Cyanidation Kub Extraction: Ib qho kev sib sib zog nqus rau hauv cov txheej txheem Cyanidation

Hauv thaj av ntawm kev rho tawm kub, cyanidation tau tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb rau ntau dua ib puas xyoo. Txij li thaum nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1887 rau kev rho tawm ntawm kub thiab nyiaj ores, txoj kev no tau hloov zuj zus mus, tshuav ib qho ntawm cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws vim nws qhov kev rov zoo siab, hloov mus rau ntau hom ore, thiab muaj peev xwm tsim tau hauv zos.

1. Nkag siab Cyanidation hauv Kub Extraction

Cyanidation yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm cyanide ions tsim cov soluble complexes nrog kub. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen thiab dej, cyanide ions react nrog kub atoms. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj soluble uas kub tau sib koom nrog cyanide ions, tso cai rau cov kub yaj hauv cov tshuaj. Thaum cov txheej txheem no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev rho tawm kub, nws kuj ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb vim tias cyanide yog cov tshuaj lom.

2. Hom Cyanidation Methods

Cyanidation txoj kev tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: agitation cyanidation thiab percolation cyanidation.

• Kev ntxhov siab Cyanidation: Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv los kho flotation kub concentrates los yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho - slime cyanidation scenarios. Nws koom nrog kev sib xyaw cov ore pulp nrog cov tshuaj cyanide. Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, nws ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov kub-cov kabmob hauv cov ore tuaj rau hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws nrog cov cyanide ions, ua kom yooj yim rau kev rho tawm ntawm kub.

• Percolation Cyanidation: Haum rau qib qis kub ores, percolation cyanidation ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tso cai rau cov tshuaj cyanide los ntawm lub txaj ntawm ore. Txoj kev no siv lub zog tsawg dua piv rau agitation cyanidation. Txawm li cas los xij, nws daim ntawv thov yog txwv rau cov ores uas muaj permeability zoo, ua kom cov tshuaj cyanide ntws los ntawm yooj yim.

3. Agitation Cyanidation Kub Extraction txheej txheem

Kev ntxhov siab Cyanidation kub Extraction Cov txheej txheem suav nrog ob lub ntsiab sub-processes: cov txheej txheem cyanidation - zinc hloov thiab cov cyanidation tsis lim. carbon cov txheej txheem slurry.

3.1 Cyanidation - Zinc Replacement Process (CCD thiab CCF Methods)

• Leaching Raw Khoom Npaj: Thawj kauj ruam yuav tau txais cov ore npaj rau txheej txheem leaching. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog crushing cov ore rau hauv me me thiab tom qab ntawd sib tsoo kom zoo sib xws. Qee zaum, kev kho mob ua ntej kuj tseem ua rau cov khoom kub hauv cov ore tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua. Lub hom phiaj yog los tsim ib lub pulp nrog qhov loj me me, uas txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam zoo ntawm cov ore thiab cov tshuaj cyanide.

• Agitation Cyanidation Leaching: Cov ntaub ntawv ore npaj tau muab xa mus rau hauv lub tank agitation, qhov twg muaj cov tshuaj cyanide ntxiv. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tau nruab nrog cov agitators uas ua kom cov tawv nqaij thiab cov tshuaj cyanide zoo sib xyaw. Oxygen yog nkag mus rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam, xws li los ntawm aeration los yog los ntawm kev ntxiv oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev. Cov pa oxygen no pab tsav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yaj cov kub hauv cov tshuaj cyanide.

• Countercurrent Washing for Solid - Liquid Separation: Tom qab cov txheej txheem leaching, cov slurry tshwm sim muaj cov khoom seem thiab cov theem ua kua hu ua cov tshuaj cev xeeb tub, uas muaj cov kub yaj. Txhawm rau cais ob yam khoom no, cov khoom siv thickeners lossis cov ntxaij lim dej yog siv hauv kev teeb tsa kev ntxhua khaub ncaws. Cov txheej txheem xws li Continuous Counter - Tam sim no Decantation (CCD) los yog Continuous Counter - Tam sim no Filtration (CCF) yog ua hauj lwm kom rov qab tau cov kub ntau npaum li cas - kev daws teeb meem raws li qhov ua tau thaum txo cov nyiaj kub poob nrog cov khoom seem.

• Purification ntawm Leaching Liquid thiab Deoxidation: Cov tshuaj cev xeeb tub tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv - cov kauj ruam sib cais ua kua yuav muaj cov impurities thiab yaj oxygen. Cov txheej txheem purification yog siv los tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab lwm yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem kub rov qab. Deoxidation yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug vim tias cov pa tuaj yeem ua rau rov oxidation ntawm kub - cyanide compound, txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm zinc hloov cov txheej txheem tom qab.

• Zinc Powder (Silk) Hloov thiab Pickling: Zinc hmoov los yog zinc txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog ntxiv rau purified thiab de - oxidized cev xeeb tub cov tshuaj. Zinc yog ntau reactive tshaj kub, yog li nws displaces kub los ntawm lub compound tsim thaum lub sij hawm leaching txheej txheem. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov khoom precipitate uas muaj kub thiab zinc, feem ntau hu ua av nkos. Tom qab hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov av nkos kub feem ntau yog kho nrog cov kua qaub kom tshem tawm cov zinc thiab lwm yam impurities.

• Smelting Ingots: Qhov kawg theem ntawm cyanidation - zinc hloov txheej txheem yog smelt lub kub av nkos los tsim cov ntshiab kub ingots. Cov av nkos kub yog yaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov cub, thiab dhau los ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub, cov impurities ntxiv raug tshem tawm, yielding siab - purity kub ingots.

3.2 Unfiltered Cyanidation Carbon Slurry Process (CIP thiab CIL Methods)

• Leaching Material Preparation: Zoo ib yam li cyanidation - zinc hloov txheej txheem, thawj txoj haujlwm yog npaj cov ore rau leaching. Qhov no yuav tsum tau txo cov ore mus rau qhov loj me me los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib tsoo.

• Agitation Leaching thiab Countercurrent Carbon AdsorptionHauv txoj kev Carbon - hauv - Pulp (CIP), cov txheej txheem leaching cyanide tshwm sim ua ntej hauv cov thoob dej sib xyaw. Thaum cov kub tau yaj rau hauv cov tshuaj, Kev ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntxiv rau hauv cov pulp. Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov kub - cyanide compound thiab nqus cov kub yaj rau ntawm nws qhov chaw. Hauv txoj kev Carbon - hauv - Leach (CIL), cov pa roj carbon activated raug ntxiv rau hauv lub tank leaching tib lub sijhawm nrog cov kua cyanide, yog li cov txheej txheem leaching thiab adsorption tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm. Hauv ob qho tib si CIP thiab CIL, cov dej ntws rov qab ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab pulp raug tswj kom ua kom muaj ntau qhov kub uas cov pa roj carbon adsorbed.

• Kub - Loaded Carbon Desorption: Tom qab cov txheej txheem adsorption, cov kub-loaded carbon yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm lub pulp. Tom qab ntawd, cov kub raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov pa roj carbon uas siv cov tshuaj kub kub-cyanide tov. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no rhuav tshem kev sib txuas ntawm cov kub - cyanide compound thiab carbon, tso cov kub rov qab rau hauv cov tshuaj.

• Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Electrolysis: Kub - nplua nuj kua tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem desorption undergoes electrowinning. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no ua rau cov kub ions hauv cov tshuaj txo qis thiab tso rau hauv cathode, tsim cov khoom tso nyiaj ntawm kub uas tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntxiv.

• Smelting Ingots: Cov kub tau los ntawm electrowinning yog cov ntshiab tab sis kuj tseem muaj qee qhov impurities. Smelting yog ua los ntxiv purify cov kub thiab cam khwb cia rau hauv ingots ntawm qhov xav tau purity.

• Carbon Regeneration: Cov siv carbon, tom qab kub tau desorbed, tuaj yeem rov tsim dua thiab rov siv dua. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov pa roj carbon ntau rau kev kho kub kub kom tshem tawm cov adsorbed impurities thiab rov qab nws lub peev xwm los adsorb kub.

4. Sib piv cov txheej txheem CIP thiab CIL

• Txheej txheem Duration: Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem CIP yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua tag nrho piv rau CIL. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv CIP, leaching thiab adsorption yog cais ua hauj lwm. Hauv CIL, txij li thaum leaching thiab adsorption tshwm sim ib txhij, tag nrho cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm luv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem CIL xav tau kev tswj xyuas ntau dua vim tias ob qho xwm txheej tshwm sim ib txhij.

• Carbon thiab Slurry Management: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem CIL, muaj cov ntim loj ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab cov concentration ntawm carbon hauv slurry yog qis dua hauv CIP. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov ntim ntawm slurry uas yuav tsum tau thauj mus rau carbon hloov hauv CIL feem ntau yog ob peb zaug ntawm CIP (ib ncig plaub zaug). Qhov no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev siv zog.

• Hlau Backlog thiab qib kub hauv kev daws teeb meem: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem CIP, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm cov hlau uas tseem nyob rau hauv lub system (hlau backlog), thiab cov hlau no yog sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov activated carbon thiab cov tshuaj. Hauv CIL, feem ntau ntawm cov hlau yog adsorbed rau ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov concentration ntawm kub hauv kev daws teeb meem hauv CIL txheej txheem yog siab dua hauv CIP. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv CIL, raws li cov kub yog leached, nws kuj tseem yog tsis tu ncua adsorbed, uas replenishes cov yaj yaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv CIP, ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog ib qho - kauj ruam adsorption txheej txheem nrog txwv ntxiv ntawm yaj kub.

5. Kev xav txog ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb

Txawm hais tias nws cov kev ua tau zoo, cyanidation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog agitation cyanidation, nthuav tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev, thiab txhua qhov dej xau lossis kev tuav tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig hnyav thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txhawm rau daws cov kev pheej hmoo no, kev ua haujlwm kub mining ua raws cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb nruj. Cov no suav nrog kev khaws cia thiab tuav cov cyanide kom zoo, kev teeb tsa lub kaw lus kom tiv thaiv kev xau, thiab kev kho cov cyanide - muaj cov dej khib nyiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua yog tsim los tsim lwm txoj hauv kev, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsawg dua los hloov cov cyanide hauv kev rho tawm kub.

6. xaus

Agitation cyanidation plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam kub niaj hnub no, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub los ntawm ntau hom ore. Ob lub ntsiab sub - txheej txheem, cyanidation - zinc hloov thiab unfiltered cyanidation carbon slurry, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej zoo thiab raug xaiv raws li tej yam xws li ore zog, scale ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv daws cov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cyanide kom ntseeg tau tias lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev rho tawm kub.