Cyanidation Kub Extraction: Ib qho kev sib sib zog nqus rau hauv cov txheej txheem Cyanidation

Hauv thaj av ntawm kev rho tawm kub, cyanidation tau tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb rau ntau dua ib puas xyoo. Txij li thaum nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1887 rau kev rho tawm ntawm kub thiab nyiaj ores, txoj kev no tau hloov zuj zus mus, tshuav ib qho ntawm cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws vim nws qhov kev rov zoo siab, hloov mus rau ntau hom ore, thiab muaj peev xwm tsim tau hauv zos.

1. Nkag siab Cyanidation hauv Kub Extraction

Cyanidation yog ib qho txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg uas siv lub peev xwm ntawm cyanide ions los tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke nrog kub. Thaum muaj oxygen thiab dej, cyanide ions ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw nrog cov kub atoms. Qhov kev sib xyaw no ua rau muaj kev tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas kub sib txuas nrog cyanide ions, ua rau kub yaj hauv cov tshuaj. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem no zoo heev rau kev rho tawm kub, nws kuj coj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb vim tias cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom.

2. Hom Cyanidation Methods

Cyanidation txoj kev tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: agitation cyanidation thiab percolation cyanidation.

• Kev Kub Ntxhov : Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho cov kub uas sib xyaw ua ke los yog hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej cyanidation slime. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tov cov hlau nrog cov kua cyanide. Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, nws ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom kub uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlau kov tau ntau tshaj plaws nrog cov cyanide ions, pab txhawb kev rho tawm kub.

• Kev Siv Cyanidation Los Ntawm Percolation : Haum rau cov pob zeb kub qib qis, kev siv cyanidation los ntawm percolation ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cia cov kua cyanide ntws los ntawm lub txaj ntawm cov pob zeb. Txoj kev no siv zog tsawg dua piv rau kev sib xyaw cyanidation. Txawm li cas los xij, nws daim ntawv thov tsuas yog txwv rau cov pob zeb uas muaj permeability zoo, ua rau cov kua cyanide ntws tau yooj yim.

3. Agitation Cyanidation Kub Extraction txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem rho tawm kub cyanidation muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: cov txheej txheem hloov cyanidation - zinc thiab cov txheej txheem tsis lim cyanidation Carbon slurry.

3.1 Cyanidation - Zinc Replacement Process (CCD thiab CCF Methods)

• Kev Npaj Cov Khoom Siv Raw Leaching : Kauj ruam pib yog npaj cov ore rau cov txheej txheem leaching. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog kev tsoo cov ore ua tej daim me me thiab tom qab ntawd sib tsoo nws kom zoo. Qee zaum, kev kho ua ntej kuj tseem ua kom cov khoom kub hauv cov ore nkag tau yooj yim dua. Lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov pulp nrog qhov loj me zoo tshaj plaws, uas txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam zoo dua ntawm cov ore thiab cov kua cyanide.

• Kev Sib Xyaws Cyanidation Leaching : Cov hmoov hlau uas tau npaj lawm ces raug xa mus rau cov thoob khib nyiab sib xyaw, qhov twg ntxiv cov kua cyanide. Cov thoob khib nyiab no muaj cov khoom sib xyaw uas ua rau cov hmoov hlau thiab cov kua cyanide sib xyaw zoo. Cov pa oxygen raug coj mus rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab, los ntawm kev ua kom cua nkag lossis los ntawm kev ntxiv cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing. Cov pa oxygen no pab tsav cov tshuaj lom neeg uas yaj cov kub hauv cov kua cyanide.

• Kev Ntxuav Tam Sim No Rau Kev Sib Cais Khoom Khob - Kua : Tom qab cov txheej txheem leaching, cov slurry uas tshwm sim muaj cov khoom seem khov thiab cov kua dej hu ua cov kua cev xeeb tub, uas muaj kub yaj. Txhawm rau cais ob qho khoom no, ntau cov khoom ua kom tuab lossis cov lim dej siv rau hauv kev teeb tsa ntxuav tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem zoo li Continuous Counter - Current Decantation (CCD) lossis Continuous Counter - Current Filtration (CCF) siv los rov qab tau ntau npaum li ntau tau ntawm cov kua kub uas muaj thaum txo qhov kub poob nrog cov khoom seem khov.

• Kev Ntxuav Cov Kua Uas Tawm Thiab Kev Tshem Tawm Cov Pa : Cov kua uas tau los ntawm cov kauj ruam sib cais cov khoom khov thiab cov kua yuav muaj cov pa phem thiab cov pa oxygen uas yaj. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav tau siv los tshem tawm cov khoom khov uas raug tshem tawm thiab lwm yam pa phem uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem rov qab kub tom qab. Kev tshem tawm cov pa phem kuj tseem ceeb vim tias cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem ua rau cov kub - cyanide rov qab oxidation, txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov zinc tom qab.

• Kev Hloov Hmoov Zinc (Silk) thiab Kev Sib Xyaws : Hmoov zinc lossis zinc silk raug ntxiv rau hauv cov kua uas tau ntxuav thiab de-oxidized. Zinc muaj zog dua li kub, yog li nws tshem tawm kub ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm leaching. Qhov no ua rau muaj cov khoom khov uas muaj kub thiab zinc, feem ntau hu ua av kub. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, av kub feem ntau raug kho nrog cov kua qaub kom tshem tawm cov zinc ntau dhau thiab lwm yam tsis huv.

• Kev Smelting Ingots : Theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanidation - zinc hloov yog smelting cov av nkos kub kom tsim tau cov ingots kub ntshiab. Cov av nkos kub raug yaj ntawm qhov kub siab hauv lub cub tawg, thiab los ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam refining, cov impurities seem raug tshem tawm, ua rau cov ingots kub ntshiab.

3.2 Unfiltered Cyanidation Carbon Slurry Process (CIP thiab CIL Methods)

• Kev Npaj Khoom Siv Leaching : Zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem hloov cyanidation - zinc, thawj txoj haujlwm yog npaj cov ore rau leaching. Qhov no yuav tsum tau txo cov ore kom me me los ntawm kev tsoo thiab sib tsoo.

• Kev Tawm Tsam thiab Kev Nqus Cov Pa roj carbon uas Tawm Tsam : Hauv txoj kev Carbon - hauv - Pulp (CIP), cov txheej txheem kev tawm tsam cyanide tshwm sim ua ntej hauv ntau lub thoob khib nyiab. Thaum cov kub tau yaj rau hauv cov kua, Activated Carbon raug ntxiv rau hauv lub pulp. Activated carbon muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov kub - cyanide compound thiab nqus cov kub yaj rau ntawm nws qhov chaw. Hauv txoj kev Carbon - hauv - Leach (CIL), cov pa roj carbon uas tawm tsam raug ntxiv rau hauv lub tank leaching tib lub sijhawm nrog cov kua cyanide, yog li cov txheej txheem leaching thiab adsorption tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm. Hauv ob qho tib si CIP thiab CIL, cov dej ntws tawm tsam ntawm carbon thiab pulp raug tswj kom ua kom muaj ntau qhov kub uas cov pa roj carbon adsorbed.

• Kev Tshem Tawm Cov Pa roj Carbon Uas Muaj Kub : Tom qab cov txheej txheem nqus, cov pa roj carbon uas muaj kub yuav tsum tau cais tawm ntawm cov pulp. Tom qab ntawd, cov kub raug tshem tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon siv cov kua caustic-cyanide kub. Cov kua no rhuav tshem qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw kub-cyanide thiab cov pa roj carbon, thiab tso cov kub rov qab rau hauv cov kua.

• Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Los Ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Los Ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Cov kua kub uas muaj ntau los ntawm cov txheej txheem desorption yuav raug siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev ...

• Kev Smelting Ingots : Cov kub tau los ntawm kev electrowinning yog qhov huv heev tab sis tej zaum tseem muaj qee yam tsis huv. Kev smelting yog ua los ntxuav cov kub ntxiv thiab pov rau hauv cov ingots ntawm qhov huv uas xav tau.

• Kev Rov Tsim Cov Pa roj Carbon : Cov pa roj carbon uas siv tas lawm, tom qab kub tau raug tshem tawm lawm, tuaj yeem rov tsim dua thiab siv dua. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov pa roj carbon rau kev kho kub siab kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv uas raug nqus thiab rov qab muaj peev xwm nqus kub.

4. Sib piv cov txheej txheem CIP thiab CIL

• Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm : Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem CIP siv sijhawm ntev dua piv rau CIL. Qhov no yog vim tias hauv CIP, kev leaching thiab adsorption yog cov haujlwm sib cais. Hauv CIL, txij li thaum leaching thiab adsorption tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm luv dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem CIL xav tau kev tswj hwm nyuaj dua vim tias ob qho txheej txheem tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm.

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Carbon thiab Slurry : Hauv cov txheej txheem CIL, muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua hauv kev ncig, thiab qhov concentration ntawm carbon hauv cov slurry qis dua li hauv CIP. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntim ntawm slurry uas yuav tsum tau thauj mus rau kev hloov pauv carbon hauv CIL feem ntau yog ntau zaus ntawm CIP (kwv yees li plaub zaug). Qhov no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.

• Cov Hlau Backlog thiab Qib Kub hauv Cov Tshuaj : Hauv cov txheej txheem CIP, muaj ntau cov hlau uas tseem nyob hauv lub cev (hlau backlog), thiab cov hlau no tau faib sib npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated thiab cov tshuaj. Hauv CIL, feem ntau ntawm cov hlau raug adsorbed rau ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov concentration ntawm kub hauv cov tshuaj hauv cov txheej txheem CIL siab dua li hauv CIP. Qhov no yog vim hauv CIL, thaum cov kub raug leached, nws kuj raug adsorbed tas li, uas rov ua kom cov kub yaj hauv cov tshuaj. Hauv CIP, ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog ib kauj ruam adsorption nrog kev rov ua kom tsawg ntawm cov kub yaj.

5. Kev xav txog ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb

Txawm hais tias nws cov kev ua tau zoo, cyanidation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog agitation cyanidation, nthuav tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev, thiab txhua qhov dej xau lossis kev tuav tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig hnyav thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txhawm rau daws cov kev pheej hmoo no, kev ua haujlwm kub mining ua raws cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb nruj. Cov no suav nrog kev khaws cia thiab tuav cov cyanide kom zoo, kev teeb tsa lub kaw lus kom tiv thaiv kev xau, thiab kev kho cov cyanide - muaj cov dej khib nyiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua yog tsim los tsim lwm txoj hauv kev, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsawg dua los hloov cov cyanide hauv kev rho tawm kub.

6. xaus

Agitation cyanidation plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam kub niaj hnub no, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub los ntawm ntau hom ore. Ob lub ntsiab sub - txheej txheem, cyanidation - zinc hloov thiab unfiltered cyanidation carbon slurry, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej zoo thiab raug xaiv raws li tej yam xws li ore zog, scale ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv daws cov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cyanide kom ntseeg tau tias lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev rho tawm kub.