Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Cyanides / Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Cyanides, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Sodium Cyanide, yog cov tshuaj lom neeg heev. Kev tuav tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv hnyav, ib puag ncig muaj kuab lom, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab tob thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thaum soj ntsuam cov tshuaj no.

Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej (PPE)

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv lub tshuab ua pa rau tus kheej (SCBA) uas muaj lub ntsej muag puv ntsej muag. Muab qhov ntawd Cyanides tuaj yeem nqus tau rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm plua plav, pa taws, lossis roj, qhov kev ntsuas no tseem ceeb heev. Lub SCBA yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub siab-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) lim kom tsis txhob muaj cyanide - uas muaj cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws.

Cov Khaub Ncaws Tiv Thaiv

Hnav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-tiv taus ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li Tyvek lossis neoprene. Cov khaub ncaws yuav tsum npog tag nrho lub cev, nrog rau tes, taw, thiab taub hau. Nws raug nquahu kom hnav cov hnab looj tes tsis muaj dej uas ua los ntawm butyl roj hmab los tiv thaiv tes. Kev nyab xeeb khau looj plab hlaub nrog cov ntiv taw thiab tshuaj lom neeg - cov khau tiv thaiv kuj tseem ceeb heev kom tiv thaiv cov taw kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag nrog cyanides.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Qhov Muag

Ntxiv rau SCBA lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, tshuaj lom neeg - txaws tsom iav yuav tsum tau nruab. Cov tsom iav no tuaj yeem muab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntxiv los thaiv cov tshuaj cyanide los ntawm txaws rau hauv lub qhov muag.

Kev Siv Ceeb Toom

cia

Cyanides yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab qhov cua zoo, kom deb ntawm qhov chaw sov, cov kua qaub, thiab cov tshuaj oxidizing. Cyanides hnov ​​​​mob hnyav nrog cov kua qaub los tsim cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide heev. Cov cia Cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum tau muab kaw kom nruj thiab sau meej meej nrog cov npe tshuaj, ceeb toom txog kev phom sij, thiab cov lus qhia tuav.

Hloov thiab siv

Thaum hloov cov cyanide los ntawm ib lub thawv mus rau lwm qhov, siv cov funnels tshwj xeeb thiab hloov cov khoom siv sib xws nrog cyanides. Direct pouring los ntawm tes yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub. Hauv chav kuaj lossis chaw tsim khoom, txhua qhov haujlwm uas muaj cyanide yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub fume hood los tiv thaiv cov pa phem los ntawm kev kis mus rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm.

Siv cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas los yog cov cuab yeej ntim ntsuas kom raug ntsuas cyanide. Tsis txhob dhau - ntsuas lossis xau, vim tias txawm tias me me ntawm cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj.

Txoj Kev Npaj Kho Mob Kub Ceev

Kev kawm

Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ntsib nrog cyanide yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia thaum muaj xwm ceev cov txheej txheem teb. Cov ntsiab lus kev cob qhia suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm cyanide lom (xws li mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, ua pa nrawm, tsis nco qab, thiab lwm yam) thiab paub txog kev siv cov kev ntsuas thawj zaug.

Cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev

Lub chaw ntxuav qhov muag thaum muaj xwm ceev thiab da dej nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog qhov muag sib cuag nrog cyanide, tam sim ntawd yaug nrog dej ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb cyanide xws li hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrite, thiab sodium thiosulfate yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau siv raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws kho mob.

Cov kev khiav tawm kom meej thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug loj-scale cyanide xau los yog tso tawm, cov neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas khiav tawm ntawm cheeb tsam sai sai thiab nyab xeeb.

Kev pov tseg ntawm Cyanides

Tshuaj kho mob

Ib txoj hauv kev los kho cyanide - muaj cov khib nyiab yog tshuaj oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) tuaj yeem siv los oxidize cyanide rau hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo-ventilated. Cov qauv tshuaj tiv thaiv dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no:

2NaCN + 5NaClO + H₂O → N₂ + 2NaHCO₃ + 5NaCl

Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv hydrogen peroxide nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub catalyst. Cov txheej txheem no tseem tuaj yeem hloov cov cyanide rau hauv cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Qhov Tsis Muaj

Tom qab kev kho oxidation, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau neutralized. Yog tias cov tshuaj kho yog acidic vim cov txheej txheem oxidation, lub hauv paus xws li sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los kho tus nqi pH mus rau qhov nruab nrab (pH 6 - 9).

Kev Tso Cai Ua Raws Cai

Tom qab cov cyanide raug kho thiab nruab nrab, cov khoom pov tseg yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws li kev cai hauv zos, xeev, thiab tseem fwv ib puag ncig. Qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias xa cov pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg uas muaj ntawv tso cai.

xaus

Kev tuav cov cyanide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sodium cyanide, yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, tsim kev kub ntxhov Kev Npaj tebs, kom muaj kev nyab xeeb pov tseg txoj kev, txhua kauj ruam hauv cov txheej txheem tuav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia no nruj me ntsis, peb tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg no thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig.