Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb hauv Cyanide Leaching Txheej Txheem: Yuav Ua Li Cas Lawv cuam tshuam kub rov qab

Hauv kev lag luam mining, cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev siv dav tshaj plaws rau kev rho tawm kub ntawm cov ores. Cov txheej txheem no yog raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cyanide ions los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kub, uas tso cai rau nws kom raug cais tawm ntawm cov ore matrix. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev rov qab tau kub, yog nyob ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb. Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab tau kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching thiab xyuas kom muaj kev lag luam.

Cyanide Concentration

Qhov concentration ntawm cyanide hauv cov tshuaj leaching yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab tau kub. Qhov concentration cyanide siab dua feem ntau ua rau kub yaj sai dua. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov concentration cyanide ntau dua muab ntau cov cyanide ions muaj los ua rau kub, tsav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus tom ntej. Piv txwv li, hauv ib qho system leaching cyanide, kev nce cyanide concentration ntawm 0.05% mus rau 0.1% tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm kev yaj kub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov concentration cyanide zoo tshaj plaws dhau ntawm qhov kev nce ntxiv tsis ua rau kub rov qab tau zoo. Qhov concentration cyanide ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Ua ntej, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj tsis xav tau. Piv txwv li, lwm yam hlau uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlau, xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab hlau, kuj tseem yuav ua rau cyanide, noj cyanide thiab txo nws qhov muaj rau kev rho tawm kub. Qhov thib ob, qhov concentration cyanide siab ua rau tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem nce vim qhov xav tau ntau cyanide reagent. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau ib puag ncig vim cyanide yog ib yam khoom lom heev, thiab qhov concentration siab dua xav tau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig nruj dua.

PH tus nqi

Lub pH ntawm cov tshuaj leaching ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching. Qhov zoo tshaj pH rau kub cyanidation feem ntau yog nyob ntawm 9.5 mus rau 11. Ntawm no alkaline pH ntau, cyanide muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb cyanide ions (CN-), uas yog cov feem ntau reactive hom rau kub dissolution. Kev tuav cov pH uas tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas tuaj yeem tsim. HCN yog volatile thiab muaj kuab lom heev, tsis tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tab sis kuj txo cov nyiaj muaj cyanide rau kev rho tawm kub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias pH siab dhau lawm, kev solubility ntawm qee cov hlau hydroxides tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov precipitates uas tuaj yeem pleev xim rau cov xim kub, cuam tshuam kev sib cuag ntawm cyanide thiab kub thiab yog li txo qhov kub rov qab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ores uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau, nyob rau hauv high pH qhov tseem ceeb, hlau hydroxide precipitates yuav tsim thiab encapsulate kub hais, ua rau lawv siv tsis tau rau cyanide.

Lub Sijhawm Leaching

Qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm leaching yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nyiaj rov qab. Feem ntau, thaum lub sij hawm leaching nce, ntau kub yog yaj thiab zoo. Thaum pib, tus nqi ntawm cov kub dissolution yog ceev ceev raws li tshiab cyanide reacts nrog cov kub kub. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm kev rho tawm kub maj mam txo. Qhov no yog vim hais tias thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim, cov khoom kub ua me me, thiab thaj chaw saum npoo muaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov concentration ntawm cyanide hauv cov tshuaj txo qis thaum nws tau noj hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-tsim cyanide leaching Circuit Court, nws yuav siv sij hawm 24 - 48 xuab moos kom ua tiav qib siab ntawm kub rov qab. Tab sis yog hais tias lub sij hawm leaching luv luv, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kub yuav nyob twj ywm unextracted. Conversely, ncua lub sij hawm leaching tshaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws point yuav tsis ua rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov nyiaj rov qab, tab sis yuav ua rau kom cov nqi khiav lag luam, xws li lub zog siv rau agitation thiab siv, thiab tej zaum kuj yuav ua rau degradation ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide vim raug rau huab cua thiab lwm yam ib puag ncig.

Kub

Qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov kub rov qab. Kev nce qhov kub thiab txias feem ntau ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cyanide thiab kub, ua rau muaj qhov kub ntau dua. Qhov kub siab dua ua rau lub zog kinetic ntawm cov reactant molecules, cia lawv sib tsoo ntau zaus thiab muaj zog ntau dua, yog li txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kuj raug txwv. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov ntsuas kub feem ntau yog khaws cia hauv qhov nruab nrab, feem ntau ntawm 20 - 30 ° C. Qhov no yog vim qhov nce qhov kub thiab txias heev yuav tsum tau muaj zog ntxiv, uas ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov volatility ntawm cyanide nce, ua rau ntau dua ntawm cyanide los ntawm evaporation. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm cov khoom hauv cov ore, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv uas siv cov cyanide thiab txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm kub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib co ores uas muaj sulfide minerals, kub siab yuav ua rau lub oxidation ntawm sulfides, uas tsis tsuas yog siv oxygen thiab cyanide, tab sis kuj yuav tsim sulfuric acid, uas yuav txo tau lub pH ntawm leaching tov thiab cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem cyanidation.

Oxygen Muaj

Oxygen yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cyanide leaching ntawm kub. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kub, cyanide, thiab oxygen tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm kev sib npaug tshuaj hauv qab no: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH. Cov pa oxygen txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem leaching, oxygen tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm aeration, los ntawm huab cua bubbling lossis cov pa ntshiab oxygen rau hauv cov tshuaj leaching. Tus nqi ntawm cov pa oxygen hloov mus rau qhov chaw tshuaj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov kub dissolution. Yog tias cov pa oxygen tsis txaus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav raug txwv, thiab tus nqi rov qab yuav txo qis. Txawm li cas los xij, kev muab cov pa oxygen ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Piv txwv li, qee zaum, cov pa oxygen ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau oxidation ntawm cyanide rau cyanate (CNO⁻) lossis lwm yam siab dua - oxidation - lub xeev cov tebchaw, txo cov nyiaj muaj cyanide rau kev rho tawm kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ores uas muaj tej yam sulfide minerals, cov pa ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau ntau tshaj - oxidation ntawm sulfides, uas yuav tsim sulfuric acid thiab lwm yam - cov khoom uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem cyanidation.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching rau kub extraction yog ib tug complex system cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb tsis. Cyanide concentration, pH nqi, leaching lub sij hawm, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab oxygen muaj txhua yam cuam tshuam los txiav txim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kub rov qab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm mining yuav tsum ua tib zoo kho cov kev txwv no raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore ua tiav. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov xwm txheej no, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov nyiaj rov qab zoo tshaj plaws thaum txo cov nqi thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, ua kom lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub mining.p