Kev ua kom thiab passivation cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsev ntsev ntawm cov txheej txheem kub cyanidation

Introduction

Kub cyanidation yog txheej txheem siv dav hauv kev lag luam mining rau rho tawm kub los ntawm nws cov ore. Kev sib ntxiv ntawm qee yam tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Ntawm cov additives, Lead ntsev tau pom cov teebmeem nyuaj, ob qho tib si ua kom thiab deactivation, ntawm qhov Kub Cyanidation tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev nkag siab txog cov teebmeem no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo Kub Extraction cov txheej txheem, txo cov nqi, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.

Cov Txheej Txheem Kub Cyanidation Basics

Kub cyanidation, tseem hu ua MacArthur-Forrest txheej txheem, koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub nrog cyanide ions nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau kub yaj los ntawm cov ore matrix rau hauv cov tshuaj, tso cai rau nws rov qab los tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam impurities nyob rau hauv cov ore thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob yuav cuam tshuam sai npaum li cas thiab tag nrho kub dissolves.

Ua kom cov teebmeem ntawm Lead Salts

Mechanism ntawm Activation

Catalytic Lub luag haujlwm hauv Electrochemical Reactions

Lead ntsev tuaj yeem ua raws li catalysts hauv cov txheej txheem kub cyanidation. Hauv thaj av qis tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm (– 0.35 V vs. Ag / AgCl), ntxiv cov ntsev ntsev tau pom tias ua kom cov txheej txheem kub leaching hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) thwmsim qhia tias txhuas koom nrog cov tshuaj electrochemical tshwm sim ntawm kub nto. Nyob rau hauv cyanidation tej yam kev mob, kub cov ntaub ntawv alloys nrog txhuas. Cov alloys no tsim cov me me electrochemical hlwb ntawm qhov chaw kub, qhov twg oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ib txhij. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm kub - alloy txhawb kev tawg ntawm kub, thaum txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog oxygen lossis lwm yam oxidizing tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj. Qhov kev txiav txim electrochemical no ua rau nrawm nrawm ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj kub dissolution.

Inhibition ntawm impurity Reactions

Hauv ores uas muaj tooj liab thiab lwm yam impurities, lead ntsev ua lub luag haujlwm zoo. Copper minerals nyob rau hauv lub ore yuav haus cyanide thiab oxygen, sib tw nrog kub - cyanidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lead ntsev cuam tshuam nrog tooj liab ions los yog tooj liab - bearing minerals, tsim insoluble compounds uas tiv thaiv tooj liab minerals los ntawm dissolving. Qhov no txo ​​tus nqi ntawm cyanide noj los ntawm tooj liab, tawm ntau cyanide muaj rau cov kub - cyanidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab yog li ua rau cov kub leaching tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv high - tooj liab kub - bearing ores, ntxiv lead ntsev tau raug soj ntsuam kom txo cov tooj liab yaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj cyanide, tuav ib tug haum piv rau kub dissolution.

Kev sim ua pov thawj ntawm kev ua kom tiav

Ob chav kuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam tau lees paub qhov Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsigs lead ntsev. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ib tug kub - bearing ore nrog 0.25% galena, ntxiv lead ntsev ho txhim kho tus kub leaching tus nqi. Cov kev coj ua lag luam kuj txhawb nqa cov kev tshawb pom no. Hauv qee qhov kub mines, thaum ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ores, ntxiv cov nqi ntawm cov ntsev ntsev kom txo tau cov khoom noj. Sodium Cyanide los ntawm ntau dua 12 kg / t mus rau qis li 5 kg / t thiab nce tus nqi rov qab mus rau ntau dua 98%.

Deactivation Effects ntawm Lead Salts

Cov xwm txheej rau Deactivation

Muaj cov silicate thiab qee cov hmoov txhuas - Cov kabmob Minerals

Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm silicate thiab cov hlau lead tshwj xeeb - bearing minerals, ntxiv cov hlau lead tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb oxidation ntawm kub. Ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm - 0.35 V (vs. Ag / AgCl), tus nqi ntawm cov kub dissolves txo. Qhov laj thawj tseeb yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab saum npoo los yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua nrog cov kub saum npoo, uas thaiv cov cyanide ions thiab oxygen kom ncav cuag kub. Piv txwv li, qee cov hlau lead - bearing minerals hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov tshuaj cyanide los tsim cov tebchaw uas npog cov kub saum npoo, cuam tshuam qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cyanidation.

Siab - Sulfur Ores

Nyob rau hauv siab - sulfur ores, ntxiv cov hmoov lead yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tuaj yeem ua rau deactivation. Thaum cov sulfur ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ore yog siab, sulfide minerals yog oxidized rau elemental sulfur thaum lub sij hawm cyanidation txheej txheem. Cov ntsiab lus sulfur no tsim ib txheej ntawm cov kub saum npoo uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm reacting nrog cov cyanide - oxygen tov. Cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem txhawb kev oxidation ntawm sulfide minerals rau sulfur, ntxiv inhibiting kub cyanidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb poob rau hauv lub kub dissolution tus nqi.

Analytical pov thawj ntawm Deactivation

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tsom xam muab pov thawj ntawm cov teebmeem deactivation. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv los ntawm siab - leej faj ore cyanidation txheej txheem nrog cov hlau lead ntxiv, XPS spectra qhia pom muaj leej faj - muaj cov tshuaj nyob rau saum npoo kub, qhia txog kev tsim cov sulfur txheej passivating. Electrochemical kev ntsuam xyuas kuj paub meej tias tus nqi ntawm kub oxidation txo nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm silicate thiab lead - bearing minerals.

Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Deactivation

Concentration ntawm Lead Salts

Tus nqi ntawm cov ntsev ntsev ntxiv rau hauv cyanidation system yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, txhuas ntsev feem ntau muaj cov nyhuv ua kom muaj zog, txhawb kev sib cais kub. Tab sis yog tias qhov concentration siab dhau lawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau uas ua rau deactivation. Piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj ntawm cov hlau lead ions tuaj yeem ua rau nag lossis daus ntawm cov hlau lead - cyanide complexes uas coated kub saum npoo thiab nres cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cyanidation.

Ore Composition

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ore, nrog rau cov hom thiab cov nyiaj ntawm sulfide minerals, silicates, thiab lwm yam impurities, txiav txim seb cov hmoov lead ntsev ua activators los yog deactivators. Ores nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm qee cov zaub mov sulfide, zoo li pyrite nyob rau hauv siab - sulfur ores, feem ntau yuav muaj kev tsis ua haujlwm thaum cov hlau lead ntxiv. Conversely, ores nrog ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm tooj liab minerals yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ua kom cov hmoov lead ntsev.

Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li qhov kub thiab txias, pH, thiab qhov concentration ntawm oxygen thiab cyanide hauv cov tshuaj kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom thiab deactivation los ntawm cov ntsev ntsev. Qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj kev phom sij cuam tshuam txog cov hlau lead. Cov pH ntawm cov tshuaj cuam tshuam li cas cov hlau lead thiab lwm yam hlau ions muaj nyob, cuam tshuam lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog kub thiab lwm yam minerals. Kev tsim cov pa oxygen txaus yog tsim nyog rau cov kub - cyanidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau ib txwm, thiab cov ntsev lead tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog oxygen hauv ntau txoj hauv kev nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej, xws li kev txhim kho lossis inhibiting cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

xaus

Lead ntsev muaj ob qho tib si ua kom thiab deactivation los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub cyanidation. Cov teebmeem ua kom muaj zog, xws li catalyzing electrochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txo cov impurity cuam tshuam, tuaj yeem txhim kho kub extraction efficiency. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, xws li nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm silicate, tshwj xeeb lead - bearing minerals, los yog siab - sulfur ores, lead ntsev yuav ua rau deactivation los ntawm slowing kub oxidation los yog tsim thaiv txheej ntawm kub nto. Nkag siab txog yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov teebmeem no, suav nrog cov ntsev ntsev ntsev, cov ntsiab lus ore, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov ntsev ntsev ua tiav hauv kub cyanidation. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tswj cov xwm txheej no, kev lag luam mining tuaj yeem ua kom zoo tshaj qhov kev rho tawm kub, txo cov reagent noj, nce nyiaj tau los, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev tsim cov qauv kom raug ntau dua los kwv yees kev coj tus cwj pwm ntsev hauv cov ore sib txawv - ua cov xwm txheej thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm deactivation.