Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Siv Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

Introduction

sodium cyanide yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas siv dav hauv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li mining, electroplating, thiab tshuaj synthesis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev tuav thiab pov tseg tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig hnyav thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov kab ke ecological. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tau zoo Sodium cyanideMuaj kuab paug tswj technologies tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xyaum.

Txoj kev kho ib txwm siv rau Sodium Cyanide pollution

Alkaline Chlorination

Alkaline chlorination yog ib txoj hauv kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los kho cyanide - muaj cov dej khib nyiab. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov tshuaj chlorine lossis chlorine - uas muaj cov khoom sib txuas (xws li sodium hypochlorite) raug ntxiv rau cov dej khib nyiab hauv qab alkaline. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv ob kauj ruam. Ua ntej, cyanide yog oxidized rau cyanogen chloride, thiab tom qab ntawd cov cyanogen chloride hydrolyzes los ua cyanate. Thaum kawg, cov cyanate ions tau ntxiv hydrolyzed los tsim ammonia thiab carbonates. Cov txheej txheem alkaline chlorination feem ntau yuav tsum muaj pH siab ntawm ib ncig ntawm 10.5 thiab siab oxidation - txo peev xwm (ORP) ntawm + 600 mV. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, noj ntau ntawm sodium hypochlorite. Piv txwv li, kwv yees li 23 nkas loos ntawm 12.5% ​​sodium hypochlorite tov yog xav tau los rhuav tshem ib ooj ntawm cyanide.

Kev kho mob lom

Kev kho mob lom neeg ntawm cyanide - muaj cov dej khib nyiab suav nrog kev siv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb. Cov kab mob aerobic xws li Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, thiab Achromobacteria tuaj yeem oxidize cyanide rau cyanate. Tom qab ntawd, cyanate ion tau hloov pauv mus rau ammonia thiab bicarbonate. Txoj kev no siv tau zoo thaum cov cyanide concentration hauv cov dej khib nyiab kuj tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig xws li qhov kub thiab txias, pH, thiab muaj cov as-ham tsim nyog kom ntseeg tau tias kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob.

Txoj kev Acidification

Cov txheej txheem acidification yog ib txwm siv los kho cov siab - concentration cyanide - muaj cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam xws li kub mining thiab cyanide electroplating. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov dej khib nyiab yog acidified los tso cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide, uas tuaj yeem rov qab los yog kho ntxiv. Txoj kev no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev muaj peev xwm rov qab tau cyanide los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tuav cov roj hydrogen cyanide tso tawm kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Tshiab Technologies rau Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

Cov txheej txheem oxidation siab heev, xws li ozone oxidation thiab ultraviolet (UV) - catalyzed oxidation, tau pom muaj peev xwm zoo hauv kev kho mob. Sodium Cyanide - cov dej tsis huv. Ozone oxidation tuaj yeem decompose cyanide rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo. Lub ozone molecule reacts nrog cyanide, rhuav cov tshuaj bonds thiab hloov mus rau hauv ntau ruaj khov tebchaw. UV - catalyzed oxidation, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau siv cov catalysts ua ke nrog ultraviolet lub teeb thiab oxidants zoo li hydrogen peroxide. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub UV - H₂O₂ system, lub teeb ultraviolet activates hydrogen peroxide, tsim cov reactive hydroxyl radicals uas yuav sai sai degrade cyanide. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau ua tau zoo dua thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov seem seem ntawm cyanide piv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.

Nanotechnology - raws li txoj hauv kev

Nanotechnology tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev cog lus rau kev txhim kho cyanide pollution tswj. Nanomaterials, xws li nanocatalysts, tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanide degradation. Piv txwv li, qee cov hlau - raws li nanocatalysts tuaj yeem xaiv oxidation ntawm cyanide nyob rau hauv cov mob me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanofiltration membranes tuaj yeem siv los cais cov cyanide thiab lwm yam kab mob los ntawm dej. Cov membranes no muaj qhov pores nyob rau hauv nanometer ntau yam, tso cai rau kev tshem tawm cov molecules me me thiab ions, suav nrog cyanide, thaum khaws cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom pov tseg.

Daim ntawv thov Case ntawm Sodium Cyanide Pollution Control Technologies

Hauv Kev Lag Luam Mining

Hauv kub mining, qhov twg sodium cyanide feem ntau yog siv rau kev rho tawm kub, kev tswj cov pa phem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, qee qhov kev lag luam mining loj tau txais kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm alkaline chlorination thiab kev kho mob lom. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem alkaline chlorination yog siv los txo qhov siab - concentration cyanide hauv cov tailings cov dej khib nyiab mus rau ib theem. Tom qab ntawd, cov dej khib nyiab raug kho ntxiv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm ib puag ncig nruj. Qee zaum, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li UV - catalyzed oxidation kuj tseem raug sim. Mines nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig rhiab heev yog tshwj xeeb yog mob siab rau txais yuav advanced thiab zoo dua kev tswj cov pa phem technologies kom txo tau cov kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ecosystems.

Hauv Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Electroplating industries uas siv cyanide - raws li plating da dej kuj tsim muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cyanide - muaj cov dej khib nyiab. Ntau cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub electroplating tau nruab rau ntawm qhov chaw kho dej khib nyiab. Lawv feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem kev kho mob, pib nrog nag lossis daus ntawm cov hlau hnyav cuam tshuam nrog cyanide complexes, ua raws li kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov dawb cyanide siv txoj kev xws li alkaline chlorination lossis cov txheej txheem oxidation siab heev. Qee cov nroj tsuag kuj tau siv cov kev soj ntsuam tas li los xyuas kom meej tias cov dej khib nyiab kho tau raws li cov kev cai tswj hwm ua ntej muab tso rau hauv cov kav dej los yog cov dej saum npoo av.

Cov kev sib tw thiab cov kev xav yav tom ntej

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam sodium cyanide pollution tswj technologies, muaj ntau yam kev sib tw. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog tus nqi siab cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov kev kho mob siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov lag luam me - thiab nruab nrab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob ntawm cov cyanide complex - muaj cov dej khib nyiab, uas yuav muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide thiab lwm yam kab mob, yuav tsum tau siv txoj kev kho kom zoo dua thiab ntau yam.

Saib mus rau yav tom ntej, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho ntxiv yog xav tau los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi - kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem koom nrog kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig catalysts, thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav cov tswv yim kho tshiab thiab tshiab, xws li kev siv cov kab mob genetic engineered microorganisms rau txhim kho cyanide degradation los yog siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau kev tshem tawm cyanide, tuav cov lus cog tseg zoo rau kev tswj xyuas cov pa phem sodium cyanide nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Hauv kev xaus, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov tshuaj sodium cyanide pollution tswj thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Kev txhim kho tas mus li thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.