Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Sodium Cyanide thiab Sodium Chloride ntawm Leaching

1. Introduction

Hauv kev lag luam metallurgy, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev rho tawm cov hlau muaj nqis xws li kub thiab nyiaj, cov txheej txheem leaching cyanide tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yog siv dav vim nws tuaj yeem xaiv cov kub thiab nyiaj ntawm cov ores. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau lub cev ore, ntau yam tshuaj sib koom ua ke, thiab sodium chloride (NaCl) yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsev uas feem ntau nrog. Kev nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm (NaCN) thiab (NaCl) ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev rho tawm, txo cov nqi, thiab txo qis kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Tsab xov xwm no lub hom phiaj yog los tshawb nrhiav qhov teeb meem no.

2. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Sodium Cyanide hauv Leaching

2.1 Chemical Reaction Mechanism

Thaum lub sij hawm cyanide leaching txheej txheem, cyanide ions ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov soluble complexes nrog kub thiab nyiaj atoms. Oxygen kuj tseem ceeb heev vim nws ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, ua kom yooj yim rau oxidation ntawm kub thiab nyiaj thiab txhawb lawv cov kev sib cais hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Qhov kev cuam tshuam tshuaj lom neeg no ua rau kom tshem tawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ore.

2.2 Yam Uas Muaj Feem Xyuam Ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Sodium Cyanide hauv Leaching

• Kev Ntsuas Sodium Cyanide : Qhov kev ntsuas ntawm sodium cyanide cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm kev leaching. Hauv kev xav, qhov ntau ntawm Sodium Cyanide yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev yaj qee qhov ntau ntawm kub raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, qhov kev siv tiag tiag ntawm Sodium cyanide feem ntau siab dua li qhov ntau ntawm kev xav. Hauv cov txheej txheem zoo li Carbon - hauv - Pulp (CIP) thiab Carbon - hauv - Leach (CIL), qhov kev ntsuas sodium cyanide feem ntau yog tswj hwm hauv ib qho ntau yam. Rau cov ores nyuaj dua lossis cov uas muaj cov qib siab impurity, qhov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv raws li.

• Qib pH : Sodium cyanide hydrolyzes hauv cov kua, tsim cov hydrocyanic acid, uas yog cov pa roj lom heev. Qib hydrolysis nyob ntawm pH ntawm cov kua. Txhawm rau kom txo qis cyanide poob los ntawm hydrolysis thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov kua cyanide ruaj khov, pH feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv qee qhov alkaline ntau hauv cov nroj tsuag kub CIP. Qhov chaw pH no kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov concentration sodium cyanide zoo tshaj plaws rau kev leaching kub zoo.

• Kev Ntsuas Pa oxygen Uas Yaj : Cov pa oxygen yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev yaj kub thiab nyiaj hauv cov kua cyanide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xav tau ob qho tib si cyanide ions thiab oxygen. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj ntawm chav tsev kub thiab siab yog txwv. Yog tias qhov concentration ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov slurry qis dhau, nws tuaj yeem txwv qhov nrawm ntawm kev yaj ntawm kub thiab nyiaj. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov txheej txheem xws li txhaj cua rau hauv cov slurry lossis ntxiv hydrogen peroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov pa oxygen ntau ntxiv. Qhov piv ntawm oxygen rau cyanide yog qhov tseem ceeb; kev tsis sib npaug tuaj yeem ua rau qhov nrawm ntawm kev leaching txo qis.

3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Sodium Chloride ntawm cov txheej txheem Leaching

3.1 Qhov cuam tshuam rau Chemical Ib puag ncig

• Lub Zog Ionic thiab Cov Qauv Ua Haujlwm : Thaum sodium chloride nyob hauv cov kua leaching, nws ua rau lub zog ionic ntawm cov kua nce ntxiv. Raws li cov kev xav tseem ceeb, kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub zog ionic tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ua haujlwm ntawm cov ions hauv cov kua. Hauv lub kaw lus cyanide leaching, qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv cov qauv ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cuam tshuam nrog kev yaj ntawm kub thiab nyiaj. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cyanide ions muaj rau kev cuam tshuam nrog kub, yog li cuam tshuam rau qhov nrawm leaching.

• Kev Sib Tw Rau Cov Chaw Uas Muaj Teeb Meem : Cov Chloride ions tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov cyanide ions rau cov chaw uas muaj teeb meem ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov hlau. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, yog tias qhov concentration ntawm chloride ions siab txaus, lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau rau ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm kub lossis nyiaj, tiv thaiv cov cyanide ions kom tsis txhob nkag mus thiab yog li txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rho tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov muaj cov chloride ions kuj tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov hlau uas muaj cov zaub mov tooj liab, cov chloride ions tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog tooj liab, txo qhov kev siv cyanide los ntawm tooj liab thiab tej zaum yuav txhim kho qhov kev rho tawm ntawm kub thiab nyiaj.

3.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Leaching ntawm Associated Metals

• Cov Pob Zeb Muaj Tooj Liab : Hauv cov pob zeb uas muaj tooj liab ntau, cov zaub mov tooj liab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev nrog sodium cyanide, noj ntau heev ntawm cyanide. Qhov muaj sodium chloride tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov kev cuam tshuam no. Chloride ions tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog tooj liab, thiab cov complexes no yuav muaj kev ruaj khov sib txawv piv rau cov complexes tooj liab - cyanide. Yog tias kev tsim cov complexes tooj liab - chloride tau nyiam, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ntau ntawm cyanide siv los ntawm tooj liab, ua rau muaj ntau cyanide rau kev leaching ntawm kub thiab nyiaj.

• Lwm Cov Hlau : Sodium chloride kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov hlau uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlau, xws li zinc, lead, thiab hlau. Piv txwv li, chloride ions tuaj yeem ua rau qee cov zinc thiab lead compounds yaj tau zoo dua, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lawv tus cwj pwm thaum lub sijhawm leaching thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau cyanide leaching ntawm kub thiab nyiaj. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hlau, qhov muaj chloride ions tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau - uas muaj precipitates lossis complexes, uas yuav txhawb lossis txwv tsis pub cov txheej txheem leaching nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

4. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Sodium Cyanide thiab Sodium Chloride ntawm Leaching

4.1 Synergistic lossis Antagonistic teebmeem

• Cov Kev Cuam Tshuam Sib Koom Tes : Qee zaum, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm sodium cyanide thiab sodium chloride tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, lossis ua ke, rau cov txheej txheem leaching. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov hlau kub refractory, ntxiv cov sodium chloride kom tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov permeability ntawm cov qauv ore, tso cai rau cyanide ions nkag mus tau yooj yim dua thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom kub. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi leaching kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tau hais ua ntej, hauv cov hlau nrog cov zaub mov tooj liab, kev tsim cov tooj liab - chloride complexes los ntawm sodium chloride tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv cyanide los ntawm tooj liab, uas yog qhov zoo rau cyanide leaching ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, qhia txog kev cuam tshuam sib koom tes.

• Cov Teeb Meem Tsis Zoo : Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj qee qhov xwm txheej uas sodium cyanide thiab sodium chloride muaj cov teeb meem tsis zoo, lossis tsis zoo. Cov chloride ions ntau tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cyanide ions rau qhov chaw ntawm cov kub thiab nyiaj, nrog rau cuam tshuam kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide leaching, ua rau txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm leaching. Ntxiv mus, yog tias muaj sodium chloride ua rau muaj qee cov precipitates lossis complexes uas txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ore pieces, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cyanide ions los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau muaj nqis, txo qhov leaching rate.

4.2 Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem Leaching nyob rau hauv muaj ob qho tib si

• Kev Kho Kom Zoo ntawm Cov Tshuaj Reagent : Thaum ob qho tib si sodium cyanide thiab sodium chloride muaj nyob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom zoo tshaj plaws lawv cov concentration. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws txog cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hlau. Rau cov hlau uas muaj cov hlau ntau uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cyanide, xws li tooj liab, kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov sodium chloride concentration yuav raug txiav txim siab kom txo qis kev siv cyanide. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov tseeb leaching effect kom ntseeg tau tias cov leaching ntawm kub thiab nyiaj tau zoo.

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem : Ntxiv rau qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj reagent, lwm yam txheej txheem xws li pH, kub, thiab aeration kuj yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom zoo. Tus nqi pH yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj leaching, xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob qho tib si sodium cyanide thiab sodium chloride. Qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj kuj tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yaj kub hauv cov tshuaj cyanide, thaum muaj sodium chloride, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching yuav hloov pauv, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nrhiav qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tshawb fawb sim. Kev aeration txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov pa oxygen txaus rau cov tshuaj leaching, thiab qhov muaj sodium chloride yuav cuam tshuam rau kev yaj thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov tshuaj, uas yuav tsum tau xav txog.

5. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb

5.1 Case Study 1: Kub - Silver Ore with High Copper Content

Nyob rau hauv ib tug kub - nyiaj ore deposit nrog ib tug siab tooj liab ntsiab lus, tsoos cyanide leaching siv tsuas yog sodium cyanide ua rau ib tug tsawg kub leaching tus nqi vim tseem ceeb cyanide noj los ntawm tooj liab. Thaum cov sodium chloride tau ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem leaching ntawm qee qhov concentration thiab sodium cyanide concentration tau hloov kho, qhov kub leaching tus nqi nce. Kev tsom xam pom tau tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm sodium chloride coj mus rau qhov tsim ntawm tooj liab - chloride complexes, txo tus nqi ntawm cyanide noj los ntawm tooj liab thiab yog li ua kom muaj cov cyanide rau kub leaching.

5.2 Case Study 2: Refractory Gold Ore

Rau ib qho refractory kub ore, thawj zaug cyanide leaching yam tsis muaj sodium chloride ua tiav qhov qis kub leaching tus nqi. Tom qab ntxiv sodium chloride ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb concentration thiab optimizing lub cyanide concentration thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, cov kub leaching tus nqi nce. Microscopic soj ntsuam ntawm cov ore hais qhia tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm sodium chloride txhim kho permeability ntawm cov ore qauv, tso cai rau cyanide ions mus txog rau cov kub hais ntau zoo, yog li pab txhawb cov leaching efficiency.

6. Kev xav txog ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb

6.1 Toxicity ntawm Cyanide

Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev. Ib qho kev tso tawm ntawm cyanide - uas muaj cov kev daws teeb meem rau hauv ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov dej hauv dej, av zoo, thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum sodium chloride coexist nrog sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem leaching, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias kev tswj thiab kev kho mob ntawm cyanide - uas muaj cov khib nyiab tseem ua raws li nruj raws li kev cai ib puag ncig. Lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium chloride tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm ntawm cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem kho cov khib nyiab, xws li hauv cov txheej txheem siv los rhuav tshem cyanide zoo li alkaline chlorination lossis kev kho mob lom. Piv txwv li, qhov nce ionic zog los ntawm sodium chloride tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev kho mob no.

6.2 Kev nyab xeeb hauv kev tuav

Ob leeg sodium cyanide thiab sodium chloride yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Sodium cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev thiab yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nruj thaum khaws cia, thauj, thiab siv. Sodium chloride, txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij, tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo xws li xeb rau cov khoom siv thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo. Hauv kev ua haujlwm leaching qhov twg ob qho tib si siv, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau cob qhia los tswj cov tshuaj no kom nyab xeeb, thiab cov cuab yeej siv kev nyab xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

7. xaus

Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm sodium cyanide thiab sodium chloride hauv cov txheej txheem leaching muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev rho tawm ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Sodium chloride tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj leaching, cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau cuam tshuam, thiab muaj ob qho tib si sib xyaw thiab antagonistic cuam tshuam nrog sodium cyanide. Kev nkag siab txog cov teebmeem no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem leaching. Los ntawm kev kho cov reagent concentrations, tswj cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem, thiab txiav txim siab ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb yam, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tau zoo dua thiab ruaj khov extraction ntawm kub, nyiaj, thiab lwm yam hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev sim kev tshawb fawb tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tag nrho tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm ntawm qhov kev sib koom ua ke uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv ntau hom ore thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, aiming mus txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev lag luam metallurgical extraction technology.