev nplawm, cov ferrous ions reacted tag nrho nrog cov cyanide los ua Prussian xiav thiab lwm yam precipitates. Thaum kawg, tom qab nag lossis daus thiab lim cov kauj ruam, cov dej huv huv tau txais. Cov tailings kho tau ua tau raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig.

Kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj Reagents

Ferrous sulfate feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj reagents los txhim kho kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, nws yog feem ntau siv ua ke nrog high - molecular flocculants xws li polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib sau ua ke ntawm precipitates, ua rau cov txheej txheem sedimentation ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem kev kho mob ua ke no tsis yog tsuas yog tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo hauv cov tailings tab sis kuj txo cov nqi kho mob thiab txhim kho kev kho mob. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov reagents sib txawv, kev kho kom zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav.

Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv Ferrous Sulfate

Nqi - kev ua tau zoo

Ferrous sulfate kuj pheej yig dua piv rau lwm cov reagents siv rau kev kho mob cyanide. Nws muaj dav nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv txaus nyiam rau cov tuam txhab mining kub. Kev siv ferrous sulfate tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm kev kho tailings, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pob zeb kub loj uas tsim cov tailings loj. Cov nqi no - kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov lag luam kub mining.

Cov txheej txheem kho kom yooj yim

Txoj kev kho mob siv ferrous sulfate yog qhov yooj yim. Tom qab ntxiv ferrous sulfate rau cov tailings thiab kho qhov tsim nyog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tom qab sib cais thiab nag lossis daus cov kauj ruam yog qhov ncaj. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov dej khib nyiab kho nrog ferrous sulfate tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov kauj ruam ua ntej sib cais ua ntej mus rau cov txheej txheem kho tom ntej, uas txuag cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua kom yooj yim rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem kho. Qhov kev yooj yim no kuj ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj thiab tswj cov txheej txheem kho.

Cov kev sib tw thiab cov kev xav yav tom ntej

Environmental Impact ntawm By - khoom

Txawm hais tias kev kho ferrous sulfate tuaj yeem tshem tawm cyanide los ntawm kub mine tailings, los ntawm - cov khoom tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem, xws li qee yam hlau - uas muaj precipitates, kuj tseem muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, yog tias tsis muab pov tseg kom zoo, cov nag lossis daus tuaj yeem tso cov hlau ions lossis lwm yam khoom rau hauv ib puag ncig lub sijhawm. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yog xav tau los tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua los daws cov khoom no los ntawm kev txo qis lawv ib puag ncig hneev taw.

Optimization ntawm kev kho mob rau txawv tailings

Kub mine tailings tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov khoom ntawm ib qho kuv mus rau lwm qhov. Cov kev kho kom zoo tam sim no rau ferrous sulfate, xws li pH tus nqi, ntau npaum li cas, thiab lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ntxiv rau ntau hom tailings. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv qhov tob yog yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab hloov kho cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntau qhov kev sib tw kub mine tailings, txhim kho tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob cyanide.

Hauv kev xaus, ferrous sulfate yog ib qho tseem ceeb reagent rau kev kho mob cyanide hauv kub mine tailings. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem, kev ua kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv siv tau, nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov dej mining. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho tseem xav tau los daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev kho mob no thiab ua kom cov kev lag luam kub mining muaj kev ruaj ntseg.