Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem rau tshem tawm sodium cyanide los ntawm kub tailings?

Introduction

Hauv kev lag luam kub mining, cyanide yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem extraction vim nws cov hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv dissolving kub los ntawm ore. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov cyanide hauv tailings ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tau zoo Kev tshem tawm Cyanide cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kab lus no tshawb txog ntau yam txheej txheem tshem tawm cyanide ua haujlwm hauv kev kho Nyiaj Kub, aiming muab kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj.

Txoj kev Alkaline Chlorination

Ntsiab Cai

Txoj kev alkaline chlorination yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem feem ntau siv rau kev tshem tawm cyanide. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, chlorine-raws li oxidants ntxiv rau tailings slurry nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob. Cov tshuaj chlorine reacts nrog cyanide ions (CN-) los tsim cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv ob theem tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, cyanide yog oxidized rau cyanate (CNO-), thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem, cyanate yog ntxiv decomposed rau hauv nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsis haum.

zoo

• High Performance: Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov siab ntawm cyanide hauv cov tailings kub kom ua tau raws li kev cai tso tawm.

• Muaj Ntau Yam: Haum rau ntau yam tailings nrog sib txawv cyanide concentrations thiab compositions.

• Zoo - Tsim Technology: Cov txheej txheem tau nkag siab zoo, thiab muaj kev paub dav dav hauv nws daim ntawv thov.

tsis zoo

• Corrosive Reagents: Cov tshuaj chlorine - raws li cov oxidants tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv, ua rau cov nqi kho ntau dua thiab cov khoom siv luv dua.

• Toxic By - khoom: Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tshuaj lom los ntawm - cov khoom xws li chlorine gas yog tias cov txheej txheem tsis raug tswj kom zoo.

• Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg siab: Yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj chlorine ntau heev - raws li oxidants, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Ib lub pob zeb kub hauv kev siv alkaline chlorination txoj kev kho nws cov cyanide - muaj cov tailings. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tswj cov pH ntawm cov tailings slurry nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 - 11 thiab ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov hmoov bleaching (ib hom tshuaj chlorine - raws li oxidant), tag nrho cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov tailings raug txo los ntawm qhov pib concentration ntawm 200 mg / L mus rau tsawg dua 0.1 mg / L tom qab kho. Cov tailings kho tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm ib puag ncig hauv zos.

INCO Txheej Txheem (Sulfur Dioxide - Cua Txheej Txheem)

Ntsiab Cai

Cov txheej txheem INCO, tseem hu ua sulfur dioxide - txheej txheem huab cua, yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cyanide technology. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, sulfur dioxide thiab cua nkag mus rau hauv cov tailings slurry nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tooj liab catalyst. Cov sulfur dioxide yog oxidized rau sulfate, thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua pab nyob rau hauv lub oxidation ntawm cyanide. Cov tooj liab catalyst accelerates cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tig cyanide rau carbon dioxide, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam khoom.

zoo

• Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tsawg: Muab piv rau lwm txoj hauv kev, nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tsawg dua vim nws siv cua ua cov oxidant.

• Txo Cov Toxic By - khoom: Ua kom muaj tshuaj lom tsawg dua los ntawm - cov khoom lag luam piv rau alkaline chlorination, ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv zoo rau ib puag ncig.

• Nqi - Siv tau: tuaj yeem raug nqi - zoo rau kev ua haujlwm loj vim tias tus nqi qis ntawm sulfur dioxide thiab huab cua.

tsis zoo

• Catalyst Requirement: Qhov kev xav tau ntawm tooj liab catalyst ntxiv complexity rau cov txheej txheem. Lub catalyst yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas, thiab nws qhov kev poob lossis kev tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm.

• pH rhiab heev: Cov txheej txheem yog rhiab rau pH ntawm tailings slurry. Qhov zoo tshaj pH tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau tswj kom muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cyanide, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8 - 9.

• Slower Reaction Rate: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi kuj qeeb dua piv rau lwm cov txheej txheem oxidation, uas yuav xav tau cov hlab ntsha loj dua thiab lub sijhawm nyob ntev dua.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Kev lag luam loj loj kub mining hauv kev siv INCO txheej txheem. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia cov tshuaj sulfur dioxide thiab huab cua, thiab ua tib zoo tswj cov tooj liab catalyst ntau npaum li cas, lawv muaj peev xwm txo cov cyanide concentration hauv lawv cov tailings los ntawm 150 mg / L mus rau tsawg dua 50 mg / L. Qhov no tau ntsib kev lag luam - lees paub tsis muaj zog - acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide qib yuav tsum tau ua rau tailings pov tseg.

Txoj Kev Kho Mob Biological

Ntsiab Cai

Kev kho mob lom neeg ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tailings kub suav nrog kev siv cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob thiab cov fungi. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem metabolize cyanide ua qhov chaw ntawm nitrogen lossis carbon. Piv txwv li, qee cov kab mob tuaj yeem hloov pauv cyanide rau ammonia los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ib tug complex ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas cov microorganisms zom cov cyanide molecule nyob rau hauv tej tej yam kev mob xws li tsim nyog kub, pH, thiab cov as-ham.

zoo

• Txhua tus phooj ywg: Kev kho kab mob lom yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo dua vim nws tsis qhia cov tshuaj phem ntxiv rau hauv ib puag ncig.

• Tsawg - Nqi: Thaum tsim cov kab lis kev cai microbial, cov nqi khiav lag luam tuaj yeem qis dua vim tias cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej rov ua dua thiab siv cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.

• Xaiv Kev Kho Mob: Qee cov kab mob tuaj yeem xaiv lub hom phiaj cyanide, tawm hauv lwm cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov tailings tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

tsis zoo

• Cov txheej txheem qeeb: Cov txheej txheem lom neeg feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb dua piv rau cov txheej txheem oxidation tshuaj. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov bioreactors loj thiab lub sijhawm kho ntev.

• rhiab heev rau Environmental Conditions: Cov kab mob kis tau zoo heev rau kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias, pH, thiab muaj lwm yam tshuaj lom hauv cov tailings. Txawm tias me ntsis kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm microbial thiab txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cyanide.

• Startup Complexity: Tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig microbial kab lis kev cai rau cyanide degradation tuaj yeem nyuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj xaiv thiab acclimatization ntawm cov kab mob tsim nyog.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Ib lub mine kub hauv kev sim nrog kev kho mob lom. Lawv tau siv lub tshuab bioreactor tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub koom haum ntawm cyanide - degrading cov kab mob. Tom qab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev ua kom zoo ntxiv ntawm ib puag ncig hauv bioreactor, lawv tuaj yeem txo cov cyanide concentration hauv cov tailings los ntawm 80 mg / L mus txog 10 mg / L. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no xav tau ob peb lub hlis ntawm kev pib thiab hloov kho kom ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.

Tailings Washing and Pond Stripping (WPS) Txheej txheem

Ntsiab Cai

Cov txheej txheem WPS muaj ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb: tailings slurry ntxuav thiab pas dej lossis tank stripping ntawm cyanide. Hauv cov kauj ruam ntxuav, txee - tam sim no siab - tus nqi thickeners yog siv los ntxuav cov tailings slurry. Qhov no yuav pab tshem tawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tshuaj los ntawm cov tailings. Lub thickener overflow, uas muaj cyanide, ces raug rau lub pas dej los yog lub tank stripping. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem stripping, cov cyanide - nplua nuj tov yog raug rau huab cua los yog lwm yam stripping agents. Cov cyanide, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydrogen cyanide gas, yog stripped los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab yuav rov qab los yog kho ntxiv. Cov dej stripped tuaj yeem siv rov qab mus rau theem ntxuav, uas pab tswj cov dej sib npaug.

zoo

• Cov ntaub ntawv rov qab: Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau kev rov qab los ntawm cyanide, uas tuaj yeem siv rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem leaching, txo tag nrho cov cyanide noj hauv mine.

• Kev Tswj Dej: Los ntawm kev rov ua dua cov dej stripped, nws pab tswj cov dej sib npaug hauv kev ua haujlwm tsuas, txo qhov xav tau ntawm cov dej tshiab thiab txo cov dej khib nyiab tsawg.

• Kev siv cov Infrastructure uas twb muaj lawm: Cov txheej txheem WPS feem ntau tuaj yeem siv cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm xws li thickeners thiab txheej txheem dej pas dej, txo qhov xav tau kev nqis peev loj.

tsis zoo

• Complexity hauv kev ua haujlwm: Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov kauj ruam thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev tswj tsis tau xws li kev ntxuav kom huv, stripping tus nqi, thiab cov dej rov ua dua.

• Cyanide Recovery Efficiency: Lub efficiency ntawm Cyanide rov qab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li thawj zaug cyanide concentration hauv cov tailings, kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev ntxuav thiab stripping, thiab muaj lwm yam cuam tshuam.

• Cov ntxhiab tsw thiab kev nyab xeeb kev txhawj xeeb: Cov txheej txheem stripping tuaj yeem tso cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide, uas muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab muaj tshuaj lom heev. Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kom tiv thaiv cov pa paug thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Lub tuam txhab kub mining hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem WPS. Los ntawm retrofitting lawv cov thickeners uas twb muaj lawm rau kev txhim kho kev ntxuav thiab tsim lub pas dej npog rau cyanide stripping, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov cyanide rov qab tus nqi txog li 70%. Cov cyanide rov qab tau ua tiav tiav rov qab mus rau hauv lub voj voog leaching, txo lawv cov nqi yuav cyanide los ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb.

xaus

Kev tshem tawm ntawm cyanide los ntawm cov tailings kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm mining. Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cyanide tau tham, suav nrog alkaline chlorination, txheej txheem INCO, kev kho mob lom neeg, thiab cov txheej txheem WPS, muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yog nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li qhov pib cyanide concentration nyob rau hauv cov tailings, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tailings, muaj cov infrastructure, thiab cov nqi - cov txiaj ntsim kev soj ntsuam. Feem ntau, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab raug nqi - kev tshem tawm cyanide zoo. Raws li kev lag luam mining tseem tab tom ntsib kev tshuaj xyuas ib puag ncig, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho hauv cov thev naus laus zis tshem tawm cyanide yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj kev huv thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua yav tom ntej.