Cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem rau Detoxification ntawm Cyanide Tailings

Introduction

Cyanide tailings yog cov khoom khib nyiab tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov mines kub thiab lwm yam mines. Vim muaj cov residual cyanides thiab lwm yam hlau hnyav, yog tias tsis kho kom zoo, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Lub siab toxicity ntawm Cyanides tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm huab cua, dej, thiab av, ua rau muaj kuab paug rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom detoxify Cyanide Tailings. Kab lus no yuav nthuav qhia hauv kev nthuav dav detoxification cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem ntawm cyanide tailings.

Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev phom sij ntawm Cyanide Tailings

Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cyanide tailings yog complex. Ntxiv nrog rau cov cyanide uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, nws tseem muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, thiab NEEJ COJ. Cov hlau hnyav no nyuaj rau degrade nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj thiab yuav khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cyanides tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa enzymes hauv cov hlwb lom, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab tuag ntawm cov kab mob. Piv txwv li, thaum cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cyanide tailings tawm mus rau hauv cov dej ntws, nws yuav ua rau muaj coob tus neeg tuag ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej xws li ntses, ua rau cov dej ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas. Thaum cov hlau hnyav nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, lawv yuav sib sau ua ke hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab ua rau ntau yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj lom lead ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab Mercury tshuaj lom ua rau lub raum thiab lub hlwb puas.

Txoj Kev Detoxification

Kev Siv Tshuaj Oxidation

1. Txoj kev Alkaline Chlorination: Qhov no yog ib qho kev siv tshuaj oxidation detoxification txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob (feem ntau tus nqi pH yog tswj ntawm 10 - 11), oxidants xws li chlorine gas los yog hypochlorites ntxiv rau cyanide tailings. Nws cov ntsiab lus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no: Ua ntej, cyanide ions (CN⁻) yog oxidized rau cyanate ions (CNO⁻), thiab cov kev sib npaug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Tom qab ntawd, cyanate yog decomposed rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo xws li nitrogen thiab carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv ntxiv oxidation, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yog ceev heev thiab cov nyhuv detoxification yog pom tseeb, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias qee cov pa phem xws li tshuaj chlorine - muaj cov pa roj tuaj yeem tsim tawm.

2. Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Method: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) tuaj yeem oxidize thiab decompose cyanide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug haum catalyst. Catalysts xws li ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) feem ntau yog xaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, hydrogen peroxide decomposes los tsim hydroxyl radicals (·OH), uas muaj zog heev oxidizing zog thiab yuav sai sai oxidize cyanide. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm hydrogen peroxide oxidation txoj kev yog tias cov khoom tom qab decomposition ntawm hydrogen peroxide yog dej thiab oxygen, thiab tsis muaj cov pa phem tshiab tau qhia, tab sis tus nqi kuj yog siab heev, thiab cov kev cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nruj heev.

Txoj Kev Siv Tshuaj Oxidation

1. Microbial Leaching Method: Qee cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, xws li Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, tau siv. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem siv cov cyanide ua nitrogen thiab carbon qhov chaw thaum lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab oxidize thiab decompose lawv. Los ntawm lawv tus kheej cov dej num metabolic, cov kab mob hloov pauv cyanide mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo xws li carbon dioxide, dej, thiab ammonia. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab muaj kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob loj heev cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li kub thiab pH tus nqi, thiab kev kho mob yog ntev heev.

2. Txoj kev Biofilm: Cov kab mob microorganisms yog tsau rau saum npoo ntawm cov cab kuj los ua ib qho biofilm. Thaum cyanide tailings tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog biofilm, cyanide yog degraded los ntawm cov kab mob. Biofilm muaj zog adsorption thiab degradation peev xwm, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob cyanide. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem microbial leaching, cov kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem biofilm tsis yooj yim ploj thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua, tab sis lawv kuj ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev nkag siab rau ib puag ncig.

Lwm Txoj Kev

1. High - Temperature Pyrolysis Method: Cyanide tailings yog pyrolyzed ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau tshaj 800 ℃), thiab cyanide decomposed rau hauv gases xws li nitrogen thiab carbon monoxide. Txoj kev kub-kub pyrolysis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov cyanide zoo, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau siv ntau lub zog, thiab cov hlau hnyav tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev kho cua tom qab.

2. Txoj kev adsorption: Adsorbents xws li activated carbon thiab zeolite yog siv los adsorb cyanides. Adsorbents muaj thaj chaw loj tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem adsorb cyanide ntawm lawv qhov chaw, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm detoxification. Txoj kev adsorption yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tab sis lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm adsorbent yog txwv, thiab cov adsorbent yuav tsum tau hloov tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho cov adsorbed adsorbent kuj tseem nyuaj.

Txheej txheem detoxification

Kev hais ua ntej

1. Crushing thiab tshuaj ntsuam: Cov cyanide loj heev tailings yog crushed kom txo lawv cov particle loj, kom cov tom ntej detoxification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau dua. Cov crushers feem ntau muaj xws li lub puab tsaig crushers, lub khob hliav qab crushers, thiab lwm yam. Cov crushed tailings yog tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas xws li vibrating cov ntxaij vab tshaus los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntawm qhov sib txawv particle loj, muab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim nyog particle loj rau kev kho mob tom ntej.

2. Ua Lees: Txhawm rau ua kom cyanide sib cuag zoo dua thiab hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov detoxification reagent, dej lossis lwm cov kuab tshuaj uas tsim nyog feem ntau yog siv los tshem cov cyanide tailings. Cov txheej txheem leaching yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug stirred tank, thiab cov tailings thiab cov kuab tshuaj yog tag nrho tov los ntawm stirring. Yam xws li leaching lub sij hawm, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov kua - rau - cov khoom sib piv yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv leaching, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo raws li qhov tseeb.

Kev ua haujlwm detoxification

1. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm Tshuaj Oxidation Method: Siv txoj kev alkaline chlorination ua piv txwv, hauv cov tshuaj tailings tom qab leaching, sodium hydroxide yog thawj zaug ntxiv los kho tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau 10 - 11. Tom qab ntawd, cov roj chlorine maj mam qhia lossis sodium hypochlorite tov ntxiv, thiab nplawm yog nqa tawm tib lub sijhawm kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tiav. Thaum cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov cyanide concentration hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv lub sijhawm. Thaum cov cyanide concentration yog txo kom qis dua tus qauv, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov oxidant raug tso tseg.

2. Txoj Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem: Yog tias siv txoj hauv kev microbial leaching, cov kab lis kev cai Thiobacillus ferrooxidans thiab lwm yam kab mob tau raug inoculated rau hauv cov tshuaj leaching uas muaj cyanide tailings. Qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tswj nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob (feem ntau 25 - 35 ℃), thiab pH tus nqi yog hloov mus rau qhov tsim nyog ntau yam (feem ntau 2 - 4). Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov as-ham yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv tsis tu ncua kom tau raws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv detoxification yog txiav txim los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov cyanide concentration thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.

Kev kho mob tom ntej

1. Khoom - Ua kua sib cais: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv detoxification tiav lawm, cov tailings kho yuav tsum raug rau cov khoom - kua sib cais. Feem ntau cov khoom - cov kua sib cais muaj xws li pom thiab centrifugation. Los ntawm cov khoom siv lim dej xws li phaj - thiab - thav duab lim xovxwm, cov khoom tailings raug cais tawm ntawm cov kua. Cov kua sib cais yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv rau cyanide thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau hnyav kom ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem tso tawm tom qab ua tau raws li cov qauv tso tawm.

2. Kev tshem tawm tailings: Tom qab detoxification thiab khoom - kua sib cais, yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv cov tailings tseem siab, yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv. Piv txwv li, kev siv tshuab ua kom ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov yog siv, thiab cov tailings tau sib xyaw nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ruaj khov xws li cov cement thiab txiv qaub los txhim kho cov hlau hnyav hauv lub cev solidified thiab txo lawv cov kev txav mus los hauv ib puag ncig. Cov tailings kho tau tuaj yeem muab pov tseg lossis siv dav raws li cov xwm txheej tiag tiag, xws li siv los tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

xaus

Kev kho mob detoxification ntawm cyanide tailings yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev siv cov peev txheej ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem detoxification sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov txheej txheem detoxification thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xaiv los ua ke raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cyanide tailings, cov nqi kho mob, thiab cov kev cai ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab tau tshwm sim tas li. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab kev lag luam detoxification txoj kev rau cyanide tailings, muab kev daws teeb meem zoo dua rau cov teeb meem ib puag ncig los ntawm cyanide tailings.