Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Kub Cyanidation Leaching

Kev siv cyanidation kub, uas yog ib qho txheej txheem hydrometallurgical tseem ceeb, tau yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho kub tau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo txij li thaum nws tau muag hauv xyoo 1890. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa kev siv cyanidation leaching ntawm kub, muab kev nkag siab dav dav txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no hauv kev lag luam khawb kub.

Tshuaj Reactions: Lub plawv ntawm Cyanidation

Cov txheej txheem cyanidation vam khom rau qhov tshwj xeeb reactivity ntawm kub nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cyanide ions (CN⁻) thiab ib tug oxidant, feem ntau yog oxygen los ntawm huab cua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem sau ua ke raws li nram no: Plaub moles ntawm kub (Au), reacting nrog yim moles ntawm Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), ib mole ntawm oxygen (O₂) los ntawm huab cua, thiab ob moles ntawm dej (H₂O), tsim plaub moles ntawm sodium dicyanoaurate (I) (Na[Au(CN)₂]) thiab plaub moles ntawm sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Hauv qhov kev tshuaj tiv thaiv no, cov atoms kub tau oxidized rau lub xeev oxidation +1 thiab tsim cov dicyanoaurate (I) complexes ruaj khov \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). Cyanide ions ua haujlwm ua cov neeg sawv cev complexing, ruaj khov cov ions kub hauv cov kua, thaum oxygen ua haujlwm ua tus txais electron, tsav tsheb oxidation ntawm kub. Lub redox - complexation mechanism no ua rau muaj kev xaiv yaj ntawm kub los ntawm nws cov ores, txawm tias ntawm qhov tsawg cyanide concentrations (0.01 - 0.1%).

Cov txheej txheem lub cev: Kev hloov pauv loj thiab Leaching Kinetics

Dhau ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kub cyanidation yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem lub cev xws li kev hloov pauv loj thiab kev sib kis. Tag nrho cov leaching tus nqi yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov reactants (cyanide thiab oxygen) mus rau qhov chaw kub thiab kev sib kis ntawm cov dicyanoaurate complexes tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li tus qauv shrinking - core, kub leaching tshwm sim hauv peb kauj ruam sib law liag:

1. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pawg sab nraud : Cyanide thiab oxygen kis mus rau hauv txheej ciam teb uas nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom kub.

2. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw : Oxidation thiab complexation tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub - kua interface.

3. Kev sib kis sab hauv : Cov kub - cyanide complexes uas tsim tawm yuav sib kis tawm ntawm cov khoom me me. Qhov qeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kauj ruam no txiav txim siab qhov nrawm ntawm kev tawm tag nrho, feem ntau yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pawg sab nraud lossis qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw, nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm.

Cyanidation Efficiency

Ntau yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kub cyanidation:

• Kev Ntsuas Cyanide : Yuav tsum muaj cyanide txaus los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ruaj khov, tab sis ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi nce ntxiv thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig. Qhov kev ntsuas zoo tshaj plaws sib txawv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau.

• Muaj Pa oxygen : Kev muaj pa oxygen txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov pa oxygen tsis txhob lwj. Cov txheej txheem aeration, xws li kev siv tshuab los yog kev siv cua los ua kom cov pa oxygen hloov pauv tau zoo.

• Kev Tswj pH : Cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog ua tiav ntawm pH siab (9 - 11) kom tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Cov txiv qaub ntsuab feem ntau yog siv los tswj qib pH xav tau.

• Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Pob Zeb : Qhov muaj cov sulfides, cov khoom siv Carbon aceous, thiab lwm yam minerals tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cyanidation. Piv txwv li, sulfides tuaj yeem noj cyanide thiab oxygen, thaum cov khoom carbonaceous tuaj yeem nqus cov kub - cyanide complexes, ua rau "preg - robbing."

Cov txheej txheem los txhim kho Cyanidation Performance

Txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kub rho tawm, ntau yam kev txhim kho yog siv:

• Kev kho ua ntej : Kev ci, kev ua kom sov siab, lossis bio-oxidation tuaj yeem siv rau cov pob zeb refractory kom tshem tawm cov zaub mov cuam tshuam thiab nthuav tawm cov nplaim kub.

• Cov Khoom Ntxiv : Cov tshuaj xws li thiourea lossis ammonia tuaj yeem ntxiv rau kom txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev yaj lossis tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab.

• Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Zoo Tshaj Plaws : Cov reactors leaching siab heev nrog kev sib xyaw thiab kev hloov pauv loj dua, xws li agitated - tank reactors lossis heap - leaching systems, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tag nrho.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, kub cyanidation leaching yog ib tug complex tab sis zoo heev txheej txheem uas combines cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hloov lub cev loj, thiab ceev faj tswj ntawm ntau yam tsis ua hauj lwm. Kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem kub rho tawm, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig hauv kev lag luam kub mining. Raws li qhov kev thov rau kub txuas ntxiv, kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua, kev ruaj khov, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cyanidation cov txheej txheem.