Nnyocha na ụzọ mgbake nke ọla kọpa na Cyanide Copper Plating Wastewater

1. Okwu Mmalite

Ịmepụta ọnọdụ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa akụ bụ ugbu a isi isiokwu abụọ maka mmepe na-adigide nke ụlọ ọrụ electroplating. N'ihe gbasara ụkọ akụrụngwa igwe anaghị agba nchara n'ụwa yana mmụba na-aga n'ihu na ọnụ ahịa ihe igwe elektrọnịk na-aga n'ihu, nnabata nke teknụzụ na-echekwa akụrụngwa adọtala nlebara anya nke ukwuu. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị China na-emepụta electroplating nwere akụkọ mmepe dị mkpụmkpụ. Na mmalite mmalite nke mmepe, enwere ụkọ ego na teknụzụ azụ azụ. Ọtụtụ obere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta electroplating enweghị mmata maka mgbake nke ihe igwe na-eme ka mmiri dị na electroplating, hapụ naanị nyocha maka ụzọ mgbake. Maka cyanide ọla kọpa plating na ọla kọpa alloy electroplating mmiri mkpofu, ndị precipitates kpụrụ site divalent ọla kọpa mgbe cyanide mebiri bụ ezi ahụ, na-akpata oké mmiri ozuzo na nkewa na ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Ya mere, ọ dị ngwa ngwa iji mụọ usoro mgbake ọhụrụ.

2. Usoro Usoro

2.1 Ọgwụgwọ nke Cyanide ọla kọpa na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa

N'usoro ịgbawa cyanide ọdịnala site na iji sodium hypochlorite, a chọrọ ịgbanwe pH nke mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide ka ọ bụrụ 11 - 12. site na itinye sodium hydroxide. N'oge usoro ịgbawa cyanide, a na-agbanwe cyanide ka ọ bụrụ carbon A na-agbaze dioxide na nitrogen, na ion ọla kọpa monovalent ka ọ ghọọ ion ọla kọpa divalent, nke na-etolite obere obere nke carbonate ọla kọpa dị mkpa nke a kwụgidere n'ime mmiri mkpofu. Ndekọ mmiri eke na-ewe ihe karịrị otu ụbọchị ma ọ ka nweghị ike iru mmiri zuru oke. A chọrọ nnukwu enyemaka coagulant na flocculant iji nweta mmiri ozuzo zuru oke na nkewa. N'oge gara aga, mgbe a na-enwetaghị ọla kọpa, a na-agwakọta mmiri mkpofu mgbe cyanide gbawara n'ime mmiri mkpofu zuru oke nke nwere acid, nke a na-agwọ site na usoro lime. A na-etinye carbonate ọla kọpa dị mkpa n'elu mmiri mkpofu zuru oke ma mechaa kpọpụta ya ma kewaa ya.

Usoro nbibi cyanide ọhụrụ bụ ịgbakwunye lime iji dozie pH. Carbon dioxide a na-emepụta n'oge cyanide na-agbaji na-emeghachi omume na calcium oxide iji mepụta calcium carbonate. N'otu oge ahụ, isi ọla kọpa carbonate co-precipitates na calcium carbonate na-etolite nnukwu urughuru precipitates.

2.2 Ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa ndị ọzọ

ions ọla kọpa divalent dị na acidic na-egbukepụ egbukepụ ọla kọpa na-etinye mmiri mkpofu na-emeghachi omume na lime ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa hydroxide, na sulfuric acid na-eji lime emeghachi omume iji mepụta calcium sulfate na mmiri. Na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu, pyrophosphate radical na ọla kọpa ion dị n'ụdị mgbagwoju. Mgbe ejiri wayo na-agwọ ya, pyrophosphate radical na-emeghachi omume na calcium oxide iji mee ka calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, na ion ọla kọpa na-emeghachi omume na calcium oxide iji mepụta ọla kọpa hydroxide.

3. Usoro mgbake

3.1 Ngwakọta mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa

Mmiri mkpofu nke nwere ọla kọpa na-agụnye ụdị dị iche iche dị ka cyanide ọla kọpa plating, ọla kọpa-zinc alloy, ọla kọpa-tin alloy, acidic na-egbuke egbuke ọla kọpa plating, na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu. Ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa Cyanide, ọla kọpa-zinc alloy na ọla kọpa-tin alloy na-asọba n'ime tankị mmezi mmiri nke nwere cyanide, ebe akwa ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu na-asọba n'ime tankị ngbanwe mmiri mkpofu nwere ọla kọpa. Ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa Cyanide na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa nwere ihe ndị na-agbagwoju anya dị ka sodium cyanide, potassium sodium tartrate, na ammonium thiocyanate, nke na-etolite ogige nwere ion ọla kọpa. Mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa pyrophosphate nwere ogige pyrophosphate ọla kọpa. Ngwunye ọla kọpa Cyanide na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa na-akpata ihe dịka 90% nke mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa nwere, ebe akwa ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke acidic na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu bụ ihe dịka 10%.

3.2 Usoro Oxidation nke Ọla kọpa

Tupu mgbake ọla kọpa, ọ dị mkpa ịgbaji ogige ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu electroplating na oxidize Cu⁺ ion n'ime ion Cu²⁺. A na-eji usoro ngwakọta nke ngwọta sodium hypochlorite na hydrogen peroxide mebie cyanide na ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka potassium sodium tartrate. Enwere tankị na-agbaji cyanide atọ. A na-agbanye mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa n'ime tankị nke na-agbaji cyanide nke mbụ. A na-agbakwunye mmiri ara ehi lime iji dozie pH na 11 - 12. na mgbakwunye nke mmiri ara ehi lime na-edozi site na usoro nchịkwa pH. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-agbakwunye sodium hypochlorite ngwọta iji mebie cyanide. A na-agbakwunye hydrogen peroxide na tank nke na-agbaji cyanide nke abụọ iji gaa n'ihu na-agbaji cyanide na oxidizing ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka potassium sodium tartrate. N'ihi mmeghachi omume na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, a na-agbakwunye tankị nke cyanide nke ọkwa nke atọ. Na ọkwa nke atọ nke cyanide-breaking tank, a na-enyocha mwepụ nke cyanide na ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka potassium sodium tartrate dị ka data nyocha kemịkalụ na ahụmahụ. Na mmecha nke mmeghachi omume oxidation, Cu⁺ dị na mmiri mkpofu na-agbanwe kpamkpam ka ọ bụrụ Cu²⁺, a na-emepụtakwa carbonate ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa hydroxide. N'oge usoro a, mgbe ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu na-emeghachi omume na lime, mgbagwoju anya nke ọla kọpa na pyrophosphate radical kpụrụ na-agbaji, na ọla kọpa hydroxide na-etolite. Ihe ndekọ nyocha na-egosi na usoro a nwere ike ime ka mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nkwụsị. Ịgbakwunye lime iji dozie pH na ion ọla kọpa na-ebuli na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ, na wayo na-arụkwa ọrụ nke enyemaka coagulant ma na-ebuli radical pyrophosphate kpamkpam.

3.3 mgbake ọla kọpa

N'ime usoro a dị n'elu, ions ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu electroplating na-atụgharị ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ọla kọpa carbonate. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke lime agbakwunyere buru ibu, ion ọla kọpa nwekwara ike gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa hydroxide precipitates. Ebe ọ bụ na a chọrọ lime ka ọ na-ebuli pyrophosphate radical na ọla kọpa pyrophosphate plating mmiri mkpofu, ọnụọgụ lime agbakwunyere enweghị ike ịdị ntakịrị. Ọnụ ego lime dị nnọọ ala, a pụkwara ịgbakwunye ya na ngafe kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ.

Mgbe a gwọchara mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide na ọla kọpa n'ime tankị cyanide na-agbaji okpukpu atọ, ha na-abanye n'ime tankị flocculation. A na-agbakwunye sodium pyrosulfite na tank flocculation iji belata oke hydrogen peroxide, na-agbakwunye polyacrylamide flocculant iji mee ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na-asọpụta na-eto eto. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyeghị sodium pyrosulfite na tank flocculation, hydrogen peroxide fọdụrụ mgbe cyanide mebiri emebi na-emepụta oxygen, nke a na-agbanye n'elu ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri. Ọnụ ego nke sodium pyrosulfite agbakwunyere kwesịrị ịdị ka nke a na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịfe n'elu, a na-anabatakwa oke kwesịrị ekwesị.

Mgbe ị gafechara site na tank flocculation, mmiri mkpofu na-asọba n'ime tank nke sedimentation tube na-achọsi ike. Mgbe a na-ekewapụ ihe ndị ahụ na mmiri, ha na-abanye na tankị na-eme ka sedimentation, wee na-enyocha ya site na nzacha nzacha. A na-enwetakwa achicha nzacha, na nzacha ahụ na-alaghachi na tankị ngbanwe. A na-azụta achicha nzacha nke nwere ọla kọpa a na-enweta site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ọkachamara wee zigara onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ọla kọpa sulfate ma ọ bụ nwee ike iji ya mepụta ọla kọpa electrolytic.

4. Uru

A na-emepụta mmiri mkpofu nke nwere ọla kọpa n'ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik anọ. Nyocha na nlekota data na-egosi na nkezi uka ịta nke ọla kọpa na Cyanide ọla kọpa plating mmiri mkpofu bụ 345mg/L, ya bụ, tọn ọ bụla nke mmiri mkpofu nwere 0.345kg ọla kọpa. Ngụkọta ego nke cyanide ọla kọpa plating mmiri mkpofu kwa ọnwa bụ ihe dịka 4600t, nwere 1587kg ọla kọpa. Tinyere ọla kọpa dị na mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa ndị ọzọ, ihe dịka 1700kg ọla kọpa nwere ike nwetaghachi kwa ọnwa. Ego ụlọ ọrụ na-enweta kwa ọnwa site na ire sludge nwere ọla kọpa bụ RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Mweghachi nke ọla kọpa nke ụlọ ọrụ site na mmiri mkpofu electroplating na-ezere oriri ọla kọpa na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, ọ bụghị naanị ibelata ọnụ ahịa electroplating kamakwa ibelata mmetọ nke abụọ nke sludge electroplating na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-enweta ezigbo uru akụ na ụba na nke ọha.

5. Mmechi

Ụlọ ọrụ electroplating bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emetọ nke ukwuu. N'ọnọdụ dị ugbu a ebe usoro ọgwụgwọ na teknụzụ maka electroplating mmiri mkpofu na China dịtụ azụ azụ, na-amụsi ike na-amụ ụzọ mgbake nke ọla ndị na-abụghị ferrous na electroplating mmiri mkpofu bụ nke dị oke mkpa maka iguzobe ọnọdụ nchekwa akụ na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi na ịnọgide na-enwe mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ọrụ electroplating. Usoro ọgwụgwọ cyanide ọla kọpa plating na ọla kọpa ndị ọzọ na-ekpofu mmiri iji nwetaghachi ọla kọpa site na iji lime a na-amụ n'akwụkwọ a egosila ezigbo nsonaazụ na ngwa ndị bara uru, na-enye ụzọ dị irè maka mmepe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ụlọ ọrụ electroplating.