Cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj raw khoom, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv teb xws li kub mine extraction, electroplating, thiab cov synthesis ntawm kws tshuaj intermediates. Nws Cov Txheej Txheem Ua tau dhau los ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, thiab tam sim no, ib qho kev lag luam uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem synthesis tau tsim. Kab lus no yuav systematically txheeb tawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Sodium Cyanide thiab lawv cov kev kawm txuj ci, thiab sib tham txog kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.

I. Evolution of Sodium Cyanide Production Processes

1. Cov Txheej Txheem Thaum Ntxov (Late 19th Century - Mid-20th Century)

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub, zus tau tej cov sodium cyanide feem ntau cia siab rau cov extraction los ntawm natural resources. Piv txwv li, "cyanidation txheej txheem rau kub rho tawm" invented nyob rau hauv 1887 muab rho tawm cyanides los ntawm kev ua cov nroj tsuag uas muaj cyanide (xws li iab almonds). Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, raug nqi, thiab nyuaj kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, German chemist Friedrich Kahlbaum tau tsim txoj kev cyanide yaj, uas tau npaj. Sodium cyanide los ntawm reacting calcium cyanide nrog sodium carbonate. Vim yog tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem no tau dhau los ua cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv cov hnub qub.

2. Txoj Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Txoj Kev Sib Txuas (Nrab Xyoo 20th mus rau tam sim no)

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam petrochemical, cov txheej txheem synthesis tau maj mam hloov cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua. Tam sim no, ntau dua 90% ntawm sodium cyanide thoob ntiaj teb yog tsim los ntawm peb cov txheej txheem synthesis hauv qab no:

• Cov txheej txheem Andrussow

Siv methane, ammonia, thiab oxygen ua raw khoom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst:

Lub generated hydrogen cyanide (HCN) roj yog absorbed los ntawm sodium hydroxide kom tau ib tug sodium cyanide tov. Cov txheej txheem no muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv qis qis thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev, tab sis qhov kub siab (1000 - 1200 ° C) thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ua rau cov nqi siab.

• Lub Teeb Roj Pyrolysis Txoj Kev

Siv cov roj teeb (xws li naphtha) ua cov khoom siv raw, HCN yog tsim los ntawm pyrolysis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (1400 - 1500 ° C), thiab cov kev kho mob tom ntej zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem Andrussow. Cov txheej txheem no tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj tab sis muaj kev siv zog siab heev thiab tsim cov pa roj carbon ntau ntau raws li cov khoom lag luam.

• Methanol Ammonia Oxidation Method

Siv methanol, ammonia, thiab huab cua ua cov khoom siv raw, HCN yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov catalyst (xws li V₂O₅-MoO₃):

Cov txheej txheem no muaj cov nqi raw khoom tsawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me (400 - 500 ° C), thiab nws tau maj mam dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom tshiab.

II. Technological Progress thiab Innovation Directions

1. Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Ntsuab

Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj teeb meem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab muaj kuab paug siab. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis hauv qab no:

• Txoj kev Biosynthesis

Siv cov kab mob microorganisms (xws li Pseudomonas) los catalyze hydrolysis ntawm nitrile compounds los tsim Cyanides, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau hauv chav kuaj.

• Electrochemical Synthesis

Recycling sodium cyanide los ntawm electrolyzing cyanide-muaj cov dej khib nyiab kom ua tiav cov peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis tam sim no kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ntxiv.

2. Kev txawj ntse tswj thiab kev nyab xeeb yees

Kev tsim cov sodium cyanide suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov chaw tsim khoom niaj hnub no feem ntau siv Distributed Control System (DCS) kom ua tiav qhov kev soj ntsuam tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab qhia txog kev tshawb xyuas hauv online spectral technology los saib xyuas HCN concentration hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau.

3. Cov qauv kev lag luam ncig

Txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis. Piv txwv li, cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm-tsim nyob rau hauv Andrussow txheej txheem yuav siv tau rau zus tau tej cov urea, thiab cov pa roj carbon dub ua nyob rau hauv lub Lub Teeb Roj Pyrolysis Txoj Kev tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas cov roj hmab, tsim lub voj voog kaw ntawm "peev txheej - khoom - pov tseg - cov khoom siv rov ua dua".

III. Cov kev sib tw thiab yav tom ntej Trends

1. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi raw khoom

Cov txheej txheem Andrussow thiab cov txheej txheem methanol tso siab rau cov pa roj (methane) thiab thee (raws li cov khoom siv raw rau methanol). Kev hloov pauv hauv cov nqi hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov nqi tsim khoom. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsis-fossil raw khoom (xws li biomass rau methanol) yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb kub rau yav tom ntej.

2. Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig siab

Nrog rau kev nruj ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thoob ntiaj teb, kev tsim cov sodium cyanide yuav tsum tau txo qis kev tso tawm ntawm nitrogen oxides (NOx) thiab cyanide-muaj cov dej khib nyiab. Membrane sib cais tshuab, catalytic oxidation denitrification, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tau sim nyob rau hauv ib co factories.

3. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv thov siab kawg

Qhov kev thov rau high-purity sodium cyanide (purity ≥ 99.9%) nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cathode cov ntaub ntawv precursors rau lithium-ion roj teeb yog loj hlob sai, txhawb lub upgrading ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm rau refinement thiab siab purity.

xaus

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm sodium cyanide yeej ib txwm hloov zuj zus nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm "kev nyab xeeb, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev nyab xeeb". Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev tawg ntawm lub zog tshiab thiab ib puag ncig tiv thaiv thev naus laus zis, nrog rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm digital manufacturing, kev lag luam sodium cyanide yuav ua kom zoo dua qub nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob qis dua, muaj kuab paug tsawg, thiab cov nqi ntxiv ntxiv.