Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw tshuaj sodium cyanide thiab potassium cyanide

sodium cyanide (NaCN) thiab poov tshuaj cyanide (KCN) yog ob qho tib si tseem ceeb inorganic chemical raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv uas ua rau lawv sib txawv hauv ntau yam. Cia peb tshawb nrhiav lawv qhov sib txawv hauv kev nthuav dav thoob plaws ntau qhov ntev.

Lub Cev Lub Cev

tsos

Potassium cyanide feem ntau nthuav tawm raws li dawb kheej kheej tawv tawv, thaum sodium cyanide yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb crystalline granules los yog hmoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, potassium cyanide emits iab iab iab iab tsw, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov maj mam tseem tseem ceeb txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv. Sodium cyanide, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog hygroscopic heev thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom corrosive, ua rau nws tsim nyog los khaws thiab ua haujlwm nrog kev ceev faj heev los tiv thaiv kev nqus dej thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau cov thawv ntim khoom.

Melting Point

Hais txog cov ntsiab lus melting, potassium cyanide muaj cov ntsiab lus siab melting ntawm kwv yees li 634.5 ° C, thaum Sodium Cyanide melts ntawm ib ncig ntawm 563.7 ° C. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus melting no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv hauv kev lag luam qhov chaw uas tswj qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb.

solubility

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm solubility, poov tshuaj cyanide yooj yim yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab glycerol, pab nws siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam aqueous-raws li txheej txheem. Sodium cyanide, conversely, qhia solubility nyob rau hauv kua ammonia thiab ethanol, ua rau nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv tej yam tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau cov kuab tshuaj.

ceev

Qhov ntom ntawm ob lub tebchaw kuj sib txawv, nrog rau cov poov tshuaj cyanide muaj qhov ntom ntawm 1.52 g / cm³ thiab Sodium cyanide denser ntawm kwv yees li 1.60 g / cm³. Cov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tuav, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.

Tshuaj khoom

Reactivity nrog Lwm Yam

Thaum nws los txog rau kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg, potassium cyanide reacts nrog cov kua qaub los tsim cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide lom heev, qhov kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom zoo kom tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg no. Sodium cyanide, thaum raug rau carbon dioxide, maj mam lwj, ib yam uas cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev khaws cia thiab kev ruaj khov dhau sijhawm. Potassium cyanide tso tawm cua sov thaum nws cuam tshuam nrog dej, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo yog tias tsis tswj hwm kom zoo. Sodium cyanide, thaum sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj oxidizing muaj zog, yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tawg, uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tuav pov hwm nruj.

daim ntawv sau npe

Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Kev siv ntawm potassium cyanide thiab sodium cyanide diverge ho. Potassium cyanide pom kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam electroplating, uas nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov hlau txheej. Nws kuj tseem ua haujlwm nruab nrab hauv cov organic synthesis, pab txhawb rau kev tsim tawm ntawm ntau yam organic tebchaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, potassium cyanide koom nrog hauv kev npaj ferricyanides, uas muaj cov ntawv thov hauv kev yees duab thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tshuaj.

Sodium cyanide, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev rho tawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig xws li kub. Nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov complexes ruaj khov nrog kub ions ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb reagent hauv kub mining thiab refining hauj lwm. Nws kuj yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov nitriles, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub tsev thaiv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm ntau chemicals, plastics, thiab pharmaceuticals. Tsis tas li ntawd, sodium cyanide muaj cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, txawm hais tias nws siv tau tswj hwm zoo vim nws cov tshuaj lom heev.

Kev Txiav Txim Siab Kev Nyab Xeeb

Kev nqa thiab Cia

Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum cuam tshuam nrog ob qho tib si potassium cyanide thiab sodium cyanide vim lawv cov tshuaj lom heev. Potassium cyanide feem ntau yog ntim rau hauv lub nruas hlau kaw kom tiv thaiv kev xau thiab raug. Nws yuav tsum raug thauj mus rau hauv kev ua raws li cov cai tswj kev phom sij, thiab nws cov kev tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg nruj los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev raug mob. Thaum muaj kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog cov poov tshuaj cyanide, yuav tsum tau kho mob tam sim ntawd vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom sai sai. Kev noj ntau me me tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Sodium cyanide yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav kom tsis txhob ya raws thiab degradation. Thaum tuav, yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub thawv, vim tias cov dej xau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug sodium cyanide leak, muaj cov txheej txheem teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los ua raws li kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev nyab xeeb. Kev nqus tau ntawm sodium cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov kab mob ua pa, thiab nws tseem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau ib puag ncig yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo.

Hauv kev xaus, thaum poov tshuaj cyanide thiab sodium cyanide qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev, kev coj cwj pwm, kev siv, thiab kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo hauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Ob lub tebchaw xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj, ua tib zoo tuav, thiab kev tswj xyuas kom zoo los tiv thaiv kev raug xwm txheej, tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.