Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw tshuaj sodium cyanide thiab potassium cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) thiab potassium cyanide (KCN) yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb uas muaj kev siv hauv kev lag luam loj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv uas ua rau lawv sib txawv hauv ntau yam. Cia peb tshawb nrhiav lawv qhov sib txawv kom meej meej thoob plaws ntau qhov.

Lub Cev Lub Cev

tsos

Feem ntau cov potassium cyanide zoo li cov pob dawb uas muaj cov duab kheej kheej, thaum cov sodium cyanide pom tau tias yog cov hmoov dawb uas muaj cov duab crystalline. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov potassium cyanide kuj muaj ntxhiab tsw qab me ntsis ntawm cov txiv almond, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhia tau tias nws tsis muaj zog heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom no hygroscopic heev thiab ua rau cov khoom no tsis yooj yim rau xeb, ua rau nws yuav tsum khaws cia thiab siv nrog kev ceev faj heev kom tiv thaiv kev nqus dej thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov thawv cia khoom.

Melting Point

Hais txog cov ntsiab lus yaj, potassium cyanide muaj qhov taw qhia yaj siab ntawm kwv yees li 634.5 ° C, thaum Sodium Cyanide yaj ntawm kwv yees li 563.7 ° C. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov txheej txheem thiab kev siv hauv kev lag luam uas kev tswj kub yog qhov tseem ceeb.

solubility

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm solubility, poov tshuaj cyanide yooj yim yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab glycerol, pab nws siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam aqueous-raws li txheej txheem. Sodium cyanide, conversely, qhia solubility nyob rau hauv kua ammonia thiab ethanol, ua rau nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv tej yam tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau cov kuab tshuaj.

ceev

Qhov ceev ntawm ob lub tshuaj no kuj sib txawv, nrog rau potassium cyanide muaj qhov ceev ntawm 1.52 g / cm³ thiab Sodium cyanide yog qhov ceev dua ntawm kwv yees li 1.60 g / cm³. Cov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tuav, kev thauj mus los, thiab cov txheej txheem sib tov hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam.

Tshuaj khoom

Reactivity nrog Lwm Yam

Thaum nws los txog rau kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg, potassium cyanide ua rau cov kua qaub ua rau muaj cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide lom heev, uas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom zoo kom tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg no. Sodium cyanide, thaum raug rau Carbon dioxide, nws yuav lwj qeeb qeeb, ib qho yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev khaws cia thiab kev ruaj khov dhau sijhawm. Potassium cyanide tso tawm cua sov thaum ua haujlwm nrog dej, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo yog tias tsis tswj hwm kom zoo. Sodium cyanide, thaum sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj oxidizing muaj zog, yuav ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tawg, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tuav pov hwm nruj.

daim ntawv sau npe

Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Cov kev siv ntawm potassium cyanide thiab sodium cyanide sib txawv heev. Potassium cyanide pom kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam electroplating, qhov twg nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau txheej. Nws kuj ua haujlwm ua ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev tsim cov organic, pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov organic sib xyaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, potassium cyanide koom nrog hauv kev npaj ntawm ferri cyanides , uas muaj kev siv hauv kev thaij duab thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg.

Sodium cyanide, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev rho tawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig xws li kub. Nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov complexes ruaj khov nrog kub ions ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb reagent hauv kub mining thiab refining hauj lwm. Nws kuj yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov nitriles, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub tsev thaiv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm ntau chemicals, plastics, thiab pharmaceuticals. Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium cyanide muaj cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, txawm hais tias nws siv tau tswj hwm zoo vim nws cov tshuaj lom heev.

Kev Txiav Txim Siab Kev Nyab Xeeb

Kev nqa thiab Cia

Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum cuam tshuam nrog ob qho tib si potassium cyanide thiab sodium cyanide vim lawv cov tshuaj lom heev. Potassium cyanide feem ntau yog ntim rau hauv lub nruas hlau kaw kom tiv thaiv kev xau thiab raug. Nws yuav tsum raug thauj mus rau hauv kev ua raws li cov cai tswj kev phom sij, thiab nws cov kev tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg nruj los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev raug mob. Thaum muaj kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog cov poov tshuaj cyanide, yuav tsum tau kho mob tam sim ntawd vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom sai sai. Kev noj ntau me me tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Sodium cyanide yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav kom tsis txhob ya raws thiab degradation. Thaum tuav, yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub thawv, vim tias cov dej xau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug sodium cyanide leak, muaj cov txheej txheem teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los ua raws li kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev nyab xeeb. Kev nqus tau ntawm sodium cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov kab mob ua pa, thiab nws tseem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau ib puag ncig yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo.

Hauv kev xaus, thaum poov tshuaj cyanide thiab sodium cyanide qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev, kev coj cwj pwm, kev siv, thiab kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo hauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Ob lub tebchaw xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj, ua tib zoo tuav, thiab kev tswj xyuas kom zoo los tiv thaiv kev raug xwm txheej, tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.