Sodium Cyanide: Kev daws teeb meem zoo rau qib qis kub Ore Leaching

Nyob rau hauv lub realm ntawm kub mining, lub extraction ntawm kub los ntawm cov qib qis ores yeej ib txwm yog ib qho kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Qeb kub ores, feem ntau muaj 0.30 - 0.50g / t ntawm kub, tam sim no cov yam ntxwv nyuaj uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha txoj kev rho tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntawm Sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem leaching tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo, hloov pauv txoj kev peb lis cov ores.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Sodium Cyanide hauv Kub Leaching

sodium cyanide yog ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov kub los ntawm nws cov ore. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog kub bearing ores, Sodium Cyanide reacts nrog kub, tsim ib tug soluble kub cyanide complex. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem yooj yim ua raws li hauv qab no:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Cov txheej txheem complexation no tso cai rau cov kub, uas feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv me me thiab dispersed cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ore matrix, yuav yaj thiab sib cais los ntawm ib puag ncig gangue minerals. Cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm sodium cyanide pab kom nws xaiv lub hom phiaj kub, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho reagent rau kub leaching hauj lwm.

Cov txheej txheem Leaching siv Sodium Cyanide

1. Kev npaj Ore

Thawj kauj ruam hauv cov qib qis kub ore leaching txheej txheem yog kev npaj ore. Qhov no suav nrog crushing thiab sib tsoo cov ore mus rau qhov loj me me. Lub hom phiaj yog kom nthuav tawm ntau cov pob zeb kub uas muaj peev xwm ua tau, txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm sodium cyanide tov thiab kub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug raug kev lag luam, cov ore tej zaum yuav crushed siv lub puab tsaig crushers thiab lub khob hliav qab crushers, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv hauv av nyob rau hauv lub pob mills kom ua tau ib tug particle loj haum rau npaum leaching, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm -150 + 75 µm raws li kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias yuav zoo rau ib co ores.

2. Leaching

Thaum cov ore tau npaj, nws yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw leaching. Muaj ntau txoj kev leaching, nrog heap leaching yog ib qho zoo rau cov qib qis ore. Nyob rau hauv heap leaching, cov ore yog piled rau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim impermeable hauv qab ncoo. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm sodium cyanide, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 200 - 500 ppm, yog tom qab ntawd tsis tu ncua txau hla cov pob zeb ore. Cov tshuaj percolates los ntawm ore, reacting nrog kub thiab dissolving nws. Cov txheej txheem leaching feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, nrog rau cov pH ntawm cov tshuaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 - 11 siv txiv qaub los yog sodium hydroxide. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov roj hydrogen cyanide, cov khoom muaj kuab lom, thiab tseem txhim kho cov solubility ntawm kub hauv cov tshuaj cyanide.

3. Kub rov qab

Tom qab kub tau yaj rau hauv cov kua cyanide, kauj ruam tom ntej yog rov qab tau nws. Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv dav tshaj plaws yog carbon-in-pulp (CIP) lossis carbon-in-leach (CIL) txheej txheem. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, Kev ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntxiv rau hauv cov kua leach. Cov kub cyanide complex raug adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated vim nws muaj kev sib raug zoo rau kub. Cov pa roj carbon loaded ces raug cais tawm ntawm cov slurry, thiab cov kub raug desorbed los ntawm cov pa roj carbon siv cov kua caustic cyanide. Tom qab ntawd, cov kub raug rov qab los ntawm cov kua desorbed los ntawm electrowinning lossis zinc precipitation methods. Lwm txoj kev yog cov zinc hmoov hloov txoj kev, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov kua kub muaj nqis tom qab cyanide leaching. Zinc hmoov lossis zinc hlau yog siv ua tus neeg sawv cev txo kom precipitate kub los ntawm cov kua.

4. Kev kho mob tailing

Cov khoom seem tom qab kub rov qab, hu ua tailings, muaj residual cyanide thiab lwm yam impurities. Kev kho tailings kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Cov tailings feem ntau yog kho nrog tshuaj los rhuav tshem cov cyanide seem. Piv txwv li, hydrogen peroxide lossis sulfur dioxide tuaj yeem siv los oxidize cov cyanide rau cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Tom qab kev kho mob, cov tailings feem ntau yog muab pov tseg rau hauv ib qho kev ua tib zoo tsim tailings dam, uas yog engineered los tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig.

Qhov zoo ntawm Kev Siv Sodium Cyanide hauv Qib Qib Kub Ore Leaching

1. Kev xaiv siab

Sodium cyanide nthuav tawm qib siab ntawm kev xaiv rau kub. Nws tuaj yeem yaj kub zoo thaum tawm hauv ntau lwm yam minerals hauv ore matrix unreacted. Qhov kev xaiv no tso cai rau kev sib cais zoo ntawm cov kub los ntawm kev sib xyaw ore sib xyaw, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov qib qis uas cov ntsiab lus kub tsis tshua muaj, thiab muaj lwm yam minerals tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem rho tawm.

2. Tus nqi-zoo

Piv rau lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev rho tawm kub los ntawm qib qis, kev siv sodium cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem leaching yog tus nqi zoo. Cov reagents xav tau, xws li sodium cyanide nws tus kheej, txiv qaub rau pH hloov, thiab cov pa roj carbon activated rau kub rov qab, yog muag muag ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej siv hauv cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching, xws li crushers, grinders, leaching tanks, thiab carbon adsorption txhua, yog cov khoom siv mining txheem, uas txo cov nqi tag nrho ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

3. Zoo-tsim Technology

Kev siv sodium cyanide hauv kub leaching muaj keeb kwm ntev, yos rov qab mus rau 1880s. Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev tshawb fawb dav dav thiab kev ua tau zoo tau sau tseg, ua rau muaj kev txhim kho zoo thiab ua kom zoo dua qub. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov tuam txhab mining tuaj yeem tso siab rau cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem pov thawj, txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab tsis raug kuaj. Cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev paub hauv kev lag luam tseem ua rau nws yooj yim dua los siv thiab ua kom zoo dua cyanide leaching kev ua haujlwm.

Kev Sib Tw Sib Koom Nrog Kev Siv Sodium Cyanide thiab Lawv Cov Kev daws teeb meem

1. Kev lom

Sodium cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev, thiab nws txoj kev tuav thiab siv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Hauv kev teb rau qhov kev sib tw no, cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb nruj tau siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tsuas. Cov no suav nrog kev khaws cia hauv qhov chaw ruaj ntseg, qhov cua zoo, kev siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab kev cob qhia tsis tu ncua ntawm cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau tsim los txo qis kev siv sodium cyanide. Piv txwv li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov leaching reagents, xws li thiosulfate-raws li leaching agents, uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom, qhia tau hais tias cog lus. Txawm hais tias cov kev xaiv no tseem tsis tau siv dav raws li sodium cyanide, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv nyiaj.

2. Kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig

Kev siv sodium cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo. Cyanide hauv tailings tuaj yeem ua rau cov av thiab dej, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov dej hauv dej thiab ecosystems. Txhawm rau daws qhov no, cov txheej txheem kev tswj xyuas tailings siab heev tau ua haujlwm. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov kab tailings dams los tiv thaiv kev nkag mus, thiab kev kho cov tailings kom txo cov qib cyanide kom tau txais kev txwv. Qee lub tuam txhab mining tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem leaching, ntxiv txo nws qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.

3. Complex Ore yam ntxwv

Qeb kub ores feem ntau muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov ntxhia hauv cov ntxhia, uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem rau cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching. Piv txwv li, muaj qee yam sulfide minerals, xws li pyrite, tuaj yeem haus cyanide thiab oxygen, txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm kub. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov no, cov kev kho mob ua ntej yog qee zaum ua haujlwm. Oxidation ua ntej kev kho mob, xws li bio-oxidation lossis roasting, tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem cov zaub mov sulfide thiab ua kom cov kub nkag mus rau cov tshuaj cyanide. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua kom zoo tshaj qhov tsis muaj leaching, xws li cov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide, pH ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lub sij hawm leaching, tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm rau ntau hom ore.

Yav tom ntej Trends nyob rau qib qis kub Ore Leaching nrog Sodium Cyanide

1. Txheej txheem optimization

Kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua tsom mus rau kev ua kom zoo ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem ua qauv siab tshaj plaws los kwv yees tus cwj pwm leaching ntawm cov ores sib txawv thiab txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tuaj yeem siv los simulate qhov ntws ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide los ntawm ore heap, kom ntseeg tau tias kev faib tawm tsis sib xws thiab ua kom muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag yog tsim los kho cov txheej txheem leaching raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas ua rau cov kub rov qab ntau dua thiab txo cov reagent noj.

2. Kev koom ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm qib qis kub ore leaching yuav muaj kev koom ua ke ntawm sodium cyanide leaching nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Piv txwv li, kev siv nanotechnology los txhim kho cov reactivity ntawm cov leaching reagents los yog txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kub rov qab txoj kev. Nanoparticle-based catalysts tuaj yeem ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm sodium cyanide thiab kub, txo lub sijhawm leaching thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Lwm thaj chaw ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog siv cov kev txawj ntse txawj ntse thiab kev kawm tshuab los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsuas, ua kom muaj kev txiav txim siab zoo hauv cov txheej txheem tswj thiab optimization.

3. Cov kev coj ua ruaj khov

Raws li kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev sib raug zoo txuas ntxiv mus, kev lag luam mining tau nthuav dav ntxiv rau kev coj ua kom ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qib qis kub ore leaching nrog sodium cyanide, qhov no txhais tau tias tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab kev sib raug zoo txoj kev. Qhov no suav nrog kev txo qis kev siv tshuaj lom reagents, txo qis kev tsim khoom pov tseg, thiab ua kom muaj kev tswj xyuas kom zoo ntawm tailings. Cov tuam txhab mining tseem tab tom tsom mus rau kev koom tes hauv zej zog thiab kev tsim kho kev sib raug zoo los ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev lees txais mus ntev thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm.

Hauv kev xaus, sodium cyanide tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov kub los ntawm qib qis ore. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv, kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua thiab thev naus laus zis tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab ib puag ncig kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching. Los ntawm kev hais daws cov teeb meem no thiab ua raws li cov kev xav tau yav tom ntej, kev lag luam kub mining tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv kom rho tawm tus nqi los ntawm qib qis kub ores hauv lub luag haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.