Sodium Cyanide: Ib qho tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yog ib qho tseem ceeb inorganic compound nyob rau hauv loj heev ntawm chemical raw khoom. Nrog nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Kab lus no delves rau hauv cov khoom, kev siv, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm Sodium cyanide, aiming muab kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb no.

Cov khoom ntawm Sodium Cyanide

Lub Cev Lub Cev

Sodium cyanide zoo nkaus li dawb crystalline solids, lumps, los yog hmoov. Nws yog hygroscopic thiab muaj iab iab iab almond tsw. Nws yog heev soluble nyob rau hauv dej, nrog kwv yees li 0.4 kg ntawm cov khoom Sodium Cyanide tuaj yeem yaj hauv 1 kg dej ntawm 30 ° C. Nws kuj muaj qee qhov solubility hauv ethanol. Lub compound muaj ib tug hnyav molecular ntawm 49.007 g / mol, ib tug melting point ntawm 564 ° C, thiab ib tug boiling point ntawm 1469 ° C, nrog ib tug vapor siab ntawm 0.1 kPa ntawm 800 ° C.

Tshuaj khoom

Sodium cyanide yog lub hauv paus muaj zog - qaug zog acid ntsev. Nws cov tshuaj aqueous tuaj yeem crystallize rau daim ntawv sodium cyanide hydrates uas muaj ib lossis ob lub molecules dej hauv qab 1.34 ° C. Thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 34.7 ° C, nws poob cov dej crystallization thiab dhau los ua cov ntsev tsis muaj dej. Nws reacts nkag tau nrog acids, txawm tias tsis muaj zog acids. Cov hlau xws li hlau, zinc, npib tsib xee, tooj liab, cobalt, nyiaj, thiab cadmium tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov tshuaj sodium cyanide, uas ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo. cyanides. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, nws muaj peev xwm yaj precious hlau zoo li kub thiab nyiaj los ua complex ntsev. Nws yog incompatible nrog acids thiab tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog carbon dioxide. Hauv huab cua ntub lossis dej, nws tuaj yeem decompose. Thaum rhuab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, nws tsim cov pa phem xws li hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, thiab nitrogen oxides. Nws reacts hnyav nrog nitrates, nitrites, thiab chlorates, ua rau muaj kev phom sij tawg.

Kev siv ntawm Sodium Cyanide

Mining Kev lag luam

Nyob rau hauv lub Mining kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv extraction ntawm precious hlau xws li kub thiab nyiaj, sodium cyanide yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem cyanidation, uas suav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj sodium cyanide kom yaj cov kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm cov ore, yog dav siv vim nws qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis. Rau txhua kilogram ntawm kub tsim, kwv yees li plaub mus rau tsib tons ntawm sodium cyanide tej zaum yuav xav tau. Qhov kev thov rau sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv daim teb no yog ze ze rau tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig hauv ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam. Raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rov qab los thiab cov nqi hlau muaj txiaj ntsig tau nce, kev ua haujlwm mining ntau ntxiv ua rau muaj kev thov ntau dua rau sodium cyanide.

Tshuaj Synthesis

1. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Sodium cyanide yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom nyob rau hauv pharmaceutical synthesis. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ntau thiab khoom noj khoom haus xws li penicillin, vitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, thiab caffeine. Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuaj molecules yog qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov tshuaj uas kho ntau yam kab mob.

2. Kev tsim tshuaj tua kab

Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab, sodium cyanide yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab xws li glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, thiab isoprothiolane. Cov tshuaj tua kab no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov qoob loo los ntawm kab tsuag thiab nroj tsuag, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov. Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws uas muaj sodium cyanide pab tsim cov tshuaj tua kab muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb.

3.Synthesis ntawm lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv tsev thaiv rau kev tsim ntau yam ntawm inorganic thiab organic Cyanides. Ncaj nraim siv sodium cyanide, tseem ceeb inorganic cyanides xws li sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, thiab potassium thiocyanate tuaj yeem tsim tau. Hauv thaj av ntawm cov organic cyanides, cov tebchaw xws li cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, thiab cyanuric chloride yog synthesized. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen cyanide los ntawm sodium cyanide, cov khoom xws li methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, thiab glycolonitrile tuaj yeem tsim tau ntxiv. Cov tebchaw no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws, suav nrog cov yas, roj hmab, thiab fibers.

Kev lag luam electroplating

Hauv electroplating, sodium cyanide yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv electroplating da dej rau hlau xws li tooj liab, nyiaj, cadmium, thiab zinc. Nws tuaj yeem txo cov nyhuv anodic polarization, kom ntseeg tau qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov anode. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nyhuv cathodic polarization, pab kom tau txais cov txheej txheem hlau tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw tab sis kuj txhim kho lawv cov tsos, ua rau cov khoom siv electroplated zoo nkauj dua thiab ruaj khov.

Kev tsim cov Sodium Cyanide

Kev tsim cov sodium cyanide yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg. Ib txoj hauv kev yog cov txheej txheem Andrussow, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm methane, ammonia, thiab oxygen tshaj platinum - rhodium catalyst ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lwm txoj kev yog cov txheej txheem Castner, uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm sodium amide nrog carbon nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev toxicity siab thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm sodium cyanide, nws cov khoom tsim tau nruj me ntsis tswj hwm los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj no.

Kev nyab xeeb thiab tuav ntawm Sodium Cyanide

Toxicity

Sodium cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev. Txawm tias me me, tsawg li 100 - 200 mg, tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias noj, nqus, lossis nqus los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Thaum nws nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev, nws tso tawm cyanide ions (CN-), uas muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov hlau ions hauv hlwb. Qhov no cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem oxidation ib txwm nyob hauv cov hlwb, ua rau cov cell asphyxiation thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia, thaum kawg ua rau tuag. Kev raug mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob xws li qaug zog, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, xeev siab, mob hauv siab, ua pa nyuaj, palpitations, thiab tsis nco qab.

Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb

1.Vuas khoom

Sodium cyanide yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, zoo-ventilated cheeb tsam, deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tshav kub, ignition, thiab acids. Nws yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv kaw nruj nreem ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xau thiab cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig. Cov chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov xau - sau cov kab ke thiab cov cim ceeb toom kom tsis txhob raug xwm txheej.

2.Txoj kev thauj mus los

Thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los, sodium cyanide yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai nruj. Cov tsheb thauj tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog rau kev nyab xeeb yog xav tau. Cov txheej txheem kev thauj mus los yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo lossis kev sib tsoo. Cov phiaj xwm teb xwm ceev thiab cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis tau pom dua.

3.Tau hauv Chaw Tsim Khoom

Cov neeg ua haujlwm tuav cov tshuaj sodium cyanide hauv cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia txog kev nyab xeeb. Lawv yuav tsum hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, suav nrog lub tshuab ua pa, khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, hnab looj tes, thiab tsom iav. Hauv - cog kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm nruj kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug nchuav los yog xau, yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd ntsuas kub ceev, xws li siv hydrogen peroxide los neutralize sodium cyanide.

Ib puag ncig cuam tshuam

Kev pov tseg tsis raug ntawm sodium cyanide lossis nws cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau ib puag ncig. Cyanide - uas muaj cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem ua rau cov av thiab dej, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, thiab cov kab mob hauv dej. Hauv kev lag luam kub mining, piv txwv li, ntau cov cyanide - muaj cov tailings yog tsim txhua xyoo. Cov tailings no, yog tias tsis tswj kom zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau ib puag ncig ntev. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nruj thiab cov thev naus laus zis kho cov khoom pov tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm sodium cyanide - ntsig txog cov dej num.

xaus

Sodium cyanide, txawm hais tias nws muaj toxicity, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb ua rau nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm cov hlau zoo nkauj, Tshuaj synthesis, thiab electroplating. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb nruj thiab cov txheej txheem tuav kom zoo yuav tsum tau ua raws li thoob plaws hauv nws cov khoom tsim, kev thauj mus los, kev khaws cia, thiab kev siv. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev siv zog kuj tseem yuav tsim los txhim kho ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab kev nyab xeeb dua lwm txoj hauv kev los yog txhim kho cov txheej txheem kom txo tau qhov kev cia siab ntawm thiab kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog sodium cyanide thaum tseem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam.