Mmetụta ịgbalite na ngafe nke nnu ndu na usoro cyanidation ọla edo

Okwu Mmalite

Ọlaedo cyanidation bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe maka iwepụta ọla edo na ọla ya. Mgbakwunye nke ụfọdụ kemịkal nwere ike imetụta arụmọrụ nke usoro a nke ọma. N'ime ihe mgbakwunye ndị a, Nnu ndu egosila mmetụta mgbagwoju anya, ma ịgbalite na nkwụsị, na Cyanidation ọla edo mmeghachi omume. Ịghọta mmetụta ndị a dị oke mkpa maka ịkwalite Mwepụta ọla edo usoro, ibelata ọnụ ahịa, na ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ihe ndabere usoro Cyanidation ọla edo

cyanidation ọla edo, nke a makwaara dị ka usoro MacArthur-Forrest, gụnyere mmeghachi omume nke ọla edo na cyanide ions na ọnụnọ oxygen. Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ a na-enyere ọla edo aka igbari site na matrix ore n'ime ihe ngwọta, na-enye ohere maka mgbake ya na-esote. Otú ọ dị, ọnụnọ nke adịghị ọcha dị iche iche na ore na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume nwere ike imetụta otú ngwa ngwa na kpamkpam gold agbaze.

Mmetụta mgbakwasa nke nnu ndu

Usoro nke ịgbalite

Ọrụ Catalytic na Mmeghachi omume Electrochemical

Nnu ndu nwere ike ime ka ihe na-akpalite usoro cyanidation ọla edo. Na mpaghara dị ala karịa (- 0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl), egosila na ịtinye nnu nnu na-eme ka usoro nkwụsị nke ọla edo dị ngwa na ngwọta cyanide. Nnwale cyclic voltammetry (CV) na-egosi na ndu na-esonye na mmeghachi omume electrochemical na-eme n'elu ọla edo. N'okpuru ọnọdụ cyanidation, ọla edo na-emepụta alloys na ụzọ. Alloys ndị a na-emepụta obere mkpụrụ ndụ electrochemical n'elu ọla edo, ebe mmeghachi omume oxidation na mbelata na-ewere ọnọdụ n'otu oge. Mmeghachi omume oxidation na interface nke ọla edo - alloy na-akwalite mmebi nke ọla edo, ebe mmeghachi omume mbelata na-agụnye oxygen ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na ngwọta. Nke a electrochemical edinam budata accelerates n'ozuzu ọnụego nke gold mgbasa.

Mgbochi nke Mmeghachi omume adịghị ọcha

N'ime ala ndị nwere ọla kọpa na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ, nnu nnu na-ekere òkè bara uru. Ngwakọta ọla kọpa dị na ọla nwere ike iri cyanide na oxygen, na-asọ mpi ọla edo - mmeghachi omume cyanidation. Nnu ndu na-emekọ ihe na ion ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa - na-ebu mineral, na-emepụta ogige ndị na-adịghị edozi ahụ nke na-egbochi mineral ọla kọpa ịgbaze. Nke a na-ebelata ọnụọgụ cyanide nke ọla kọpa na-eri, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ cyanide maka ọla edo - mmeghachi omume cyanidation ma si otú ahụ na-abawanye ọnụego ntanye ọla edo. Na ọla kọpa dị elu - ọla kọpa na-ebu mmanụ, na-agbakwunye nnu nnu ka a hụla ka ọ na-ebelata ọnụọgụ ọla kọpa gbazere na ngwọta cyanide, na-ejigide oke dị mma maka mgbasa ọla edo.

Ihe akaebe nnwale nke ịgbalite

Ma ụlọ nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ekwenyela na Mmetụta arụ ọrụs nke nnu nnu. N'ime otu ọmụmụ banyere ọla edo - na-ebu ọla nwere 0.25% galena, ịgbakwụnye nnu nnu mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ntapu ọla edo dịkwuo mma. Omume ụlọ ọrụ na-akwadokwa nchoputa ndị a. N'ụfọdụ ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo, mgbe a na-ahazi ụdị ọla dị iche iche, ịgbakwụnye ezigbo nnu nnu na-ebelata oriri nke sodium cyanide site n'ihe karịrị 12 kg/t ruo dị ka 5 n'arọ/t wee mụbaa ọnụego mgbake ọla edo ka ọ gafere 98%.

Mmetụta nkwụsị nke nnu ndu

Ọnọdụ maka nkwụsị

Ọnụnọ nke Silicate na ụfọdụ ndu - na-ebu mineral

N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, karịsịa na ọnụnọ silicate na kpọmkwem ụzọ - na-ebu mineral, ịgbakwunye ndu nwere ike belata oxidation nke ọla edo. N'ihe nwere ike - 0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), ọnụego nke ọla edo na-agbaze na-ebelata. Ihe kpatara ya dị mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ nwere ike ịgụnye ịmepụta ihe nkiri dị n'elu ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta nke ihe ndị na-edu ndú na elu ọla edo, nke na-egbochi ion cyanide na oxygen ịbịaru ọla edo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ụzọ - ihe ndị na-ebu mineral na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta cyanide iji mepụta ogige ndị na-ekpuchi elu ọla edo, na-egbochi ọganihu nkịtị nke mmeghachi omume cyanidation.

Elu - sọlfọ ores

N'ime ọla sọlfọ dị elu, ịgbakwụnye ndu nwere ike ọ gaghị aba uru ma ọ pụkwara iduga nkwụsịtụ. Mgbe ọdịnaya sọlfọ dị na ọla dị elu, mineral sulfide na-eme ka ọ bụrụ sọlfọ elemental n'oge usoro cyanidation. sọlfọ elemental a na-etolite akwa n'elu ọla edo nke na-egbochi ya imeghachi omume na cyanide - ngwọta oxygen. Lead nwere ike ịkwalite oxidation nke mineral sulfide ka ọ bụrụ sọlfọ, na-egbochi mmeghachi omume cyanidation ọla edo ma mee ka mbelata dị ukwuu na ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo.

Ihe akaebe nyocha nke nkwụsị

Nyocha X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) na-enye ihe akaebe nke mmetụta nkwụsị. N'ihe atụ sitere na usoro cyanidation dị elu - sọlfọ ore na mgbakwunye ụzọ, XPS spectra na-egosi ọnụnọ sọlfọ - nwere ihe dị n'elu ọla edo, na-egosi nhazi nke sọlfọ na-agafe agafe. Nnwale electrochemical na-egosikwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọla edo oxidation na-ebelata na ọnụnọ silicate na lead - mineral.

Ihe ndị na-emetụta nguzozi n'etiti ntinye na nkwụsị

Ntinye uche nke nnu ndu

Ọnụ ego nnu ndu agbakwunyere na usoro cyanidation dị oke mkpa. N'ebe dị ntakịrị, nnu nnu na-enwekarị mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ, na-akwalite mgbasa ọla edo. Ma ọ bụrụ na ntinye uche dị oke elu, ọ nwere ike iduga n'ichepụta ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume gabigara ókè nke na-akpata nkwụsị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnukwu mkpokọta ion lead nwere ike ime ka mmiri ozuzo dị - complexes cyanide na-ekpuchi elu ọla edo ma kwụsị mmeghachi omume cyanidation.

Ihe mejupụtara ore

Ngwakọta nke ore, gụnyere ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke mineral sulfide, silicates, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ, na-ekpebi ma nnu nnu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe nkwụsị. Ores nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke ụfọdụ mineral sulfide, dị ka pyrite dị elu - sọlfọ ores, na-enwekarị ike ịnyụ anyụ mgbe agbakwunyere ndu. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọla kọpa nwere nnukwu ọla kọpa nwere ike irite uru na mmetụta nke nnu nnu.

Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume

Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị ka okpomọkụ, pH, na ntinye nke oxygen na cyanide na ngwọta na-emetụtakwa mgbake na nkwụsị nke nnu nnu. Okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ime ngwa ngwa ma mmeghachi omume bara uru na nke na-emerụ ahụ metụtara ndu. pH nke ngwọta na-emetụta otú ndu na ion ígwè ndị ọzọ si adị, na-emetụta mmekọrịta ha na ọla edo na mineral ndị ọzọ. Ọnụnọ oxygen zuru oke dị mkpa maka ọla edo - mmeghachi omume cyanidation na-aga n'ihu na-emekarị, na nnu nnu nwere ike iji oxygen na-emekọrịta ihe n'ụzọ dị iche iche dabere na ọnọdụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ịkwalite ma ọ bụ gbochie mmeghachi omume ahụ.

mmechi

Nnu lead nwere ma mgbakwasa yana mmetụta nkwụsị na usoro cyanidation ọla edo. Mmetụta mgbake, dị ka ịkpata mmeghachi omume electrochemical na ibelata nnyonye anya adịghị ọcha, nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ mmịpụta ọla edo nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, dị ka ọnụnọ silicate, kpọmkwem ndu - na-ebu mineral, ma ọ bụ elu - sọlfọ ore, lead salts nwere ike ime ka deactivation site n'ibelata gold oxidation ma ọ bụ na-akpụ n'ígwé na-egbochi n'elu ọla edo. Ịghọta ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta ndị a, gụnyere ntinye nnu ndu, ihe mejupụtara ore, na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, dị mkpa maka iji nnu nnu mee ihe nke ọma na cyanidation ọla edo. Site na ijikwa ihe ndị a nke ọma, ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ nwere ike ịkwalite mmịpụta ọla edo, belata oriri reagent, ịbawanye uru, ma belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Nchọpụta n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ilekwasị anya n'ịmepụta ụdị ziri ezi maka ịkọ omume nnu ndu n'ụdị dị iche iche - nhazi ọnọdụ yana ịchọta ụzọ ọhụrụ iji gbochie mmetụta nkwụsị.