Cyanidation Kub Extraction: Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm Percolation Cyanidation txheej txheem

Introduction

Kub yeej ib txwm muaj nqis tseem ceeb thoob plaws keeb kwm tib neeg, tsis yog rau nws siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub xwb tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam xws li hluav taws xob, kho hniav, thiab aerospace. Kev rho tawm kub los ntawm nws cov ores yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj, nrog cyanidation yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv dav tshaj plaws. Cyanidation kub rho tawm suav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj cyanide los yaj kub los ntawm cov ore. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm vim tias kub muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ruaj khov nrog cyanide ions. Tsab xov xwm no nkag mus tob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau Percolation Cyanidation txoj kev.

Nkag siab txog Cyanidation Kub Extraction

Txoj Cai ntawm Cyanidation

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cyanidation yog raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kub nrog cyanide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Thaum kub los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj cyanide thiab muaj cov pa oxygen, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, kub yog oxidized thiab tsim ib tug soluble complex. Cov cyanide ions ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no los ntawm kev khi nrog cov ions kub, ua rau lawv yaj hauv cov tshuaj. Qhov solubility no tso cai rau kev sib cais ntawm kub los ntawm ore matrix, uas yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev rho tawm kub los ntawm cov ore raw.

Cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm Cyanidation

Cov txheej txheem cyanidation feem ntau muaj ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb:

1. Kev Npaj Cov Pob Zeb : Ua ntej, cov pob zeb yuav raug tsoo thiab sib tsoo kom loj li qhov loj me uas tsim nyog. Cov kauj ruam no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws ua rau thaj chaw ntawm cov pob zeb nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev sib cuag zoo dua nrog cov tshuaj cyanide. Cov txheej txheem no yuav muaj ntau theem ntawm kev tsoo thiab sib tsoo kom ua tiav qhov zoo li xav tau.

2. Kev Tshem Tawm Cyanide : Tom qab npaj cov hlau, nws yuav raug tshem tawm nrog cov kua cyanide. Muaj ntau txoj kev tshem tawm sib txawv, nrog ob hom tseem ceeb yog kev sib xyaw cyanidation thiab percolation cyanidation. Hauv kev sib xyaw cyanidation, cov hlau yuav sib xyaw nrog cov kua cyanide hauv cov thoob dej sib xyaw. Percolation cyanidation, uas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no, cuam tshuam nrog cov kua cyanide uas nkag mus rau hauv lub txaj hlau.

3. Kev Cais Cov Tshuaj Kub Uas Muaj : Thaum cov txheej txheem leaching tiav lawm, cov tshuaj kub uas muaj yuav tsum tau cais tawm ntawm cov khoom seem khov. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev lim dej lossis kev tso dej.

4. Kev Rov Qab Tau Kub : Tom qab cais cov kua kub uas muaj kub, ntau txoj kev siv los rov qab tau kub ntawm nws. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog kev ua kom zinc nag, qhov twg zinc raug ntxiv rau hauv cov kua kom tshem tawm kub ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tsim cov khoom kub khov kho. Lwm txoj kev yog kev nqus cov pa roj carbon activated , qhov twg cov pa roj carbon activated siv los nqus cov khoom kub ntawm cov kua, uas tom qab ntawd raug ua tiav ntxiv kom tau txais kub ntshiab.

Percolation Cyanidation txheej txheem

Yuav ua li cas Percolation Cyanidation ua haujlwm

Percolation cyanidation yog txheej txheem uas cov tshuaj dilute cyanide tso cai rau percolate los ntawm lub txaj ntawm crushed los yog agglomerated ore. Cov ore feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv loj, xws li leaching vat lossis heap. Cov tshuaj cyanide tau muab faib sib npaug rau saum npoo ntawm lub txaj ore thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txav los ntawm cov ore vim lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Raws li kev daws teeb meem dhau los ntawm cov ore, cov cyanide reacts nrog cov kub tam sim no hauv cov ore, tsim cov kub soluble - cyanide complex. Qhov no complex yog ces sau nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv.

Cov Cheebtsam tseem ceeb thiab cov kauj ruam hauv Percolation Cyanidation

1. Kev Npaj Ore rau Percolation Cyanidation :

• Kev Sib Tsoo thiab Kev Tshuaj Xyuas : Cov hlau yuav raug tsoo ua ntej kom muaj qhov loj me me, feem ntau yog li ntawm ob peb centimeters mus rau ob peb millimeters. Qhov no yog kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov khoob txaus hauv lub txaj hlau rau cov tshuaj cyanide kom nkag mus. Tom qab sib tsoo, cov hlau yuav raug tshuaj xyuas kom tshem tawm cov khoom me me uas loj dhau.

• Kev Sib Sau Ua Ib Ke (Xaiv Tau) : Qee zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ores uas muaj cov av nplaum ntau lossis cov khoom me me, kev sib sau ua ke yuav tsum tau ua. Kev sib sau ua ke suav nrog kev ntxiv cov khoom siv khi, xws li cement lossis lime, rau hauv ore thiab sib tov nrog dej. Qhov no pab tsim cov khoom loj dua, ruaj khov dua, txhim kho qhov permeability ntawm lub txaj ore thiab tiv thaiv kev txhaws ntawm cov qhov hws thaum lub sijhawm percolation.

2. Kev Teeb Tsa Leaching :

• Kev ntxuav cov thoob khib nyiab los yog cov thoob khib nyiab :

• Cov Thawv Tso Dej : Rau cov haujlwm me me lossis cov hlau siab dua, cov thawv tso dej feem ntau siv. Cov no yog cov thawv loj, muaj kab uas muab cov hlau tso rau. Cov thawv no muaj lub hauv qab cuav, uas tso cai rau cov kua cyanide sib sau ua ke hauv qab lub txaj hlau yam tsis nqa cov khoom khov. Cov kua cyanide raug tso rau saum lub thawv, los ntawm kev txau lossis tsuas yog nchuav rau saum cov hlau.

• Kev Tshem Tawm Pob Zeb : Kev tshem tawm pob zeb yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau kev ua haujlwm loj thiab cov pob zeb qis. Hauv kev tshem tawm pob zeb, cov pob zeb raug muab tso rau ntawm daim ntaub uas tsis nkag tau hauv av. Lub pob zeb tuaj yeem loj heev, qee zaum npog ntau hectares. Cov kua cyanide raug faib rau saum lub pob zeb siv lub network ntawm cov dej txau lossis cov tshuab dej ntws.

• Kev Npaj Cov Tshuaj Cyanide : Cov tshuaj cyanide siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw cyanidation feem ntau yog cov tshuaj dilute ntawm Sodium Cyanide lossis potassium cyanide, nrog rau qhov concentration feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.01% - 0.1% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov tshuaj kuj tseem yuav muaj lwm yam khoom ntxiv, xws li txiv qaub ntsuab, los kho qhov pH ntawm cov tshuaj. Kev tswj qhov pH kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws cuam tshuam rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cyanide thiab tus nqi ntawm kev yaj kub. Qhov pH zoo tshaj plaws rau cyanidation feem ntau yog nyob ib puag ncig 10 - 11.

3. Kev Tso Dej thiab Kev Tshem Tawm :

• Kev Faib Cov Tshuaj : Cov tshuaj cyanide raug faib kom sib npaug rau saum npoo ntawm lub txaj ore. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lim cov vats, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov yeeb nkab perforated lossis lub tshuab txau nozzle. Hauv kev lim cov heap, cov sprinklers lossis cov tshuab dej ntws ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj mus txog txhua qhov ntawm lub heap.

• Lub Sijhawm Leaching : Lub sijhawm leaching hauv percolation cyanidation tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau nyob ntawm cov yam xws li hom ore, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov kua cyanide. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem ntev li ob peb hnub mus rau ob peb lub lis piam. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov kua cyanide txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov ore, ua rau kub thiab yaj nws.

• Kev Saib Xyuas thiab Kev Tswj : Thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem leaching, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom saib xyuas ntau yam kev ntsuas. Qhov no suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas pH ntawm cov tshuaj tsis tu ncua, qhov concentration ntawm cyanide hauv cov tshuaj, thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov kub yaj hauv cov tshuaj. Cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj raug coj mus rau lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua thiab tshuaj xyuas hauv chav kuaj mob. Kev hloov kho yuav raug ua rau pH lossis qhov concentration cyanide yog tias tsim nyog los ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem leaching.

4. Kev Sau thiab Kev Kho Mob ntawm Cov Tshuaj Cev Xeeb Tub :

• Kev Sau : Cov kua kub uas muaj, tseem hu ua cov kua cev xeeb tub, raug sau rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv lim dej lossis los ntawm lub kaw lus ntws dej hauv kev lim dej heap. Hauv cov thawv lim dej, cov kua cev xeeb tub raug rub tawm los ntawm lub valve nyob hauv qab ntawm lub hauv qab cuav. Hauv kev lim dej heap, cov kua raug sau rau hauv cov qhov dej lossis cov pas dej nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub thawv.

• Kev Kho Mob : Thaum twg sau tau lawm, cov kua uas cev xeeb tub yuav raug kho kom rov qab tau cov kub. Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog zinc precipitation thiab activated carbon adsorption. Hauv zinc precipitation, zinc hmoov lossis zinc shavings raug ntxiv rau hauv cov kua uas cev xeeb tub. Cov zinc ua rau cov kub - cyanide complex, hloov cov kub thiab tsim cov khoom kub khov kho, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem lim thiab ua tiav ntxiv. Hauv activated carbon adsorption, cov kua uas cev xeeb tub yuav raug xa mus rau hauv ib lub kem uas muaj activated carbon. Cov kub - cyanide complex raug adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov carbon, thiab cov carbon ces raug tshem tawm ntawm lub kem thiab ua tiav kom rho tawm cov kub.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Percolation Cyanidation

zoo

1. Kev Haum Rau Cov Pob Zeb Qib Qis : Percolation cyanidation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog heap leaching, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho cov pob zeb kub qib qis. Vim tias cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab tsis xav tau kev sib tsoo ntau thiab cov cuab yeej kim rau kev ua cov pob zeb zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo rau cov pob zeb uas yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los ua cov txheej txheem siv lwm txoj hauv kev nyuaj dua.

2. Cov Nqi Qis thiab Cov Nqi Ua Haujlwm : Piv rau qee lwm txoj kev rho tawm kub, xws li kev sib xyaw cyanidation uas xav tau cov thoob dej loj, kim thiab siv zog ntau rau kev sib tov, percolation cyanidation muaj cov nqi qis dua. Cov khoom siv xav tau, xws li leaching vats lossis cov khoom siv yooj yim heap - cov khoom siv hauv tsev, pheej yig heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqi ua haujlwm kuj qis dua vim nws siv zog tsawg dua thiab xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsawg dua rau kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub.

3. Cov Txiaj Ntsig Rau Ib Puag Ncig (Zoo Li) : Hais txog qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, kev siv cyanidation los ntawm percolation tuaj yeem muaj qee qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ntxuav cov pob zeb, cov hlau tsis raug sib tsoo ntau, uas txo qhov tsim cov hmoov av me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov thawv ntxuav lossis cov thawv ntim khoom pab tiv thaiv kev xau ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide - uas muaj cov tshuaj mus rau hauv ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cyanide tseem yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev, thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig kom zoo tseem ceeb heev.

4. Cov Txheej Txheem Yooj Yim : Cov txheej txheem ntawm percolation cyanidation yog qhov yooj yim to taub thiab yooj yim rau kev nkag siab thiab ua haujlwm. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov haujlwm mining me me uas muaj kev txawj ntse tsawg.

tsis zoo

1. Kev Tawm Qeeb qeeb : Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj ntawm kev siv percolation cyanidation yog qhov kev tawm qeeb qeeb. Piv rau kev sib xyaw cyanidation, qhov twg cov hlau sib xyaw nrog cov kua cyanide tas li, cov txheej txheem percolation vam khom kev txav qeeb ntawm cov kua los ntawm lub txaj hlau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm tawm ntev dua, uas yuav tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm uas xav tau kev xa khoom ntau lossis tig rov qab sai.

2. Qee Qhov Kev Rov Qab Tau Kub Tsawg : Tus nqi rov qab tau kub hauv kev percolation cyanidation yuav qis dua li lwm txoj hauv kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ores nrog cov mineralogy nyuaj. Yog tias cov kub tau kis mus rau lwm cov minerals, cov kua cyanide yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tag nrho cov khoom kub tau zoo, ua rau tus nqi rov qab tau qis dua.

3. Kev Lom Cyanide : Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev, thiab nws siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke cyanidation ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Txhua qhov xau lossis kev siv tsis raug ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide uas muaj cyanide tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg. Yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb thiab cov cai ib puag ncig kom txo qis cov kev pheej hmoo no.

4. Kev Rhiab Rau Cov Khoom Siv Ore : Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm percolation cyanidation yog nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov ore. Piv txwv li, cov ores uas muaj av nplaum ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog qhov permeability ntawm lub txaj ore, ua rau cov kua dej ntws tsis zoo thiab tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ores uas muaj qee yam minerals uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cyanide, xws li cov minerals uas muaj tooj liab, tuaj yeem noj cyanide thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching.

Kev sib piv nrog lwm txoj kev rho tawm kub

Kev sib piv nrog Agitation Cyanidation

1. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Rho Tawm : Kev sib xyaw ua ke cyanidation feem ntau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li kev rho tawm cyanidation. Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke cyanidation, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau thiab cov kua cyanide ua kom muaj kev sib cuag zoo dua ntawm ob qho, ua rau kub yaj sai dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm rho tawm luv dua thiab cov nqi rov qab kub siab dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov hlau uas muaj cov kub ntau lossis cov mineralogy nyuaj.

2. Cov Khoom Siv thiab Tus Nqi : Kev sib xyaw ua ke cyanidation xav tau cov khoom siv nyuaj thiab kim dua, suav nrog cov thoob dej sib xyaw loj, cov cav muaj zog rau kev sib tov, thiab cov tshuab nqus dej slurry zoo heev. Qhov no ua rau muaj nqi peev ntau dua. Qhov sib piv, percolation cyanidation xav tau cov khoom siv yooj yim dua, xws li leaching vats lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev yooj yim, ua rau nws raug nqi ntau dua - zoo dua hauv kev nqis peev peev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi khiav lag luam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke cyanidation yuav tsis tas yuav siab dua, vim tias lub sijhawm leaching luv dua yuav pab txhawb kev siv zog ntau dua rau kev sib tov.

3. Kev Haum Rau Cov Hom Ore : Kev sib xyaw cyanidation zoo dua rau cov ores uas xav tau kev sib tsoo zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav, xws li cov ores kub nplua nuj sulfide. Percolation cyanidation, ntawm qhov tod tes, zoo dua rau cov ores qis, oxidized uas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub xeev coarser.

Kev sib piv nrog Tsis-Cyanide Gold Extraction Methods

1. Kev Cuam Tshuam Ib Puag Ncig : Cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub uas tsis yog cyanide, xws li thiourea leaching lossis bio-leaching, feem ntau suav tias yog tus phooj ywg zoo rau ib puag ncig vim lawv tsis siv cyanide lom heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no kuj muaj lawv tus kheej cov teeb meem ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, thiourea tuaj yeem ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj yog tias tsis tswj hwm kom zoo, thiab bio-leaching yuav xav tau cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua. Percolation cyanidation, txawm tias siv cyanide, tuaj yeem tswj hwm tau hauv txoj kev lav phib xaub ib puag ncig nrog kev tswj hwm thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide uas muaj.

2. Tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo : Cov txheej txheem tsis yog cyanide yuav muaj tus nqi siab dua ntawm cov tshuaj reagents lossis kev siv zog. Piv txwv li, thiourea kim dua cyanide, thiab bio-leaching yuav xav tau cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig tswj hwm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi nce ntxiv. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm zoo, cyanidation, suav nrog percolation cyanidation, feem ntau muaj tus nqi rov qab kub siab dua piv rau qee txoj kev tsis yog cyanide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pob zeb kub ib txwm muaj.

xaus

Percolation cyanidation yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam kub extraction, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho mob ntawm qib qis thiab oxidized kub ore. Nws txoj kev yooj yim, tus nqi qis, thiab qhov tsim nyog rau qee hom ores ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li qhov txo qis qis, muaj peev xwm ua kom rov qab kub qis dua, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cyanide. Raws li kev lag luam mining txuas ntxiv mus, kev siv zog tau ua los txhim kho cov txheej txheem percolation cyanidation, xws li los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub, kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis zoo, thiab kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ib puag ncig zoo los tswj cyanide. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb rau hauv lwm txoj kev rho tawm kub uas tuaj yeem kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm cyanidation tseem tsis tu ncua. Txawm hais tias cov kev cov nyom no, percolation cyanidation yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kub rau yav tom ntej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam uas muaj cov peev txheej kub qis.